Oral Manifestations of AIDS

Lymphadenopathy

After seroconversion, HIV disease often remains silent except for persistent generalized ______. The most frequently involved sites are the poster and anterior cervical, submandibular, occipital, and axillary nodes.

Kaposi's Sarcoma

Due to HHV8, these lesions appear first as small red or purple patches, commonly on the palate, and later they become nodular

Salivary gland disease shows enlargement of this gland ____, 60% bilateral, and infiltrated with CD 8 lymphocytes and followed by lymphoepithelial cyst formation

Parotid gland

Candidiasis

The most common intraoral manifestation of HIV. Four clinical patterns seen are: pseudomembranous, erythematous, hyperplastic, and angular cheilitis.

Lymphoma (Non-Hodgkin's B-cell)

The second most common malignancy in HIV-individuals. Typically exhibited in extranodal locations. Clinically may resemble Kaposi's Sarcoma. Oral lesions present as a soft tissue enlargement on the palate or gingiva.

Oral Hairy Leukoplakia (OHL)

These are non-removable white plaques on the lateral tongue caused by Epstein-Barr Virus, often superimposed over candidiasis.

Molluscum contagiosum/poxvirus

These are small, waxy dome-shaped papules that often exhibit a central depressed crater. Patients may have hundreds of lesions with the tendency to undergo spontaneous resolution. Face usually involved.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

These exophytic lesions are solitary or multiple, and may resemble squamous papilloma, condyloma, or focal epithelial hyperplasia. They are seen in increased frequency intraorally compared to non-immunocompromised population.

Herpes simplex infection (HSV) and Varicella-zoster infection (VZV)

These lesions become more wide spread/the course becomes more severe.

Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP)

This is characterized by gingival ulceration and necrosis associated WITH rapidly progressing loss of attachment. Can lead to necrotizing stomatitis if the process extends away from the alveolar ridges.

Apthous Ulcerations

lesions similar to these ____ occur with increased frequency in patients with HIV.

HIV-associated periodontal disease includes:

linear gingival erythema that doesn't respond to plaque control, and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis W/OUT periodontal attachment loss

Oral Squamous Carcinoma is found here _____ in HIV-infected patients:

oral cavity, larynx, pharynx.

Histoplasmosis

with AIDS patients, this presents as one or multiple chronic, indurated mucosal ulceration with a raised border - present in any area of the oral mucosa. Intrabony infxn of the jaws has been reported