OCE chpt14

e

An example of a "cruiser" is a: a) flounder. b) grouper. c) shark. d) mackerel. e) tuna.

t

Red muscle tissue is abundant in cruisers, while white muscle tissue is abundant in lungers. t/f

b

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. bottlenose dolphin a) Order Sirenia b) Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti c) Order Carnivora d) Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti

d

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. fur seal a) Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti b) Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti c) Order Sirenia d) Order Carnivora

t

Photophores are cells found in bioluminescent organisms that may contain bioluminescent bacteria and the pigment luciferin. t/f

d

What type of caudal fin is characteristic of fast-swimming fish that migrate long distances? a) truncate fins b) rounded fins c) forked fins d) lunate fins e) heterocercal fins

d

Which fin(s) is/are most commonly used for moving fast? a) anal and dorsal b) pelvic c) caudal and dorsal d) caudal e) pectoral and anal

e

Which of the following is an example of commensalism? a) a male deep-sea anglerfish attached permanently to the larger female anglerfish b) gobies that host "cleaning stations" to remove the parasites and dead skin from other fishes c) sea lice attached to the skin of juvenile salmon d) a photosynthetic alga embedded in the body of a coral polyp e) barnacles attached to the surface of a large migrating whale

b

Which of the following is not a member of the Order Carnivora? a) Sea lions b) Sperm whales c) Sea otters d) Polar bears e) Seals

d

Which set of fins is used as stabilizers? a) pectoral and pelvic b) caudal and dorsal c) caudal and pelvic d) anal and dorsal e) anal and caudal

d

A group of animals that "violates" the trophic pyramid by feeding on organisms two or three levels below it is the _________. a) pinnipeds b) Odontoceti or toothed whales c) polar bears d) Mysticeti or baleen whales e) sea otters

e

All the following are adaptations to staying above the ocean floor except : a) ability to float. b) swim bladders. c) rigid gas containers. d) production of low-density fats or oils. e) All the above are correct.

e

All the following are baleen whales except : a) fin whales. b) gray whales. c) blue whales. d) right whales. e) sperm whales.

e

Because of the scarcity of food in the deep-sea environment, many organisms rely on _________ as their principal source of food. a) krill b) multicellular algae c) zooplankton d) cephalopods e) detritus

d

Bioluminescence is employed by deep-sea animals for all the following reasons except: a) attracting food. b) predator avoidance. c) counterillumination. d) warning coloration. e) communication.

b

Cruisers are thought to have relatively high body temperature because: a) they only need to move periodically. b) it increases the power output of muscle tissue. c) it assists them in predator avoidance. d) it helps them blend more easily with their environment. e) they are cold blooded.

E

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. Enter only the letter of the answer (caps, no period, and not the full entry) in the field below. A. anal B. caudal C. dorsal D. pelvic E. ventral

E

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. Enter only the letter of the answer (caps, no period, and not the full entry) in the field below. A. copepods B. foraminiferans C. krill D. radiolarians E. squid.

d

Fossil evidence indicates that modern whales have evolved from ancestors similar to the _________. a) sea lion b) water buffalo c) plesiosaur d) hippopotamus e) horse

e

Identify the adaptation that allows deep-sea fishes to capture prey without exerting much energy. a) counter illumination b) expandable bodies c) long, sharp teeth d) hinged jaws e) sensitive lateral lines

c

Individual fishes within schools maintain their spacing through visual contact and _________. a) audible signals and sensitive hearing b) echolocation c) the lateral line system d) response to physical contact e) electrical impulses

t

Krill, cnidarians, and arrow worms are macroscopic zooplankton. t/f

t

Many cetaceans can extract almost 90% of the oxygen from each breath. t/f

a

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. blue marlin a) lunate caudal fin b) truncate caudal fin c) heterocercal caudal fin d) rounded caudal fin e) forked caudal fin

e

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. bluefin tuna a) heterocercal caudal fin b) truncate caudal fin c) forked caudal fin d) rounded caudal fin e) lunate caudal fin

b

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. flounder a) heterocercal caudal fin b) rounded caudal fin c) lunate caudal fin d) truncate caudal fin e) forked caudal fin

a

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. goatfish a) forked caudal fin b) heterocercal caudal fin c) rounded caudal fin d) truncate caudal fin e) lunate caudal fin

b

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. gray angelfish a) heterocercal caudal fin b) truncate caudal fin c) forked caudal fin d) lunate caudal fin e) rounded caudal fin

b

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. herring a) heterocercal caudal fin b) forked caudal fin c) rounded caudal fin d) truncate caudal fin e) lunate caudal fin

