OCE1001 FSU Chapter 4 Study Module

For a sediment to be considered a biogenic ooze, what minimum percentage must be biological material?

30 percent

What type of hydrogenous sediment is usually composed of salts?

Evaporite

What resources are produced in the ocean floor by bacteria breaking down organic matter?

Gas hydrates

A poorly sorted lithogenous sediment deposit was most likely transported by what?

Glaciers

What can be used to differentiate cosmogenous sediments from other sediment types?

Nickel content

What is the major mineral component of lithogenous sediment?

Quartz

A core section with a high amount of silica would most likely indicate what about the time it was deposited?

That there was a high amount of surface productivity.

What is required in order for a manganese nodule to form?

a nucleation object

What is the sediment type that comes from the remains of previously living organisms?

biogenous

What area of the ocean floor usually has the thickest sediment deposits?

continental shelf

What is the type of sediment that is not from Earth?

cosmogenous

A siliceous ooze is dominated by which microscopic algae?

diatom

What biological sediment deposit is often used in abrasives and absorbents?

diatomaceous earth

What often speeds up the descent of small particles to the ocean floor?

fecal pellets

A calcareous ooze would be dominated by which of the following organisms?

foraminiferan

A sediment deposit consisting of mostly large grain sizes (i.e., cobbles, pebbles) indicates that what energy regime exists in the area?

high-energy

What is the sediment type that comes from dissolved material precipitating out of the water?

hydrogenous

An abyssal clay with a brownish-red color is rich in what element?

iron

How can a calcareous ooze be found at depths lower than 5,000 meters (3.1 miles)?

it is buried under other sediment types

A carbonate deposit found in a core near Antarctica would indicate what about the previous marine climate?

it was more tropical

Increasing carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere will cause what to happen to the calcite compensation depth?

it will become shallower.

What is the type of sediment that is derived from the continents?

lithogenous

The depth at which calcium carbonate begins to dissolve in the water is referred to as the:

lysocline

Sediment deposits found on continental shelves are also referred to as:

neritic deposits

What is the area of study in oceanography that uses marine sediments to determine past changes in the ocean environment, such as water temperature or circulation?

paleoceanography

The device upon which you are reading this question has components made from resources from the ocean floor. What are they called?

rare earth elements

What method of sediment collection achieves the deepest penetration?

rotary drilling

Why are most deep-ocean lithogenous deposits composed of fine-grained sediments?

there is not enough energy to move larger grain sizes to the deep ocean

What is the most significant mode of transport of lithogenous sediment?

water