OCE1001 Ch. 7

Using this image of the waters adjacent to the East Coast of the United States, match the correct letter to each of the following.

1. B: Cold core ring(s) 2. C: Color for warm water 3. A: Color for cold water 4. D: Warm core ring(s)

The following block diagram shows coastlines in the Northern Hemisphere that are influenced by coastal winds (not shown). Based on the flow of surface waters due to Ekman transport, identify the correct coastal wind direction in each diagram.

1. B: Wind blowing parallel to the coast and toward the bottom of the diagram 2. A: Wind blowing parallel to the coast and toward the top of the diagram

The diagram below shows a generalized cross-sectional view across the Atlantic Ocean. Correctly match the letters with the corresponding water masses and associated features.

1. E: Antarctic Intermediate Water 2. F: North Atlantic Deep Water 3. A: Thermocline and pycnocline 4. B: Warmest water 5. D: Antarctic Bottom Water 6. G: Upwelling 7. C: Seasonally warm water

The image below is a block diagram showing the Pacific Ocean during an El Niño event. Correctly match the letters with the corresponding features.

1. E: Pacific Warm Pool 2. A: Thermocline 3. C: High atmospheric pressure 4. B: Walker Circulation Cell (reversed direction) 5. D: Low atmospheric pressure

Use the map of Pacific and Atlantic Ocean currents shown below to correctly identify the following ocean currents and gyres.

1. F: Canary Current 2. B: Subtropical gyre 3. E: California Current 4. C: Gulf Stream Current 5. H: Antarctic Circumpolar Current (West Wind Drift) 6. D: Benguela Current 7. A: Subpolar gyre 8. I: Brazil Current 9. G: Peru Current

Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents directly? Radar altimeters Doppler flow meters Pressure gradients Accidental spills from container ships Anchored buoys

Accidental spills from container ships

Based on the graph, which of the following has the highest density? Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) Mediterranean Intermediate Water (MIW) North Atlantic Central Surface Water (NACSW) North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)

Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW)

Based on the graph, which of the following has the lowest temperature? Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) Mediterranean Intermediate Water (MIW) North Atlantic Central Surface Water (NACSW) North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)

Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW)

Which of the following is the only current that completely circumscribes Earth? South Australian Antarctic Circumpolar South Equatorial Benguela Malvinas

Antarctic Circumpolar

Based on the graph, which of the following has the lowest salinity? Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) Mediterranean Intermediate Water (MIW) North Atlantic Central Surface Water (NACSW) North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)

Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW)

Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents indirectly? Accidental spills from container ships Propeller flow meters Free-drifting Argo floats Doppler flow meters Radio-transmitting float bottles

Doppler flow meters

The observation that ships and icebergs in the southern hemisphere float to the left of the wind direction is an example of which of the following? Western intensification Eastern intensification Geostrophic current Ekman transport Equatorial upwelling

Ekman transport

Of the following conditions, which is/are related to strong El Niño events? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) Increase in productivity along coastal South America Increase in the strength and consistency of the trade winds Higher sea levels in the eastern Pacific Ocean associated with warmer water Increase in sea surface temperatures and destruction of coral reefs in the eastern Pacific Ocean Increased abundance of hurricanes in the eastern Pacific Ocean

Higher sea levels in the eastern Pacific Ocean associated with warmer water Increase in sea surface temperatures and destruction of coral reefs in the eastern Pacific Ocean Increased abundance of hurricanes in the eastern Pacific Ocean

Which of the following currents is responsible for Peru becoming the largest producer of fish, from the sea, in the world? Somali Current Brazil Current Canary Current Falkland Current Humboldt Current

Humboldt Current

Of the following surface currents, which one(s) transport large volumes of warm water to higher latitudes? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) Peru Current Kuroshio Current Brazil Current North Pacific Current the Gulf Stream Canary Current

Kuroshio Current Brazil Current the Gulf Stream

Based on the graph, which of the following has the highest salinity? Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) Mediterranean Intermediate Water (MIW) North Atlantic Central Surface Water (NACSW) North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)

Mediterranean Intermediate Water (MIW)

Based on the graph, which of the following has the highest temperature? Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) Mediterranean Intermediate Water (MIW) North Atlantic Central Surface Water (NACSW) North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)

North Atlantic Central Surface Water (NACSW)

Based on the graph, which of the following has the lowest density? Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) Mediterranean Intermediate Water (MIW) North Atlantic Central Surface Water (NACSW) North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)

North Atlantic Central Surface Water (NACSW)

Between summer and winter, which of the following currents reverses its flow direction? Brazil Current Somali Current California Current Falkland Current Florida Current

Somali Current

The deepest and densest water mass in the world ocean is formed in the __________________. View Available Hint(s) Arctic Ocean North Pacific Southern Ocean Indian Ocean North Atlantic

Southern Ocean

The observation of a hill of water within all subtropical gyres is an example of which of the following? Western intensification Eastern intensification Subtropical convergence Equatorial upwelling Geostrophic current

Subtropical convergence

Of the following statements about subtropical gyres, which is/are true? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) The western boundary current of all subtropical gyres is intensified (it is fast, narrow, and deep). Globally, there are five subtropical gyres. The rotation of each subtropical gyre causes a "hill" of water to pile up within it. All subtropical gyres flow in a clockwise direction. There are four main surface currents in each subtropical gyre. The centers of all subtropical gyres are associated with high atmospheric pressure.

