OIM 390 Quiz 1

Machine learning

Big umbrella term meaning to learn from data

Shelby writes a survey that includes the following question: "Do you like chocolate (circle Yes or No), and why?" Which of the following describes the data Shelby will collect?

Both structured data and unstructured data

What were the main causes of the First Winter of AI?

High expectations and lack of funding

Superintelligence

Hypothetical AI surpassing human intelligence, with potential risks and ethical concerns (THE FUTURE) Time frame: 2050 and beyond

Computer vision - image recognition and classification

Identifying objects and scenes Applications: self-driving cars, medical imaging, and facial recognition

Deep learning - generative adversarial network (GAN)

Image creation

Deep learning - convolutional neural networks (CNNs)

Image recognition and processing Applications: facial recognition, object detection, medical imaging

Fill in the blank. All supervised learning algorithms need ___________ data.

Labeled

If names and email addresses are organized using a spreadsheet software, like Google Sheets or Microsoft Excel, which of type of data is this?

Structured data

In Alteryx, what are the components of a workflow?

Tools: complete a step in the process (gray arrow) Anchors: input and/or output of a tool (red circle) Connections: controls the flow of data from one tool to the next (yellow arrow)

Structured data

Typically categorized as quantitative data and is highly organized; information that can be organized in rows and columns

Approximately how much of the world's data today is unstructured?

80%

Tabulate

"Slicing and dicing" data to give it a structure, so that people can uncover patterns of useful information.; getting a feel for what all those columns and rows of data in a table really mean

Utilizations of AI in making predictions

-Human language: online chatbots use natural language processing (NLP) to analyze poorly typed or spoken questions, then predict which answers to give on topics ranging from shipping or business hours to merchandise and sizes -Vision recognition: AI helps doctors identify serious diseases based on unusual symptoms and early-warning signs, and it reads speed limit and stop signs as it guides cars through traffic -Fraud detection: AI analyzes patterns created when thousands of bank customers make credit card purchases, then predicts which charges might be the result of identity theft

Semi-structured data

A "bridge" between structured and unstructured data that doesn't have a predefined data model; combines features of both and is more complex than structured data, yet easier to store than unstructured data; uses metadata to identify specific data characteristics and scale data into records and preset fields Ex: video on a social media site

Which of the following is an example of a probabilistic calculation? -Wording that is probably correct -A 78% chance of being wrong -An unreliable calculation -A strong feeling you are most likely correct

A 78% chance of being wrong

Era of Tabulation

A time when machines helped humans sort data into structures to reveal its secrets

Which of the following represents the idea that AI will move into all industries, from finance, to education, to healthcare, increasing productivity and enabling new opportunities?

AI everywhere

Ethical and societal implications - bias and fairness concern

AI systems perpetuating human biases and discrimination

Ethical and societal implications - job displacement and privacy issues

AI's impact on employment and personal data privacy

Complete the sentence. ________________ performs tasks without human intervention and completes mundane and repetitive tasks for humans, while ________________ allows humans to make final decisions after analyzing data, reports, and other types of data.

AI, augmented intelligence

General or strong AI

Aiming for human-level intelligence and versatility (IN PROGRESS) Time frame: 2050 and beyond

While AI performs tasks without human intervention and completes mundane and repetitive tasks for humans, ________________ doesn't participate in the decision-making, allowing humans to make final decisions after analyzing data, reports, and other types of data.

Augmented intelligence

What is one application for Natural Language Processing?

Chatbots

Algorithms

Computational sequences that represent a real life operation; detailed step by step instructions to achieve a desired outcome. -Machine learning uses algorithms as their programming logical parts -Typically involved in computer programs but they also happen in the analog world

In Alteryx, the user interface consists of what elements?

Configuration window (left) Canvas (big blank workspace) Workflow (on the canvas) Results window (bottom)

Natural language processing - text and speech recognition

Converting spoken or written language into machine-readable format

Fill in the blank. Machine learning can analyze ______________ data more quickly than a programmable computer can.

Dark

Narrow or weak AI

Designed for specific tasks (ex: Siri, Alexa) Time frame: 2010-2015

Unsupervised learning

Discovering patterns in unlabeled data (ex: clustering)

Backward propagation

Does not go in the traditional L to R direction (NOT LINEAR), rather the processing layers might send it back to a previous layer

Era of Programming

During the turmoil of World War II, a new approach to dark data emerged; scientists began building electronic computers that could run more than one kind of instruction (today we call those "programs") in order to do more than one kind of calculation

Metadata

Enables semi-structured data to be better cataloged, searched, and analyzed than unstructured data

Ethical and societal implications - responsibility and transparency

Ensuring accountability in AI decision-making processes

In which era did the advancements in fields ranging from cancer research to energy production show how its achievements impact people every day, and that it has exponentially increasing abilities?

Era of AI

During which era did a robot drive itself down a 131-mile desert trail and IBM systems beat a chess champion and two Jeopardy! grand champions?

Era of Programming

In which era did computers guide astronauts from Earth to the moon and advance to handle more than one kind of instruction?

