Org Beh Ch 2 Diversity in Organizations

________ may be defined as an individual's current capacity to perform the various tasks in a job.

A) Ability

________ is a dimension of intellectual ability which involves using logic to assess the implications of an argument.

A) Deductive reasoning

Which of the following is true with respect to workplace discrimination?

A) Discrimination occurs more at lower levels in the organization than higher levels. b. It may lead to reduced productivity and citizenship behavior. C) Only intentional discrimination is addressed by diversity management efforts. D) Forms of discrimination like exclusion are easy to root out. E) The discriminators are invariably aware of their action toward the victim.

Kimberly Ortiz strongly believes in working for a company which promotes diversity. She believes that such organizations are respectful of differences and allow employees more exposure. She recently attended an interview where she was told that the company follows policies which focus on organizational diversity. However, when she finally joined the company, she had a strong feeling that the company's claim was not true. Which of the following, if true, WEAKENS Kimberly's belief that the company does not encourage diversity?

A) Eighty-five percent of the top management positions in the company are held by men. B) She is the only African-American member in the entire workforce. c. The workforce is not dominated by any specific ethnic or racial group. D) The previous company she worked for made a conscious effort to employ an equal number of men and women. E) Her team members believe that they are treated equally in spite of differences in performance.

________ refers to an overall factor of intelligence as suggested by the positive correlations among specific intellectual ability dimensions.

A) General mental ability

________ refers to a dimension of intellectual ability which involves identifying a logical sequence in a problem and using this logical sequence to solve the problem.

A) Inductive reasoning

________ is a dimension of intellectual ability which refers to the ability to do speedy and accurate arithmetic.

A) Number aptitude

________ refers to the biological heritage people use to identify themselves.

A) Race

________ differences between people represent deep-level diversity.

A) Race B) Age C) Ethnicity D) Gender e. Personality

The human resources department of Orbit Bank believes in being unbiased toward all employees and treating them fairly. They believe it is crucial that the company treat all their employees equally. However Susan Daniels, an employee at the bank, recently filed a lawsuit against the company, claiming that she was discriminated against. Which of the following, if true, best justifies Susan's action?

A) The company did not give her preferential treatment even though she was from the host country. B) She was asked whether she was over eighteen during the first round in the interview process. C) Her colleagues expressed their dissatisfaction over their pay and severance packages. D) She had faced a similar situation of discrimination in her previous company. e. She was given the same incentives as her colleagues in spite of performing better than them.

Raylon Inc. is recruiting a new operations manager. The HR team has narrowed it to two candidates. Though both candidates have the relevant qualifications for the post, one will soon be 60 years old. The other is in his early 30's. Rachel, a member of the HR team, recommends hiring the OLDER candidate, citing his years of experience and leadership ability. Tim, on the other hand, strongly recommends that the company hire the younger candidate, as he is likely to be more flexible when it comes to working. Which of the following, if true, most STRENGTHENS Rachel's argument?

A) The job requires frequent travel around the company's six factories located across the country. b. Most of the employees the operations manager will be supervising are under 30 years of age. C) Research has shown that older workers are more prone to absenteeism for health-related issues. D) Almost half of the company's top managers are in the 45-65 age bracket. E) The company recently instituted a new production system that cuts waste by 30 percent.

Angela Wells recently applied for a job at Spiga, a lounge in Paris. Having worked in several restaurants and lounges in and across France, she was confident that she would get the job. However, soon after the interview, she was informed that another candidate was offered the job, even though the other candidate had limited experience in comparison to her. Angela feels that she was discriminated against. Which of the following, if true, would best justify Angela's assumption?

A) The woman who was selected over her could speak French fluently. b. Angela is a single mother with two young children. C) Angela does not have a degree in hospitality management. D) The lounge caters to elite business clientele in Paris. E) Angela learned of the position through a friend working at the lounge.

Raylon Inc. needs to hire a new floor supervisor. As the company has recently made an effort to increase diversity within the organization, the HR team wants to hire a qualified female candidate for the role instead of adequately qualified male candidates. However, top management insists that optimal performance is the top priority and that the candidate hired should be the person best suited for the job. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen HR's case for hiring the female candidate?

A) There are nearly as many female employees on the floor as male employees. B) The company has recently introduced policies that provide greater benefits for working and single mothers. C) Most of the top-level managers in the company are female. D) The company policy stipulates that each employee has to work at least one week per month on a night shift. e. Both candidates have the qualifications required to perform up to expectations

Which of the following is the most likely reason why employers should employ older workers?

