Oceans Mid-Term #2The

A deep-water wave occurs when the water depth is equal to at least __________.

1/2 the wavelength

A full lunar tidal cycle is __________________.

24 hours and 50 minutes in duration

The Average salinity of the world's ocean is?

3.5% (35 ppt)

The prevailing westerlies occur in which of the following regions?

30-60 degrees

At what approximate temperature (in Celsius) is pure water the most dense?

4 Degrees Celsius

The trade winds occur in which of the following regions?

5-30 degrees

One major problem associated with the Chesapeake Bay due to increased human pressure is ______________.

An increase in nutrients resulting in more frequent kills of bottom-dwelling or benthic animals.

When liquid water gets below 4 degrees Celsius, it

Begins to decrease in density by expanding

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The Coriolis force is a true force BECAUSE it accelerates a moving body or air and influences its speed.

Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Longshore current cannot change direction BECAUSE the waves that approach a beach never change direction with different seasons.

Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.

The amount of energy that is necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius is the definition of

Calorie

An example of a coastal plain estuary is the ___________.

Chesapeake Bay

The apparent deflection of air masses to the right or left (depending on latitude) as they move from one latitude to another is called the..?

Coriolis effect

What is the difference between currents and waves?

Currents consist of moving water body while waves consist of a propagation of energy.

Compared to an eastern boundary current in a gyre, which of the following statements is true for a western boundary current?

Deeper currents, increased current velocity, warmer water, and narrower current are all true of western boundary currents.

Large deposits of sediment at the mouths of rivers are called ____________.

Deltas

Deep ocean currents are driven primarily by ___________ and caused by __________?

Density differences; Differences in salinity and temperature.

The graph shows which tidal pattern. (if it is two high tides and two low tides)

Diurnal Tidal Pattern

Which of the following statements concerning tides is correct?

Diurnal tides are a tidal pattern in which there is one high tide and one low tide in a lunar day.

If a gust of wind blows from the north over a body of water, what direction will the surface current flow?

Due to the Coriolis effect the surface current will move in a 45 degree angle from the wind direction.

Water flowing out of an enclosed basin due to the tides is called a/an:

Ebb current

The observation that ships and icebergs in the northern hemisphere float to the right of the wind direction is an example of which of the following?

Ekman Transport

Which of the following processes increases seawater salinity?

Evaporation

An estuary formed from a flooded glacial valley is called a _____________.

Fjord

The trade winds blow in which of the following directions in the northern hemisphere?

From northeast of southwest

The prevailing westerly winds blow in which of the following directions in the Northern Hemisphere?

From southwest to northeast

The intensity of solar radiation received at lower latitudes(near the equator) compared to higher latitudes (near the poles) is..?

Greater

What shape does a water molecule take when frozen?

Hexagonal

The property of water that accounts for the ability of liquid water to absorb large amounts of heat and change relatively little in temperature is called...

High Heat capacity

If the side of the Earth that faces the moon experiences a high tide, then the side of the Earth that is opposite from the moon will have a _______________.

High tide

Which of the following are UNLIKELY to generate a tsunami?

Hurricane Wind

In the coastal regions, sea breezes happen____________ and land breezes happen___________.

In the afternoon; at night.

Which of the following has caused an increase in the mortality of blue crabs, oysters, and other bottom-dwelling animals in the Chesapeake Bay since the early 1950s?

Increased discharge of sewage and fertilizers.

As a wave begins to feel bottom near a shoreline, its wave height ____________ and its wave length __________.

Increases, decreases

Many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water:

Is a polar molecule

A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure liquid water at 0 degrees Celsius. What happens to the temperature of the liquid water as heat is added?

It remains constant until the ice melts, and then it beings to rise.

Thermal energy released or absorbed during change of state is classified as?

Latent Heat

A vast majority of all large tsunami are generated in the __________ ocean.

Pacific

The Coriolis effect is due to changes in the _____________ of Earth with latitude.

Rotation velocity

The graph shown is an example of a __________ tidal pattern?( the graph shows four high and four low tides)

Semidiurnal

A tsunami is considered to be a ______________.

Shallow- water wave

Sound can travel for much greater distances through water than light waves can before being absorbed because...?

Sound waves travel through water more efficiently than light waves.

Which of the following is not occurring the El Nino?

Stronger Upwelling in the eastern Pacific.

Which of the following best defines heat capacity?

The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree Celsius

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: A tidal buldge is created on the side of Earth directly facing the Moon BECAUSE the provided gravitational force is greater than the required centripetal force.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: A tidal bulge is created on the side of Earth facing away from the Moon BECAUSE the required centrifugal force is greater than the provided gravitational force.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The largest high tides are called Spring Tides BECAUSE they only happen in the spring.

The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.

What is a tidal range?

The difference between high and low tide

The fetch refers to _________?

The distance over which the wind blows without interruption.

Which of the following best explains why there is a difference between a lunar day and a solar day?

The moon must rotate an additional 50 minutes to catch up to earth.

Which of the following statements about the movement of Earth's atmosphere is correct?

The movement of air within the atmospheric convection cells generates the wind belts.

The Ekman spiral is caused by...?

The wind and the Coriolis effect.

True or False: Salinity is the total amount of dissolved inorganic solids in water

True

Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich bottom water through:

Upwelling

Which of the following is not one of the names associated with huge rotating masses of low pressure characterized by strong winds and torrential rain?

Vortex

What is the major characteristics of water density with temperature?

Water density increases as temperature decreases above 4 degrees Celsius. Below 4 degrees C, the water density decreases as temperature decreases. Thus, water has a maximum density at 4 degrees C.

The speed of a shallow water wave is proportional to the square root of ___________.

Water depth

Waves in the surf zone begin to behave like shallow-water waves when ________.

Water depth = Wavelength/20

The circular motion of water molecules extends to a depth that is equal to:

Wavelength/2

The Gulf Stream is an example of which of the following tupes of currents?

Western Boundary Current

The observation that one subtropical boundary current is faster, narrower, and deeper than its counterparts is an example of which of the following?

Western intensification

Which of the following statements about wetlands is incorrect?

Wetlands are inefficient at cleansing polluted water.

Which factor does NOT affect wave energy?

Wind direction

Surface ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ and modified by ________?

Wind; The Coriolis effect and land

Winter beaches __________.

are narrower than summer beaches due to high-energy waves during the winter

Winds blowing out of the north toward the south in the southern hemisphere will appear to..?

be deflected toward the east.

As the salinity of seawater increases, its

density increases

A spring tide ____________.

has very high high tides and very low low tides

Graph question

read the graph

The El Nino Southern Oscillation can best be described as _________.

the relationship between sea surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure.

In the southern hemisphere, the direction of Ekman transport is always__________?

to the left of the wind direction

As a result of the Coriolis effect in the northern hemisphere, winds always are deflected...?

to the right of their original direction.

The depth below the surface where the circular orbits become so small that movement is negligible is called the __________.

wave base

The time it takes one full wave to pass a fixed position is called the _________.

wave period

Waves converge on headlands due to:

wave refraction

The ratio of wave height to wavelength is called the __________.

wave steepness

The longer the _____________, the faster a deep-water wave travels.

wavelength

The speed of a deep-water wave is proportional to __________.

wavelength

Neap tides occur _________.

when the moon is in quadrature

Most ocean waves form as a result of ___________.

winds blowing across the ocean surface