The western boundary current of all subtropical gyres is intensified (it is fast, narrow, and deep). Globally, there are five subtropical gyres. The rotation of each subtropical gyre causes a "hill" of water to pile up within it. There are four main surface currents in each subtropical gyre. The centers of all subtropical gyres are associated with high atmospheric pressure.

Which of the following is true of surface water circulation near Antarctica? There is no connection with the southern hemisphere subtropical gyres. Two circumpolar currents dominate it, one current that moves water to the east and one current that moves water to the west. The surface ocean has no strong currents. It is dominated by water flow directly away from the polar region toward the north. The circulation of water around the Antarctic continent is driven by density differences.

Two circumpolar currents dominate it, one current that moves water to the east and one current that moves water to the west.

The largest of the great ocean surface currents is the __________. View Available Hint(s) Kuroshio Current Gulf Stream California Current Equatorial Countercurrent West Wind Drift

West Wind Drift

The observation that one subtropical boundary current is faster, narrower, and deeper than its counterparts is an example of which of the following? Equatorial upwelling Eastern intensification Western intensification Geostrophic current Ekman transport

Western intensification

Compared to western boundary currents, eastern boundary currents are: narrow and deep. broad and deep. deep and swift. broad and slow. shallow and swift.

broad and slow.

Downwelling can result from __________. View Available Hint(s) converging surface currents strong offshore winds Ekman transport away from a coast an ocean current flowing over submerged banks or seamounts diverging surface currents

converging surface currents

An increase in seawater density can be caused by a ________ in temperature or a/an ________ in salinity. increase; increase decrease; decrease decrease; increase increase; decrease

decrease; increase

Deep ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ . wind Earth's rotation latitude bathymetry density differences

density differences

Thermohaline circulation is driven by: wind. longitude. the Coriolis effect. density differences. latitude.

density differences

Converging surface waters are areas of ________ and ________ productivity. downwelling; high upwelling; low upwelling; high downwelling; low

downwelling; low

Which of the following two factors cause geostrophic circulation within a gyre? density and the wind. the wind and pressure. temperature and pressure. gravity and the Coriolis effect. salinity and gravity.

gravity and the Coriolis effect.

Deep-water circulation brings oxygen from the surface to the deep ocean because of: decrease in pH with depth. greater volcanic outgassing at the ocean surface. greater rates of photosynthesis in deep water. greater dissolution of oxygen in colder water than warmer water. increase in pH with depth.

greater dissolution of oxygen in colder water than warmer water.

Deep-water currents move ________ volumes of water and are much ________ than surface currents. larger; slower smaller; faster smaller; slower larger; faster

larger; slower

Warm currents flowing ________ on the ________ sides of continents produce warm, humid conditions. poleward; eastern toward the equator; eastern poleward; western toward the equator; western

poleward; eastern

Records indicate that the ocean is warming faster in the Arctic polar regions than elsewhere. If that continues, a possible consequence could be __________. acceleration of deep ocean circulation, resulting in lower carbon dioxide levels in deep water an increase in upwelling in the Arctic, resulting in increased surface biological productivity slowing of deep ocean circulation, resulting in lower oxygen levels in deep water increased albedo in the polar areas, resulting in the cooling of nearby landmasses decreased humidity and precipitation in the Arctic region, resulting in aridity and the loss of boreal forest

slowing of deep ocean circulation, resulting in lower oxygen levels in deep water

Sources of deep water in the ocean include all of the following except: subtropical convergences. northern subpolar latitudes. southern subpolar latitudes. Antarctic convergence. Arctic convergence.

subtropical convergences.

In comparison to wind energy, ocean currents can generate more clean, renewable energy because __________. View Available Hint(s) water currents move more slowly than air currents devices that harness subsurface current energy are not exposed to weather like wind farms water turbines experience less fouling than wind turbines the density of water is greater than that of air currents are more consistent than winds

the density of water is greater than that of air

The El Niño Southern Oscillation can best be described as: variation in wind speed over the Pacific Ocean. wind speed and wind direction differences along the equator. tidal differences between coastal Peru and Darwin, Australia. relative changes between two different atmospheric pressure systems at high altitude. the relationship between sea surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure.

the relationship between sea surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure.

Cold currents flowing ________ on the ________ sides of continents produce arid conditions. toward the equator; eastern poleward; eastern poleward; western toward the equator; western

toward the equator; western

Equatorial currents are driven by the: density. westerlies. Ekman transport. Coriolis force. trade winds.

trade winds.

About what percent of the wind's energy is transferred to the ocean surface? Fifty Ten Five Twenty Two

two

Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich bottom water through: upwelling. land breezes. sea breezes. convergence. downwelling.

upwelling

Diverging surface waters are areas of ________ and ________ productivity. upwelling; high downwelling; high upwelling; low downwelling; low

upwelling; high

Surface ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ and modified by ________. latitude; differences in salinity and land wind; gravity and density density differences; differences in salinity and temperature density differences; the Coriolis effect and land wind; the Coriolis effect and land

wind; the Coriolis effect and land