oceanography chapter 4

Of the following sediments, which one(s) is/are considered biogenous? Choose all that apply. A) tests of foraminifers B) radiolarian ooze C) manganese nodules D) coatings of metal sulfides near black smokers E) abyssal clay F) black volcanic beach sand

A B

Marine sediments provide valuable clues about which of the following Earth history events? Choose all that apply. A) movement of the ocean floor B) the ancient geographical locations of ocean basins C) the climate on Earth millions of years ago D) previous ocean circulation patterns E) past catastrophes, such as major extinction events

A B C D E

Which of the following are microscopic, single-celled floating algae that accumulate to form biogenous sediment? Choose all that apply. A) Coccolithophores B) Tektites C) Diatoms D) Foraminifers E) Radiolarians

A C

From smallest to largest, which list of sediment particle sizes is in the correct order? A) clay, sand, silt, pebbles B) clay, silt, sand, pebbles C) sand, silt, clay, pebbles D) pebbles, sand, silt, clay E) silt, clay, sand, pebbles

B

Sediment samples from deep beneath the ocean floor are recovered by __________. A) dredging B) grab sampling C) instrumented probes D) gravity coring E) rotary drilling

E

Salt beds of the U.S. Gulf Coast are __________. A) cosmogenous sediments B) neritic sediments C) lithogenous sediments D) biogenous sediments E) hydrogenous sediments

E

The most abundant mineral in lithogenous sediments is __________. A) quartz B) halite C) calcite D) aragonite E) gypsum

A

You add sand, silt, and clay to a jar of water, shake the jar vigorously, and allow the sediment to settle. The resulting sediment will most closely resemble that of a(n) __________. A) continental rise B) tropical reef or bank C) abyssal plain D) abyssal hills province E) mid-ocean ridge

A

Which of the following organisms are responsible for the creation of siliceous ooze? Choose all that apply. A) Radiolarians B) Foraminifers C) Stromatolites D) Coccolithophores E) Diatoms

A E

Of the following, which energy resource(s) can be extracted from marine sediments? Choose all that apply. A) Phosphorites B) Gas hydrates C) Petroleum D) Halite E) Manganese nodules

B C

In which of the following environments would you expect lithogenous sediment to be the dominant sediment type? Choose all that apply. A) near a black smoker B) a coral reef C) a sandy beach D) the abyssal plains E) at the base of the continental slope

C D E

Marine sediment with more than 30% biogenous material is called __________. A) ooze B) clathrate C) mud D) oolite E) slime

A

Which of the following statements correctly interpret the environmental conditions associated with types of biogenous deposits? Choose all that apply. A) Diatomaceous ooze on the sea floor indicates cool surface water above. B) Radiolarian ooze on the sea floor suggests warm surface water associated with the mid-ocean ridge. C) Calcareous ooze on the sea floor means there is an area of upwelling above. D) Foraminifer ooze on the sea floor means warm surface water above. E) Coccolith ooze on the sea floor indicates the water is shallower than 4000 meters.

A D E

Neritic sediments are most likely to be composed of __________. A) red clay B) biogenic ooze C) sand, silt, and gravel D) basalt fragments and metallic sulfides E) halite, gypsum, and anhydrite

C

Oozes are uncommon on continental margins because __________. A) relatively few marine organisms live in the waters over the continental margins B) biogenous material dissolves faster than it accumulates C )the biogenous component tends to be overwhelmed by the amount of lithogenous material derived from the nearby continent D )the abundance of hydrogenous material keeps the percentage of biogenous material too low E) very little sediment accumulates on continental margins

C

Which of the following conditions allows for calcareous ooze to exist beneath the CCD? Select only one answer. A) The dissolved calcium carbonate precipitates upon contact with the sea floor. B) The deposit is mixed with hydrogenous sediment. C) The calcareous ooze accumulates faster than it dissolves. D) A layer of clay buries the ooze before the sea floor subsides. E) Conditions of high salinity are present.

D)

Of the following types of lithogenous sediment, which one(s) would you expect to find very far from the location of origin? Choose all that apply. A) Pebbles B) Volcanic ash C) Quartz silt D) Boulders E) Quartz granules

B C

Sediments with all grains of about the same size are classified as __________. A) lithogenous turbidites B) well rounded C) well sorted D) neritic

C

You take a sediment sample from the ocean floor at a depth of 5500 m. The area has low biological productivity and the CCD is at 4500 m depth. Your sample will probably consist of __________. A) sand B) coral C) clay D) siliceous ooze E) calcareous ooze

C

Of the following sediments, which one(s) is/are considered hydrogenous? Choose all that apply. A) black volcanic beach sand B) radiolarian ooze C) manganese nodules D) tests of foraminifers E) abyssal clay F) coatings of metal sulfides near black smokers

C F