OpenStax Intro Psych Chapter 12

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect.

A. Asch

The ________ effect focuses on the influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment.

A. Asch

Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias?

A. Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.

What is the main point of the Stanford prison experiment?

A. social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

Which statement about groupthink is correct?

B. Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve.

C. just-world

What was the major flaw in the Stanford prison experiment?

D. Zimbardo did not use a control group.

Which type of persuasion involves an indirect route that relies on association of peripheral cues to associate positivity with a message?

D. peripheral route

Following an outcome, ________ are those attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light.

D. self-serving bias

Who was Stanley Milgram?

D. social psychology professor at Yale who wanted to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis

Who was the social psychology professor at Yale who designed an obedience study in order to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis?

B. Milgram

Tom believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and are a bad influence; however, he believes that Barnaby is unable to stop gambling because Barnaby is addicted to gambling. This is an example of ________.

B. actor-observer bias

The ________ is demonstrated by the attack on Kitty Genovese.

B. bystander effect

Don knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he continues to drink large amounts of liquor. He also thinks he is a smart person that makes good choices. Don feels some psychological discomfort from this contradiction, which is also called ________.

B. cognitive dissonance

Mona works at a bank. When Luis, a Colombian man, arrives to drop off his paycheck she pretends to be busy and directs him to another teller. She does this whenever a non-White person wants assistance. This is an example of ________.

B. discrimination

Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

B. foot-in-the-door

________ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group.

B. group polarization

Based on the discussion in your text, which of the following strategies would effectively reduce prejudice between groups?

B. having groups meet under equal terms and cooperate on a task

________ refers to prejudice and discrimination against individuals based solely on their same-sex orientation.

B. homophobia

Which type of social influence involves conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information?

B. informational

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a ________.

D. fundamental attribution error

Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of ________ social influence.

D. normative

In the United States, undocumented migrants are often blamed for high unemployment in the nation, although statistics show that high unemployment is not related to the number of undocumented migrants. In this example, undocumented migrants are victims of ________: the act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal.

D. scapegoating

What is a social role?

D. socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

Which of the following strategies would effectively reduce racism?

D. teaching children to think independently and challenge social norms that promote racism

Who conducted the Stanford prison experiment?

Zimbardo

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion?

A. anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

A(n) ________ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative.

A. attitude

Behavior is a product of both the situation and the person. Which of the following is an example of a situation that might influence behavior?

A. being in a crowd of bystanders when you witness someone fainting

Which type of persuasion involves logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an argument's worthiness?

A. central route

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________.

A. emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

Which statement about social psychology is most accurate?

C. People's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social situations

The Milgram experiment required the participation of a(n) ________ to play the part of the person being shocked because the experiment would be invalidated if the participant realized the electric shock treatment was faked.

C. confederate

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________.

C. diffusion of responsibility

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion?

C. getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether

Social psychology is a field that studies both interpersonal and intrapersonal behavior. Which of the following is an example of interpersonal behavior?

C. group processes

People view the Environmental Protection Agency as competent and believe they know correct information regarding what individuals should do to protect the environment, so they possess ________ social influence when it comes to enforcing a group norm of recycling.

C. informational

What is groupthink?

C. modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring?

C. seeking outside opinions on group decisions

Which of the following is an example of the self-fulfilling prophecy?

C. telling someone with dyslexia she cannot learn to read, leading her to become illiterate even though she could learn to read with a bit of extra effort