org behavior final
Adhocracy- create (flexible, external)
Adaptability, creativity, agility
What are three things you can do to positively impact your personal and professional life?
Asses your level of fit with current and future employers. Engage in regular contact with people in your developmental network. Take ownership for enhancing your skills, abilities, and developmental networks.
Why is it important to reflect on your own person-organization (P-O) fit?
P-O fit is closely connected to work attitudes and performance.
What translates a company's strategy and vision into a comprehensive set of performance measures that provides the framework for a strategic measurement and management system?
balanced scorecard
types of outcomes in model of organizational structure
behavioral and affective
Which of the following can external forces for change do to a company?
cause its demise provide opportunities to grow
Kotter proposed an eight-step process for leading organizational ______.
change
What is it called when a mentor provides advice to a protege about developing additional skills?
coaching
Through innovation, an organization makes money by doing what?
connecting to the customer
Organizations learn by using which independent subprocesses?
information acquisition knowledge integration information distribution information interpretation organizational memory
The creation of something new that makes money is called an
innovation
What is a key driver of long-term organizational performance?
innovation
What type of system acts as a coherent set of interdependent processes and structures that dictates how the company searches for novel problems and solutions?
innovation
In the systems model of change, what do mission, vision, readiness, internal strengths, and external threats represent?
inputs
What do you call changes that come from inside the organization?
internal forces for change
internal forces of change.
job dissatisfaction productivity reward systems
A(n) ________ organization is one that proactively creates, acquires and transfers knowledge and that changes its behavior on the basis of new knowledge and insights.
learning
A balanced scorecard examines an organization from which perspectives?
learning and growth financial customer
Observable artifacts that can be present in a firm's culture are:
manner of dress special parking spaces awards
Companies with a(n) ____ culture have a strong external focus and value stability and control.
market
The structure that combines a vertical structure with an equally strong horizontal overlay is a called a(n)
matrix structure.
resources needed to support innovation.
necessary human capital required structure and process right culture and climate appropriate resources
What kinds of emotions tend to travel faster and farther within an organization?
negative emotions
The change model based on the idea that any change has a cascading effect throughout a firm is called a
systems model
What are the three characteristics that all organizations share?
the goal of being effective a structure that serves as a fingerprint the idea that innovation is crucial to remain in business
The expanded view of resistance states that it is caused by the interaction between the changer, the change recipient, and:
the relationships between the change recipients and change agents
Why do companies such as Experian emphasize collaboration?
to model and empower organizational change through networking
True or false: Formal statements of organizational philosophy can embed culture when used for recruiting.
true
How does organizational socialization embed their cultures in new employees?
By promoting and reinforcing core values and beliefs
Hierarchy- control (stable, internal)
Capable processes, consistency process control, measurement
What questions should you address when applying the systems model of change?
Change how? Change what? Why change?
Clan- collaborate (flexible, internal)
Cohesion, participation, communication, empowerment
Market- compete (stabile, external)
Customer focus, productivity, enhancing competitiveness
what determines the development of subcultures?
Divisions or departments Occupational groups Products and technologies
correct sequence to represent the drivers and flow of organizational culture.
Drivers of Culture Organizational Culture Organizational Structure and Internal Processes Group and Social Processes Work Attitudes and Behaviors Outcomes
When confronting failure, what do experts suggest you do?
Fail productively. Talk about it. Choose who you share it with.
What can be achieved by talking about a failure?
Gain another person's perspective. Own your mistakes. Recognize your vulnerabilities.
4 characteristics of organizational culture
Shared concept Learned over time Influences our behavior at work Impacts outcomes at multiple levels
Which kind of reward would be best suited for a clan culture? Multiple choice question.
Stock shares that increase when an entire division performs well
horizontal management focus
Team- and process-orientation 1980s
Why are stories, legends and myths considered powerful ways to communicate desired values and behaviors in an organization?
They reinforce characteristics of the desired culture.
Why might a company choose an open office layout?
To foster collaboration and innovation
To which degree do the three general types of organizational change differ?
Uncertainty Cost Complexity
What is the technology called that tracks current sales data, issues with quality, employee turnover, as well as other forms of aggregated real-time corporate data?
a dashboard
What is a key risk of neglecting to integrate subcultures within high-risk industries?
a failure to interpret and implement safety measures
three types of organizational change.
adaptive change, innovative change, radically innovative change
One lesson from the competing values framework is that innovation and operational outcomes are linked to characteristics associated with which cultures?
adhocracy clan market
What is needed across internal characteristics for organizations to achieve higher performance?
alignment
The phase of organizational socialization that occurs before an individual actually joins an organization is
anticipatory socialization.
The physical manifestation of an organization's culture is referred to as
artifacts
What are the two methods for applying the systems model of change?
as a way to identify targets of change as an aid during the strategic planning process
Organizations that are structured to fit the demands of the situation are said to follow the ____ approach to organization design.
contingency
What factors need to be considered when dealing with different types of change--adaptive, innovative, and radical?
cost perceived associated threats complexity
According to Edgar Schein, the most important role of an organization's leader is
creating and managing organizational culture.
Which external pressures can be strong enough to force change in business practices?
demographic characteristics technological advancements shareholder, customer and market changes social, political and regulatory
The component of OD that looks for problems and causes is called ______.
diagnosis
When employees are segregated into organization groups based on similar products or services, customers or clients or geographic regions the firm is said to have a(n) __________ structure.
divisional
One of the conclusions of the competing values framework is that organizational culture is related to measures of organizational
effectiveness
What characteristics need to be aligned for an organization to maximize performance?
employees' human and social capital human resource practices and policies strategy and structure
The explicitly stated values and norms that are preferred by an organization are called
espoused values.