A) They adjust to new technology promptly. b. Older workers have extensive work experience. C) Older workers are flexible and learn quickly. D) They have shorter tenures and hence lower pension benefits than younger workers. E) The rates of unavoidable absences are lower than those of younger workers.

Which of the following most likely indicates surface-level similarity?

A) Tim and Jake are colleagues who take risks and are quick decision makers. B) The employees at GenSys prefer teamwork over individual assignments. C) Nina and Chuck are colleagues who share similar views on corporate social responsibility. d. Jane and Sara grew up in the same town and went to school together. E) Hannah and Nate are both introspective and tend to be slow to reach decisions.

The ________ is the most widely used intelligence test in hiring decisions and takes only twelve minutes to be completed.

A) Wonderlic Cognitive Ability Test

Thurman Inc., a manufacturing company in Vermont, needs to hire employees for its new office in the city. The positions require the employees to travel across the country regularly. The management has specified that they are looking for employees below the age of 40 who are young and dynamic. Which of the following beliefs is the management most likely to hold?

A) Younger workers make stronger judgments. b. Younger workers are more flexible to change. C) Younger workers have more experience. D) Younger workers have stronger work ethics. E) Younger workers are more committed to quality.

Which of the following best represents deep-level similarity?

A) colleagues who both hail from the same neighborhood in Alabama B) employees who are college graduates with a degree in business management C) employees who speak Spanish and share similar religious values d. employees who seek challenges in assignments and like to work collaboratively E) employees in their mid-thirties with 10 years' work experience in the publishing industry

Jill has been working as a sales exec at Orbit Bank for the last two years. However, she has noticed that she is often not given an opportunity to attend training programs that her team members attend every quarter. She also is disappointed about the fact that she never gets to handle corporate clients, which provides better chances of a promotion. Which of the following kinds of discrimination is she most likely to have been subjected to?

A) exclusion

A difference in ________ would indicate deep-level diversity.

A) gender B) age C) ethnicity D) disability e. values

Which of the following is a biographical characteristic of an employee?

A) length of tenure

Lorna Perry, who works in a financial firm in Michigan, is required to calculate a large number of clients' accounts daily. She needs to tally figures and check accuracy at a high speed. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability does Perry most likely use?

A) number aptitude

Green Planet, an environmental organization, recently opened an office in Indonesia. The organization is currently looking for employees to staff a deforestation project in the country. They need to recruit individuals who understand the intricacies of Jakarta's culture and the mindset of the locals and are fluent in the local language. Which of the following are they most likely to consider while they recruit for these positions?

A) race

The physical ability that allows a body to continue maximum effort at maintaining prolonged effort over time is known as ________.

A) stamina

Which of the following best describes spatial visualization?

A) the ability to imagine how an object would look if its position were changed

________ is a dimension of intellectual ability which refers to the ability to understand what is read or heard and the relationship of words to each other.

B) Verbal comprehension

A market researcher who uses his ability to identify a logical sequence to predict demand for a new line of winter clothing is using the ________ dimension of intellectual ability.

B) inductive reasoning

Jeremy Samuels works in a police department in California. His job often requires him to observe clues that criminals leave behind. His job is to analyze these clues, which helps the department catch the criminal. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability does Samuels most likely have?

B) perceptual speed

Gina, an architect in California, is renovating an old school building and turning it into a retail and entertainment space. She must decide how the existing layout can be redesigned and modified to best suit the new uses. Which dimensions of intelligence will most help Gina re-imagine the existing building?

B) spatial visualization

Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as dynamic flexibility?

B) the ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements

________ refers to the ability to exert force against EXTERNAL objects.

C) Static strength

Which of the following is a kind of physical ability which refers to the ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements?

C) dynamic flexibility

Rene Cox works as a media officer in a global forest protection organization. Her job requires her to interact with a large number of people from the press with whom she needs to establish strong professional relationships. This requires her to remember a large number of people's names and the organizations with which they are associated. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability will best help her accomplish this task?

C) memory

Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as DYNAMIC strength?

C) the ability to exert muscular force repeatedly or continuously over time

________ may be referred to as the capacity to undertake tasks that demand stamina, dexterity, and strength.

D) Physical abilities

Which of the following explains why the relationship between age and job performance is likely to be of increasing importance during the next decade?

