Operations management chapters 1-7 quiz practice

________ refers to evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events.

Attitude

________ explains the ways in which we judge people differently, depending on the meaning we assign to a given behavior.

Attribution theory

________ diversity refers to diversity with respect to attributes that are less easy to observe initially but that can be inferred after more direct experience.

Deep-level

________, which may occur intentionally or unintentionally, refers to keeping certain people in a work place away from job opportunities, social events, discussions, or informal mentoring.

Exclusion

________ refers to the tendency of people to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic.

Halo effect

Which of the following statements is an example of the behavioral component of an attitude?

I have decided to apply for the position of a campaigner in the climate department.

What is the major problem with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as a measure of personality?

It forces a person to be categorized as either one type or another.

Which of the following best defines organizational behavior?

It involves the study of what people do in a company and how it affects the company's performance.

________ refers to a positive feeling about one's job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics.

Job satisfaction

Ellen Ortiz works as a sales manager at a telecom firm. The company has recently launched a new product in the market. Her work in the next few weeks involves sharing knowledge about the product with her team members. She will also need to inspire them to reach their sales targets and clarify any doubts about the new product. Which of the following roles is Ortiz playing?

Leader

Which of the following personality traits indicates the degree to which a person is unemotional and pragmatic and believes that ends can justify means?

Machiavellianism

________ get things done through other people. They make decisions, allocate resources, and direct the activities of others to attain goals.

Managers

________ refers to feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus

Mood

Raylon Inc. is in the process of recruiting a new operations manager. The human resources team has narrowed the candidate list down to two candidates but cannot come to an agreement about whom to hire. Though both candidates have the relevant qualifications for the post, one will soon be 60 years old. The other candidate is in his early thirties. Rachel, a member of the HR team, recommends hiring the older candidate, citing his years of experience and leadership ability. Tim, on the other hand, strongly recommends that the company hire the younger candidate, as he is likely to be more flexible when it comes to working. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens Rachel's argument?

Most of the employees the operations manager will be supervising are under 30 years of age.

Which of the following statements is true regarding goal-setting theory?

People do better when they get feedback on how well they are progressing toward their goals.

________ is the degree to which employees believe the organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being.

Perceived organizational support

________ is the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.

Perception

_________ refers to an individuals belief that he or she is capable of performing a task

Self-efficacy

________ bias indicates the tendency of an individual to attribute his or her own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors.

Self-serving

________ diversity refers to diversity in observable attributes such as race, ethnicity, sex, and age.

Surface-level

according to goal-setting theory, goals are more likely to have a stronger impact on performance when _________.

Tasks are independent rather than interdependent

A survey of over 2,100 CFOs across 20 industries indicated that a lack of interpersonal skills is the top reason why some employees fail to advance. True or False

True

McClelland's theory is based on which of the following needs?

achievement, power, and affiliation

Which of the following is one of the five essentially universal emotions agreed on by a majority of researchers?

anger

As compared to high self-monitors, low self-monitors ________.

are less likely to emerge as leaders

A process of making decisions by constructing simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity is known as ________.

bounded rationality

The statement, "A person who eats meat and then fights for animal rights demonstrates double standards" is an evaluative statement. Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an attitude.

cognitive

Anna Jonas owns a manufacturing firm in Indonesia and strongly believes that it is important that workers' rights be respected. However, because of the recent economic meltdown, she makes the management pay workers a wage which is below ethical standards. In addition, the working conditions are below standards because of low investment in safety equipment. She knows her actions are unethical but continues to do so to avoid major losses. Jonas is most likely to be experiencing ________.

cognitive dissonance

Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results in ________.

cognitive dissonance

With reference to the Hofstede's Framework for Assessing Cultures, ________ emphasizes a tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them.

collectivism

Attribution theory suggests that when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused. That determination, however, depends largely on three factors. Which of the following is one of these three factors?

consistency

Which of the following is not an example of moral emotions?

contempt for those who behave ethically

Which of the following does systematic study use to look at relationships to attribute causes and effects?

data

The practice of modifying one's true feelings based on display rules is known as

deep acting

According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a(n) ________ is to transmit information received from outsiders or from other employees to members of the organization.

disseminator

Which of the following terms best describes an intense, discrete and short-lived feeling experiences that are often caused by a specific event?

