OCE Chapter 12

The deep scattering layer is produced by masses of migrating phytoplankton. True or False

False

The euphotic zone is contained entirely in the mesopelagic zone. True or False

False

The lowest and most specific level in Linnaeus' classification scheme is the family. True or False

False

The majority of marine species are associated with the pelagic environment. True or False

False

Tropical marine organisms tend to grow more slowly, live longer, and are smaller in general than their cold-water counterparts. True or False

False

Cold, high-viscosity water benefits floating organisms more than warmer, low-viscosity water. True or False

True

Stenothermal organisms are likely to be found in deep open-ocean water. True or False

True

Osmosis occurs when salt ions diffuse through a selectively permeable membrane with a lower ion concentration. True or False

False

Planktonic organisms often have needle-like structures that: 1.prevent sinking. 2.are used as paddles to catch ocean currents. 3.increase density. 4.are used as a defense mechanism. 5.serve as a "skeleton" to support the diatom.

1.prevent sinking.

Of the following adaptations, which allow(s) a marine organism to blend into the environment and avoid visual detection? 1.Countershading 2.Chromatic aberration 3.Camouflage 4.Transparent body tissue 5.Disruptive coloration 6.Birefringence

1.Countershading 3.Camouflage 4.Transparent body tissue 5.Disruptive coloration

Of the following adult-stage organisms, which is/are classified as benthos? 1.Marine snails 2.Sponges 3.Crabs that crawl across the sea floor 4.Sea anemones 5.Mussels 6.Barnacles

1.Marine snails 2.Sponges 3.Crabs that crawl across the sea floor 4.Sea anemones 5.Mussels 6.Barnacles

Match the marine zone with its correct location. subtidal 1.benthic 2.pelagic, neritic 3.pelagic

1.benthic

Match the marine zone with its correct location. abyssopelagic 1.pelagic 2.benthic 3.pelagic, neritic

1.pelagic

The classifications "holoplankton" and "meroplankton" are based on _________. 1.the portion of the life cycle spent as plankton 2.ability to photosynthesize 3.ability to move through the water 4.size 5.diet

1.the portion of the life cycle spent as plankton

Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that range in complexity from simple sponges to complex vertebrates belong to the kingdom: 1.Plantae. 2.Animalia. 3.Monera. 4.Protoctista. 5.Fungi.

2.Animalia.

Of the following statements about plankton, which is/are true? 1.Plankton comprise 98% of all marine species. 2.Plankton drift with ocean currents. 3.Plankton can move up and down in the water column. 4.Plankton also include certain types of bacteria. 5.Plankton are very abundant and comprise most of Earth's biomass.

2.Plankton drift with ocean currents. 3.Plankton can move up and down in the water column. 4.Plankton also include certain types of bacteria. 5.Plankton are very abundant and comprise most of Earth's biomass.

"Eukarya" is a _________. 1.kingdom 2.domain 3.biozone 4.bacterium 5.phylum

2.domain

Match the description of the marine organism's lifestyle with the correct term. can never swim against a current 1.epifauna 2.holoplankton 3.meroplankton 4.nekton 5.infauna

2.holoplankton

High-latitude ocean water tends to support large planktonic communities because: 1.there are abundant nutrients. 2.of higher dissolved oxygen and nutrient concentrations. 3.there is abundant light. 4.there are fewer predators that feed on plankton. 5.of the longer summer day length.

2.of higher dissolved oxygen and nutrient concentrations.

Match the marine zone with its correct location. epipelagic 1.benthic 2.pelagic, neritic 3.pelagic

2.pelagic, neritic

Organisms that cannot withstand large changes in temperature are referred to as: 1.isothermal. 2.stenothermal. 3.euryhaline. 4.estuarine. 5.eurythermal.

2.stenothermal.

Of the following statements about gills, which is/are true? 1.Gills function to filter salt out of seawater. 2.Gills are found only on fishes. 3.Gills are fibrous respiratory organs used to extract oxygen from seawater. 4.Gills are found on most marine animals (excluding air-breathing marine mammals). 5.Gills function to regulate body temperature.