D) U.S. legislation, in effect, outlaws mandatory retirement.

The ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible is known as ________.

D) extent flexibility

Differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, age or disability that don't necessarily reflect the ways people think or feel but that may activate certain stereotypes.

D) surface-level diversity.

Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as TRUNK strength?

D) the ability to exert muscular strength using the abdominal muscles

Audrey is a renowned psychiatrist in New Jersey. While interacting with patients, she needs to understand their points of view by listening intently to what they say. It is important that she understands their problems so that she can offer advice. Audrey is using the ________ dimension of intellectual ability.

D) verbal comprehension

________ diversity refers to diversity with respect to attributes that are less easy to observe initially but that can be inferred after more direct experience.

Deep-level

The physical ability that allows a body to maintain equilibrium despite opposing forces is known as ________.

E) balance

Irene Jones, a project manager at a water conservation foundation, is holding a team meeting to discuss the different modes of spreading awareness about the issue of water conservation to the public. A team member, John Sullivan, states that using broadcasting media is the best way to reach out to the public. On the other hand, Pamela Riley states that print media is the right medium to spread word about the issue. Jones is now weighing the pros and cons of both her team members' suggestions before choosing the medium which will be most appropriate for the water conservation project. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability is Jones most likely to be using to make her decision?

E) deductive reasoning

T/F: A person suffering from alcoholism is not classified as disabled according to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, as alcoholism is self-induced.

False

T/F: According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, employers are under no obligation to make accommodations for individuals with physical or mental disabilities.

False

T/F: Demographics mostly reflect deep-level rather than surface-level diversity.

False

T/F: Diversity management refers to being unbiased by overlooking the differences between individuals in an organization.

False

T/F: Federal law in the United States prohibits discrimination against employees based on sexual orientation.

False

T/F: Memory is not a component of intelligence and is considered as a separate faculty.

False

T/F: Older people are more likely to quit and change jobs than younger employees.

False

T/F: Recent U.S. legislation has instituted mandatory retirement at 70 in order to ensure that jobs are available for younger workers.

False

T/F: Religious discrimination claims have been a shrinking source of discrimination claims in the United States.

False

T/F: Targeting recruiting messages to specific demographic groups underrepresented in the workforce is an example of unfair discrimination.

False

T/F: The U.S. Bureau of the Census does not allow for classification of individuals by race.

False

T/F: The less complex a job in terms of information-processing demands, the more general intelligence and verbal abilities are necessary to perform successfully.

False

T/F: There has been a significant decrease in the female participation in the workforce over the past 40 years.

False

T/F: There is a strong correlation between intelligence and job satisfaction.

False

T/F: Two colleagues who bond over similarities of growing up in a French-speaking locality can be said to have deep-level similarities rather than surface-level similarities.

False

T/F: Unfair discrimination involves noticing and being aware of individual characteristics among people in a group.

False

T/F: Studies show that satisfaction tends to continually increase among nonprofessionals as they age, whereas it falls among professionals during middle age and then rises again in the later years.

False (it actually decreases w/ unprof and increases w/ prof)

________ diversity refers to diversity in observable attributes such as race, ethnicity, sex, and age.

Surface-level

T/F: A diversity program effective in improving representation in management is a strategy to measure the representation of minorities in managerial positions.

True

T/F: Denying overseas assignments to certain deserving employees over others is a form of exclusion, a kind of workplace discrimination.

True

T/F: Differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, and disability, give rise to surface-level diversity.

True

T/F: Effective diversity management involves eliminating unfair discrimination.

True

T/F: Hispanics can be of any race.

True

T/F: In general, older employees have lower rates of avoidable absence than do younger employees. However, they have equal rates of unavoidable absence, such as sickness absences.

True

T/F: Over the past 50 years, the earnings gap between whites and other racial and ethnic groups has decreased significantly.

True

T/F: Physical abilities may be defined as the capacity to do tasks that demand stamina, dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics.

True

T/F: Women being passed over for promotion even when they are performing better than men is an example of a discriminatory practice.

True

T/F: Inductive reasoning is the ability to identify a logical sequence in a problem and then solve the problem,

True,

T/F: Perceptual speed is the ability to identify visual similarities and differences quickly and accurately.

True.