c

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. salmon a) forked caudal fin b) heterocercal caudal fin c) truncate caudal fin d) lunate caudal fin e) rounded caudal fin

e

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. tiger shark a) lunate caudal fin b) rounded caudal fin c) forked caudal fin d) truncate caudal fin e) heterocercal caudal fin

a

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. gray whale a) Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti b) Order Carnivora c) Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti d) Order Sirenia

a

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. killer whale a) Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti b) Order Carnivora c) Order Sirenia d) Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti

d

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. sperm whale a) Order Carnivora b) Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti c) Order Sirenia d) Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti

a

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. walrus a) Order Carnivora b) Order Sirenia c) Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti d) Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti

d

Microscopic, shrimplike animals that have a hard exoskeleton that can be either herbivorous, carnivorous, or parasitic are called: a) fishes. b) foraminifers. c) cnidarians. d) copepods. e) radiolarians.

b,c,d,e

Of the following adaptations, which is/are used by various pelagic organisms to keep them from sinking? a) expansion and contraction of the overall body size to regulate buoyancy b) swim bladders that use gas to regulate buoyancy c) fatty organs that effectively increase buoyancy d) intricate ornamental body projections e) soft, gelatinous bodies with little if any hard tissue

a,b,d,e,f

Of the following characteristics, which is/are true of marine mammals of order Sirenia? a) They are the only vegetarian marine mammals. b) They live in shallow water and move slowly, which can often endanger them to being run over by boats. c) Their ancestors were wolf-like creatures. d) Sirenians include manatees, which have nails on their front flippers. e) They have a paddle-like tail and rounded front flippers. f) They have sparse hairs that are concentrated around the mouth but cover their bodies.

b,c,d,e

Of the following groups of organisms, which is/are considered zooplankton? a) Diatoms b) Radiolarians c) Jellyfish d) Krill e) Copepods

a,b,c

Of the following statements about schooling, which is/are true? a) Schooling reduces the percentage of ocean volume in which a cruising predator might find one of their kind. b) Schools can move and appear as one large and dangerous fish, thus preventing a predator from attacking. c) More than half of all fish species are known to join schools during at least a portion of their lives. d) Schooling provides conservation of body heat and allows fish to be warmer, thus using less energy to keep warm. e) Schools can gang up on larger predators and chase them away, thus avoiding an attack. f) Schooling allows fish to learn avoidance techniques from each other through observation and socialization.

a,b,c,d,e

Of the following statements about the characteristics of marine mammals, which is/are true? a) Marine mammals must surface to breathe air. b) Marine mammals bear live young. c) Marine mammals are warm-blooded. d) Marine mammals evolved from land species. e) Marine mammals have hair (or fur) during at least some stage of their development. f) Marine mammals need to come ashore to give birth.

f

One adaptation for deep diving in marine mammals is an increase in heart rate during the dive. t/f

c

Sea lions are easily distinguished from seals because they: a) cannot rotate their front flippers backward. b) have a short neck. c) have external ears. d) use their rear flippers for swimming. e) cannot rotate their front flippers forward.

f

Sharks have lunate caudal fins. t/f

f

Strategies for staying afloat in pelagic environments include a swim bladder, increased body fat and increased body density. t/f

f

The Odontoceti or toothed whales include the humpback, the gray, and the sperm whales. t/f

a

The caudal fin shape that is asymmetrical, with most of the mass in the upper lobe, is a: a) heterocercal fin. b) truncate fin. c) rounded fin. d) lunate fin. e) forked fin.

c

The cultural tradition and government-ordered capture of pilot whales for food by Faroe Islanders in the North Atlantic is deemed __________. a) legal scientific whaling b) legal whaling by objection c) legal aboriginal subsistence whaling d) a direct violation of the 1986 whaling moratorium e) illegal by the International Whaling Commission

f

The migratory routes of many commercially important baleen whales are poorly known. t/f

b

The most sophisticated use of sound by marine mammals is found in the _________. a) sea otters b) toothed whales c) manatees and dugongs d) baleen whales e) seals and sea lions

e

The muscle tissue of a "lunger" is predominantly: a) gray. b) red. c) blue. d) pink. e) white.

d

The stinging cells used by cnidarians to capture prey are called _________. a) photophores b) blastocysts c) chromatophores d) nematocysts e) Macrocystis

t

We currently believe that all marine mammals evolved from land-dwelling mammals. t/f

d

he oxygen-storing compound in the red muscle tissue of fishes is called _________. a) luciferin b) gamma globulin c) algin d) myoglobin e) hemoglobin