oncology prep u

A client was diagnosed with cancer several weeks ago and family members describe the client as "utterly distraught." The client has fully withdrawn from social and family contact. What is the nurse's best action?

Refer the client to the appropriate mental health provider.

Which of the following are true statements about effective radiation therapy? Select all that apply.

Slower-growing tissues at rest (muscle) are more radioresistant. Tumors that are well oxygenated are more sensitive to radiation. Tumors that are small in size and dividing rapidly are more sensitive.

A nurse is administering a peripheral chemotherapeutic agent. What nursing actions are used for extravasation of a chemotherapeutic agent? Select all that apply.

Stop the medication infusion at the first sign of extravasation Aspirate any residual drug from the IV line Administer an antidote, if indicated

A client asks the nurse what is causing the fatigue following radiotherapy. What is the nurse's best response?

Substances are released when tumor cells are destroyed.

The nurse should teach the patient who is being radiated about protecting his skin and oral mucosa. An important teaching point would be to tell the patient to:

Cleanse the skin with a mild soap, using his fingertips, not a rough wash cloth.

A 67-year-old client is admitted for diagnostic studies to rule out cancer. The patient is white, married, has been employed as a landscaper for 40 years, and has a 36-year history of smoking a pack of cigarettes daily. What significant risk factors does the nurse recognize this patient has? Select all that apply.

Age Cigarette smoking Occupation

Which intervention should the nurse teach a client who is at risk for hypercalcemia?

Consume 2 to 4 L of fluid daily.

A client diagnosed with cancer has the tumor staged and graded based on what?

How the tumor tends to grow and the cell type

When malignant cells are killed (tumor lysis syndrome), intracellular contents are released into the bloodstream. This leads to which of the following? Select all that apply.

Hyperkalemia Hyperuricemia Hyperphosphatemia

The nurse is assessing the diet of a female client. To decrease the risk of cancer in general, the nurse instructs the client to

Limit alcohol ingestion to one drink per day.

The home health nurse is performing a home visit for an oncology client discharged three days ago after completing chemotherapy treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The nurse's priority assessment should include examination for the signs and symptoms of which complication?

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)

Which of the following would be consistent with a benign neoplasm?

Usually progressive and slow

What is the best way for the nurse to assess the nutritional status of a patient with cancer?

Weigh the patient daily.

The nurse is completing an admission assessment for a client receiving interstitial implants for prostate cancer. The nurse documents this as

brachytherapy.

The nurse is teaching a client newly diagnosed with cancer about chemotherapy. The nurse tells the client he'll receive an antitumor antibiotic. The nurse knows that this type of medications is:

cell-cycle nonspecific.

A client without symptoms receives a diagnosis of prostate cancer after a routine physical. What factors contributed to this diagnosis? Select all that apply.

client history risk factors tumor markers

The nurse is teaching a client about carcinogens. What carcinogens does the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.

dietary substances environmental factors viruses chemical agents defective genes hormone replacement therapy

Based on the understanding of the effects of chemotherapy, the nurse would anticipate which clinical finding in a client 2 weeks after therapy?

fever

A nurse caring for a client who has just received chemotherapy infusion is wearing a disposable gown, gloves, and goggles for protection. The nurse knows that accidental exposure to chemotherapy agents can occur through:

inhalation of aerosols.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, second only to heart disease. Half of all men and one third of all women will develop cancer during their lifetimes. Which types of cancer have the highest prevalence among both men and women?

lung and colon

A nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with cancer. Which therapies are used to treat cancer? Select all that apply.

surgery hyperthermia radiation therapy chemotherapy

A nurse is teaching a client who is receiving radiation treatment for left lower lobe lung cancer. Which client statement indicates a need for further teaching?

"I'll use hats to protect my head from the sun when my hair falls out."

The nurse is performing an initial assessment of a 75-year-old client who has just relocated to the long-term care facility. During the nurse's interview with the client, the client admits drinking around 600 mL (20 oz) of vodka every evening. What types of cancer does this put the client at risk for? Select all that apply.

Breast cancer Esophageal cancer Liver cancer

You are the nurse caring for a client with cancer. The client complains of pain and nausea. When assessed, you note that the client appears fearful. What other factor must you consider when a client with cancer indicates signs of pain, nausea, and fear?

Fatigue

A client with a nagging cough makes an appointment to see the physician after reading that this symptom is one of the seven warning signs of cancer. What is another warning sign of cancer?

Indigestion

The nurse is describing some of the major characteristics of cancer to a client who has recently received a diagnosis of malignant melanoma. When differentiating between benign and malignant cancer cells, the nurse should explain differences in which of the following aspects? Select all that apply.

Rate of growth Ability to cause death Ability to spread

The nurse is caring for a client who has just been told that stage IV colon cancer has recurred and metastasized to the liver. The oncologist offers the client the option of surgery to treat the progression of this disease. What type of surgery does the oncologist offer?

Palliative

Which of the following is generally NOT considered to be a carcinogen?

Parasites

The nurse is preparing to assess a client whose chart documents that the client experienced extravasation when receiving the vesicant vincristine during the previous shift. The documentation also notes that an antidote was administered immediately. The nurse prepares to assess for which conditions? Select all that apply.

Sloughing tissue Tissue necrosis Effectiveness of the antidote

An oncology nurse is caring for a client who is taking antineoplastic agents. What symptoms would the nurse consider with tumor lysis syndrome when monitoring this client?

symptoms of gout

A bowel resection is scheduled for a client with the diagnosis of colon cancer with metastasis to the liver and bone. Which statement by the nurse best explains the purpose of the surgery?

"Tumor removal will promote comfort."