T/F: The structures and measures of intellectual abilities generalize across cultures..

True..

T/F: A method of enhancing workforce diversity is to target recruiting messages to specific demographic groups who are underrepresented in the workforce:

True:

Which of the following is the best example of the use of intimidation?

a. Anya's boss sets difficult targets and hints that Anya may lose her job if she doesn't meet them. B) Jill's manager rarely considers her business ideas, but he consistently praises the contributions of Jill's colleague, Emily. C) Natasha's colleagues often make jokes using cultural or ethnic stereotypes. D) Although Kathleen had spent a longer time in the organization, her colleague Gary was promoted to a management position. E) Jane's colleagues recently forgot to invite her to a team lunch, a fact that caused her great distress.

________, which may occur intentionally or unintentionally, refers to keeping certain people in the work place away from job opportunities, social events, discussions, or informal mentoring.

a. Exclusion

Which of the following is the best example of mockery as a tool of discriminatory treatment in organizations?

a. Rifka's supervisor often stereotypes Rifka because of her ethnic heritage and makes jokes about her ethnicity. B) Because she is considerably older than the rest of her team, Hannah's colleagues often do not invite her to team lunches or informal team get-togethers. C) Joan's boss sets impossible targets and reprimands her in front of her colleagues if she fails to complete them on time. D) Sheena is the only African-American employee in her department and often feels left out of office jokes and gossip. E) Most of Leanne's co-workers are male and share inappropriate jokes at the office.

In a workplace, ________ involves overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees.

a. intimidation

Which of the following refers to a kind of discrimination which refers to overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees?

a. intimidation

Hazel has been working at her company for the past two years and consistently gets yelled at by her manager even when she is not at fault. He often makes derogatory references to her ethnicity. Which of the following kinds of discrimination is she most likely to report to the human resource department in such a situation?

a. intimidation B) sexual harassment C) hazing D) mobbing E) whistle-blowing

A person who is made fun of because he is an Arab-American is being subjected to ________, a kind of discrimination in work environments.

a. mockery

Stacy Hanes is an African-American woman who has recently taken her first job and does not seem to like the work environment at all. Her colleagues put down her ideas at team meetings and refer to them as "stupid." In addition, they make fun of her race and often ask her if she is educated enough to work for the company. Which of the following kinds of discrimination is Hanes most likely subject to?

a. mockery

April's colleague Nathan has consistently pestered her to go out on a date with him. Though she has refused his offer several times, he keeps persisting. She intends to discuss the matter with human resource. Which of the following forms of discrimination is April most likely to cite?

a. sexual harassment

Ethnicity

additional set of cultural characteristics that often overlap with race; culture

Malcolm Industries recently hired a large number of workers for the company's new construction factory in Colorado. During the hiring process, the management made a clear effort to recruit physically strong individuals because the work at the factory involves manual labor. The jobs need to be performed by individuals who have the energy and physical stamina to work for long hours. What surface-level characteristics did the company most likely concentrate on when selecting the new workers?

age

Differences in ________ indicate surface-level diversity.

d) ethnicity

Which of the following is true with respect to surface-level diversity?

d. It refers to differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender and race.

surface-level diversity

differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, or disability, that do not necessarily reflect the ways people think or feel but that may activate certain stereotypes

deep-level diversity

differences in values, personality, and work preferences that become progressively more important for determining similarity as people get to know one another better

The management at Climate Action Development needs to recruit campaign managers for its Renewable Energy Project. They are looking for candidates who are assertive, extroverted, and who can tackle challenges head-on. Which of the following deep-level characteristics should they focus on to best help them recruit the right candidate for the job?

e. personality

Women being assigned marginal job roles that do not lead to promotion is an example of the ________ form of discrimination.

exclusion

Positive Diversity Climate

in an organization, an environment of inclusiveness and an acceptance of diversity

Discrimination

noting of a difference between things; often we refer to unfair discrimination (judging people based on stereotype regarding their demographic group

Biographical Characteristics

personal characteristics - such as age, gender, race, and length of tenure - that are objective and easily obtained from personnel records. these characteristics are representative of surface-level diversity

stereotype threat

the degree to which we internally agree with the generally negative stereotyped perception of our group

Race

the heritage people use to identify themselves; biology

t/f: Improving recruiting practices and making selection systems more transparent are ways of preventing target groups from being underutilized.

true