Organismal Relationships

symbiosis

an interaction that occurs when two or more organisms live together within an ecosystem

Which of the following is not an example of predation?

b. A tree obtaining nutrients from the soil

Which of the following is not a possible long-term consequence of two organisms occupying the same niche?

b. Adaptation

The Great Burdock plant's seeds have spines on them that attach to the fur of animals that brush against it. The seed then travels with the animal until it eventually falls off, which spreads the plant's seeds farther than the plant could have done. What type of symbiotic relationship is this?

b. Commensalism

Living organisms interact in a variety of ways for a variety of purposes. The imperial shrimp rides on sea cucumbers as they travel underwater. This interaction enables the shrimp to use little to no energy to move between the areas in which it feeds. The sea cucumber is typically unaware that the shrimp is using it for transport. Which type of interaction occurs between the imperial shrimp and its host organism?

b. commensalism

Interactions between organisms and their environment impact the organism's overall population. Oahu Amakihi and Kauai Amakihi are two closely related species of Hawaiian honeycreepers. They have a common ancestor, eat small insects and nectar, and like to nest in koa trees. However, one species is found on the island of Oahu, while the other is found on the island of Kauai. Which concept is shown by the relationship between the Oahu Amakihi and the Kauai Amakihi?

b. competitive exclusion

What are the three types of symbiosis?

b. mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism

The Hawaiian Islands are home to many endangered species. Why do you think the Hawaii Department of Agriculture is so strict about allowing nonnative species onto the islands?

c. It is so strict because a foreign species could compete with a native species and drive it to extinction.

The organism P. malariae lives in red blood cells, causing the host organism to experience high fevers and chills. What type of relationship is this?

c. Parasitism

What are the three types of interactions between organisms in an ecosystem?

c. competition, predation, and symbiosis

Interactions between organisms and their environment impact the organism's overall population. The jaguar Panthera onca is the largest cat found in North America. It is found in areas across the Southwest, including Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. It is a carnivore with powerful jaws and sharp teeth. Which concept is shown by the relationship between the jaguar and deer?

c. predator-prey

Many dogs bark when unknown individuals approach their house. What type of interaction is this?

d. Competition

The competitive exclusion principle states that _______.

d. when two organisms attempt to fill the same niche, one will exclude the other from the ecosystem

Territorial behavior does not extend to organisms of different species.

false

The competitive exclusion principle states that two organisms cannot fill similar niches.

false

The terms commensalism and mutualism have the same meaning and are interchangeable.

false

predation

occurs when one organism consumes another organism to obtain energy

niche

role of an organism in an ecosystem

Competitive Exclusion Principle

states that no two organisms can fill the same niche in a given ecosystem at the same time

Some types of organisms obtain needed energy through predation.

true

The competitive exclusion principle can lead to adaptation of organisms trying to occupy the same niche.

true

The competitive exclusion principle states that two organisms cannot fill the same niche.

true

Competitive exclusion occurs when _______.

a. organisms attempt to fill the same niche

Which of the following scenarios is representative of mutualism?

a. Barnacles living on whales

Which of the following scenarios is representative of parasitism?

a. Tapeworms living in a mammal's intestinal tract

Which of the following is an example of symbiosis?

a. barnacles living on a whale's skin

What is the difference between commensalism and mutualism?

In commensalism one of the organisms benefits while the other receives no benefit but is unharmed. In mutualism, both organisms benefit.

It is beneficial for plants to have their seeds dispersed to reduce competition. Explain how a bird eating fruit is an example of mutualism.

It is considered that a bird eating fruit is an example of a mutualism because the birds acquire energy and nutrients from the fruits that it is consuming. At the same time, birds help in dispersing these seeds to different areas.

Which of the following is an example of a niche?

Not(d. Two birds flying in the air.)

What are three reasons that organisms interact?

Organisms interact because of mating, competition for food resources, defense, and assertion of dominance.

Animals marking their territory with urine is an example of _______.

a. competition

Explain how parasitism differs from commensalism.

Parasitism and commensalism both benefit one organism, but in parasitism the second organism is affected while in commensalism it is not.

What are three possible long-term consequences of two species occupying the same niche?

The species that is being excluded from the niche can either adapt in the long term to occupy another similar niche, migrate to a new area, or it can die out.

Why is it that two species cannot occupy the same niche for an extended period of time?

Two species occupying the same niche will be competing for the same food resource. Since the resource is limited, the stronger species will have more access to the food resource and will drive the other species to exclusion from that niche.

territoriality

a type of competition that occurs between male animals of the same species for the purpose of determining dominance and can include fighting, sound, or scent

mutualism

a type of symbiosis where both organisms benefit from the relationship

commensalism

a type of symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits from its association with another organism, while the second organism is neither helped nor harmed

parasitism

a type of symbiotic relationship in which one organism will benefit from its association with another organism and will harm the second organism