emotion

Sally works as a customer care executive at a telecom office in Ohio. She often needs to interact with a regular customer and she finds him extremely annoying. However, because of the nature of her work, she conceals her emotions well and politely talks to him and clarifies all his questions. Which of the following is being experienced by Sally?

emotional dissonance

A situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work is known as ________.

emotional labor

Which of the following best represents deep-level similarity?

employees who seek challenges in assignments and like to work collaboratively

According to Albert Bandura, the most important source of increasing self-efficacy is _________.

enactive mastery

Jill Ivey has been working as a sales executive at Orbit Bank for the last two years. However, she has noticed that she is often not given an opportunity to attend training programs that her team members attend every quarter. She also is disappointed about the fact that she never gets to handle corporate clients, which provides better chances of a promotion. Which of the following kinds of discrimination is she most likely to have been subjected to?

exclusion

Ellen Athers works as a communication executive at a travel house. She is known to be friendly with her colleagues and interacts with them regularly to build strong work relationships. She knows that her rapport with her co-workers is a crucial part of her work and invests time in these relationships. In addition, she is assertive in making decisions, and colleagues take her decisions seriously. Which of the following types is Athers most likely to be characterized as according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?

extraverted

According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, employers are under no obligation to make accommodations for individuals with physical or mental disabilities. true or false

false

Which of the following is an example of the affective component of an attitude?

feeling hurt at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing

Wanda Elder works as a human resource executive. Being helpful is inherent in her nature, and she regularly interacts with employees, helping them understand their needs and easing difficulties. She reads emotional cues of people with ease and knows how to express her emotions without violating organizational norms. Which of the following is Elder characterized by?

high emotional intelligence

Employees with ________ strongly identify with and care about the kind of work they do.

high job involvement

Jane Hastings recently joined her first job as a communication executive and is working on creating press releases for an upcoming campaign. The campaign is getting launched publicly in the next week and Hastings will need to interact with the media and give sound bites on the issue. This is the first time she will be interacting with the press and she is experiencing emotions of anxiousness, nervousness, and stress. Which of the following mood dimensions is she experiencing?

high negative affect

With reference to the Hofstede's framework, a class or caste system that discourages upward mobility is more likely to exist in a nation that scores ________.

high on power distance

The ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other people, both individually and in groups, may be defined as ________.

human skills

According to Herzberg, when __________ are adequate, people won't be dissatisfied, but they will also not be satisfied.

hygiene factors

According to Milton Rokeach, ________ values refer to preferable modes of behavior.

instrumental

In a workplace, ________ involves overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees.

intimidation

According to Fred Luthans and his associates' study of 450 managers, ________ made the largest contribution to the success of managers in terms of speed of promotion within their organization.

networking

Which of the following is a factor present in a target which may affect a person's perception?

novelty

The ________ dimension of motivation measures how long a person can maintain effort.

persistence

Employees' beliefs in the degree to which they influence their work environment, their competence, the meaningfulness of their jobs, and their perceived autonomy is termed as ________.

psychological empowerment

According to the Big Five model, a highly conscientious person is most likely to be ________.

responsible, organized, and dependable

With reference to decision making, which of the following does satisficing involve?

seeking solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient

Individuals engage in ________ because it is impossible for them to assimilate everything they see and can take in only certain stimuli.

selective perception

which of the following is the highest level need in Maslow's theory?

self-actualization

which of the following theories proposes that people prefer to feel they have control over their actions, so anything that makes a previously enjoyed task feel more like an obligation than a freely chosen activity will undermine motivation?

self-determination theory

Which of the following is a terminal value according to Milton Rokeach?

self-improvement

Which of the following terms refers to the practice of hiding feelings and foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules?

surface acting

In order to predict human behavior, it is best to supplement intuitive opinions with information derived from ________.

systematic study

According to the two-factor theory, ________.

the aspects that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction

A positive diversity climate in an organization refers to an environment of inclusiveness and an acceptance of diversity. true or false

true

An organization is a consciously coordinated social unit composed of two or more people. true or false

true

Impaired hearing, rheumatoid arthritis, and insomnia are all examples of hidden disabilities. true or false

true

People's behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself. true or false

true

Which of the following terms describes basic convictions that "a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite mode of conduct"?

values