Era of Programming

In which era did machines help humans sort data into structures to reveal its secrets, that is, to reveal more insight than just simply counting to get a sum total?

Era of Tabulation

What do AI researchers call the type of systems likely to emerge by 2050 and beyond?

General AI

Tomas is programming an app to help people find their way in his city. He programs every possible route from the university auditorium to the museum. Which of the following is Tomas likely using?

Programmable computing

Deep learning - recurrent neural networks (RNNs)

Sequential data processing Applications: speech recognition, language translation, chatbots

You're working for an employer who wants to learn from social media what customers say about her products and services. To convince her to move to an AI system, what would you tell her about social media?

Social media data is unstructured

What type of data is categorized as qualitative data, and cannot be processed and analyzed by conventional data tools and methods?

Structured data

You train Google Photos to identify people in photographs. As a result, Google Photos can recognize their faces. What kind of learning is this?

Supervised learning

Which of the following is the correct order of the three eras of computing?

Tabulation, Programming, AI

Unstructured data (aka dark data)

Typically categorized as qualitative data; cannot be processed and analyzed by conventional data tools and methods as it lacks any built-in organization, or structure Ex: images, texts, customer comments, medical records

Natural language processing - sentiment analysis and applications

Understanding emotions and opinions in text data Ex: customer service chatbots, political campaign analysis

What Alteryx tool is used to distinguish whether a data record is unique or a duplicate by grouping on one or more specified fields, then sorting on those fields?

Unique tool (blue snowflake icon)

Fill in the blank. Machine learning can analyze ___________ data far more quickly than a programmable computer can.

Unstructured

What Alteryx tool do you need to use to stacking data vertically to create one large dataset with all records?

Union tool (purple DNA strand icon)

Fill in the blank. ______________ learning occurs when the algorithm is given unlabeled data.

Unsupervised

YouTube and Netflix often recommend options to users. What kind of learning is used to generate these recommendations?

Unsupervised learning

What is the function of a wild card (*) in Alteryx?

When the wildcard is entered as part of the file path, it substitutes all characters or one character in the file name and pulls those related files in as well

Fill in the blank. __________ systems are used to predict global weather, trace pandemics, and help businesses predict future trends?

Broad AI

Fill in the blank. ____________ will enable supersmart bots and technologies to link AI with the Internet of Things through "embodied cognition". This will give machines the ability to interact in human-like ways as they work alongside humans.

Broad AI

Tesla cars are all connected and share what they learn when autonomously driving. This is an example of which of the following levels of AI?

Broad AI

What Alteryx tool is used to display the data in the Results window and to enable quick data profiling (e.g., summary statistics)?

Browse tool (green binoculars icon)

Decision making

Data input: the smell of freshly baked bread Thought: that reminds me of my childhood Decision making: I think I will buy some of that bread Memory: but I have already eaten lunch Reasoning: maybe I could have a snack Action: can I have a loaf of that bread, please?

Augmented intelligence

Has a modest goal of helping humans with tasks that are not practical to do Ex: "reading" 1000 pages in an hour

Supervised learning

Labeled data for training (ex: image classification)

What one word best describes what AI can do?

Predict

What Alteryx tool is used to bring data into the workflow?

Input tool (green lined paper and pencil icon)

Which of the following Narrow AI systems would you want to include when building the Broad AI system for a self-driving car? -Entertainment trends -Information from the global positioning system (GPS) -Long-term weather patterns -International news

Information from the global positioning system (GPS)

Neural networks

Inspiration from human brains: interconnected neurons and synapses Basic structure: input layer, hidden layers, and output layer Activation functions and backpropagation: how neural networks learn and improve

With the use of billions of sensors, what is the new idea that will help to improve the Earth's safety, sustainability, and security:

Instrumented planet

What Alteryx tool is used to match data by positions or keys to get same data on both sides in which the values must match exactly (can specify multiple fields)?

Join tool (purple bacteria icon)

Complete the sentence. Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the ability of a machine to ________________ and ________________.

Learn patterns, make predictions

Reinforcement learning

Learning through trial and error (ex: self-driving cars)

Computer vision - object detection and tracking

Locating and following objects in images and videos Ex: surveillance systems, autonomous drones, robotics

Why does machine learning find answers in unstructured data more quickly than a programmable computer?

Machine learning can search every combination of factors very quickly

Fill in the blank. Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the ability of a machine to learn patterns and ______________.

Make predictions

What type of AI do services, such as Netflix, use to recommend offerings to users?

Narrow AI

Complete the sentence. Machine learning is a type of AI with many advantages over programmable computers, including the distinguishing capability to _______________ and _______________.

Predict, learn

Data

Raw information (could be facts, statistics, opinions, or any kind of content that is recorded in some format)

Which method of learning does an AI system use when it utilizes the process of trial and error?

Reinforcement learning

What Alteryx tool would you need to use to remove a field?

Select tool (blue check mark icon)

Data that is not completely raw and contains elements such as tags and organizational metadata is known as _______________ .

Semi-structured data