3.Gills are fibrous respiratory organs used to extract oxygen from seawater. 4.Gills are found on most marine animals (excluding air-breathing marine mammals).

Which of the following is the correct order for the taxonomic classification of living things? Select only one answer. 1.Kingdom, species, phylum, class, order, family, genus 2.Kingdom, phylum, family, class, order, genus, species 3.Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species 4.Kingdom, family, class, order, phylum, genus, species 5.Kingdom, class, phylum, order, family, genus, species

3.Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Match the marine zone with its correct location. littoral 1.pelagic 2.pelagic, neritic 3.benthic

3.benthic

Nektonic organisms in the photic zone often protect themselves from being seen from either above or below through _________. 1.streamlining 2.bioluminescence 3.countershading 4.camouflage 5.disruptive coloration

3.countershading

The majority of marine invertebrates are: 1.found only in benthic environments. 2.hypertonic with respect to their environment. 3.isotonic with respect to their environment. 4.adapted to life in the pelagic zone. 5.estuarine.

3.isotonic with respect to their environment.

Organisms of the mesopelagic zone are characterized by: 1.bioluminescence. 2.large, sensitive eyes. 3.no eyes. 4.A and B are correct. 5.A and C are correct.

4.A and B are correct.

Neritic marine environments would be found: 1.deep in the ocean basin. 2.at mid-ocean ridges. 3.in subduction zones. 4.associated with continental shelves. 5.within a deep-sea trench.

4.associated with continental shelves.

The primary reason phytoplankton are "concerned" about buoyancy is that they _________. 1.will be crushed by the high pressure at depth 2.cannot withstand the cold temperatures if they sink into deeper water 3.need to stay near the surface to have enough oxygen to survive 4.cannot photosynthesize below the photic zone 5.will be eaten by their predators if they sink

4.cannot photosynthesize below the photic zone

The color pattern in which marine organisms are light on the bottom and dark on the top of their bodies camouflaging them against the water-air interface is: 1.warning coloration. 2.cryptic coloration. 3.disruptive coloration. 4.countershading. 5.defensive coloration.

4.countershading.

All of the following are adaptive solutions employed by marine organisms to prevent sinking except: 1.producing extensions that increase drag in the water. 2.increasing the surface area to volume ratio. 3.building a flotation mechanism such as a swim bladder. 4.decreasing cellular fat content. 5.decreasing density.

4.decreasing cellular fat content.

The majority of our planet's biomass is represented by _________. 1.nekton 2.multicellular algae 3.benthic organisms 4.plankton

4.plankton

Nekton are restricted to particular ocean areas by: 1.changes in salinity. 2.differences in water pressure with depth. 3.availability of food. 4.temperature variations with latitude and depth. 5.All of the above conditions may restrict the distribution of nekton.

5.All of the above conditions may restrict the distribution of nekton.

The sublittoral (subtidal) zone is the area: 1.where demersal and pelagic organisms are found. 2.between the highest high tide and the lowest low tide. 3.above the highest tide. 4.beyond the continental shelf. 5.below the intertidal zone on the continental shelf.

5.below the intertidal zone on the continental shelf.

Match the description of the marine organism's lifestyle with the correct term. lives on top of benthic sediments 1.infauna 2.nekton 3.holoplankton 4.meroplankton 5.epifauna

5.epifauna

Match the description of the marine organism's lifestyle with the correct term. swims for its entire life 1.infauna 2.epifauna 3.holoplankton 4.meroplankton 5.nekton

5.nekton

Which of the following word pairs correctly link a descriptor with the way in which the organism lives in the ocean? 1.benthos—drift 2.plankton—bottom-dwelling 3.nekton—bottom-dwelling 4.benthos—swim 5.nekton—swim

5.nekton—swim

The movement of a substance in solution from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration across a selectively permeable membrane in a living organism is called: 1.diffusion. 2.osmosis. 3.active transport. 4.Brownian movement. 5.passive transport.

5.passive transport.

Epifaunal organisms live deep within benthic sediments. True or False

False

The hadal zone is associated with deep-ocean trenches. True or False

True