Stress that is associated with positive emotions and outcomes is called:
eustress
Determining whether an intervention is working is the component of OD called ________.
evaluation
____ forces originate outside of the organization.
external
True or false: Employees grouped by geographic region are in a functional structure.
false, Employees in a regional grouping are in a divisional structure.
mechanisms for changing organizational culture
formal statements design of physical space, work environment and buildings slogans, language, acronyms and sayings deliberate role of modeling, training programs, teaching and coaching by others explicit rewards, status symbols and promotion criteria stories, legends or myths about key people or events organizational activities, processes or outcomes leader reactions to critical incidents and organizational crises rites and rituals work flow and organizational structure organizational systems and procedures organizational goals and criteria throughout employee circle (hire to retire)
An organization that groups all of its marketers in one department, its finance people in another, and product designers in another is which type of organizational structure?
functional
affective outcomes
generally satisfied internally motivated to work high job involvement
What do many CEOs believe is the essence of the best companies?
great company culture
Mechanistic organizations typically have a ____ culture and organizational design.
hierarchical
four basic dimensions of organizational structure.
hierarchy of authority division of labor spans of control line and staff positions
internal forces that can cause businesses to change?
human resource problems/prospects managerial behavior/decisions
Kotter believes that change most often fails not because of poor planning but because of ineffective ________.
implementation
____ innovations are more incremental and are less likely to generate significant amounts of new revenue.
improvement
A focus on existing customers and optimizing existing product/services for them specifically is called
improvement innovation
A focus on existing customers and optimizing existing product/services for them specifically is called:
improvement innovation
Role conflict, role ambiguity, and job security are examples of stressors at what level?
individual
A(n) ____ system organization depends on constant interaction with the environment for survival.
open
Determining how great a role the environment plays on an organization determines its status as a(n)
open or closed system.
What type of office design do companies use to improve cooperative behavior and camaraderie as well as achieve cost reductions?
open-office design
open management focus
opened beyond organizational boundaries Since mid-1990s
A system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more persons is called a(n)
organization
The phrase "consciously coordinated" is key to the definition of a(n)
organization
To the casual observer, the term ____ ____ means a family tree-like pattern of boxes and lines posted on workplace walls.
organization chart
A model of occupational stress suggests that potential stressors can be at which levels?
organizational individual group extra-organizational
The general idea behind ____ ____ is that firms are more successful and effective when their structure supports the execution of corporate strategies
organizational design
The structure of accountability and responsibility used to develop and implement strategies, and the human resource practices and information and business processes that activate those structures is called:
organizational design
The process by which a person learns the values, norms and required behaviors which permit him to participate as a member of the organization is called
organizational socialization
Research suggests that the emotions exhibited by leaders cause employees to
pay attention and learn.
behavioral outcomes
performs role assignments remains with organization spontaneously innovates and cooperates
Formal statements in an organization are those about organizational:
philosophy, mission, vision, values and materials
common, effective stress-reduction techniques?
play regular breaks meditation
When employees show up to work but are sick or otherwise in no condition to work productively this is called
presenteeism
Perceptions of whether a stressor is irrelevant, positive, or negative is called:
primary appraisal
What managed by a dashboard, is crucial for evidence-based management?
real-world data
Any thought, emotion, or behavior that does not align with changes to existing routines is called:
resistance to change
The notion that people resist both actual and potential events is known as:
resistance to change
What are considered one of the strongest ways to embed organizational culture because they are meaningful and visible?
reward systems
What are the planned and unplanned activities and ceremonies that are used to celebrate important events or achievements called?
rites and rituals
3-step organizational socialization process
1. anticipatory socialization 2. encounter 3. change and acquisition
3 levels of organizational culture
1. observable artifacts 2. espoused values 3. basic assumptions
four functions of organizational culture
1. organizational identity 2. collective commitment 3. social system stability 4. sense-making device
important characteristics of organizational culture.
influences our behavior at work shared concept learned over time impacts outcomes at multiple levels
Perceptions of how able you are to deal with a given demand is called:
secondary appraisal
Cultural change in an organization can be achieved through changing the firm's ________ because they are easy to recall and perpetuate.
slogans and acronyms
career functions of mentoring.
sponsorship, exposure and visibility, coaching, protection, challenging assignments
Culture "eats" what for breakfast?
strategy
What are the key contingency factors to consider when making decisions about organization design?
strategy and goals market uncertainty decision-making process technology size
What are the key aspects of an effective vision?
It outlines how to achieve a desirable future. It helps describe a desirable future.
traditional management focus
Self-contained within organization's boundaries Mid-1800s through 1970s
Companies with an internal focus with a value on flexibility rather than stability and control are said to have a(n) _____ culture.
clan
Which forms of language help reinforce characteristics of a desired culture?
legends about important events myths about company history stories about key people
The competing values framework teaches us that companies with a ____ culture tend to have more positive organizational outcomes.
market
Organizations with rigid bureaucracies, strict rules, narrowly defined tasks, and top-down communication are called _____ organizations.
mechanistic
The process of forming and maintaining an intensive and lasting developmental relationship between a variety of developers and a junior person is called
mentoring
What is the blurb that states the reason for the organization's existence?
mission statement
What is the visual representation of a company's critical objectives and the crucial relationships among them that drive organizational performance?
strategy map
An open-office plan results in what?
stress due to overstimulation limited ability to focus due to distractions lack of privacy
A ______ approach to change can be used to figure out what to change and to determine how to evaluate the success of a change effort.
systems
stages in Lewin's change model.
unfreezing, changing, refreezing
A company's _______ describes a compelling future state.
vision