Organizational Behavior - Chapter 15

In which type of conflict culture are employees the most likely to respond to conflict by giving in to another's point of view?

Avoidant

A(n) _____ conflict culture is active and disagreeable.

dominating

Saria, a new employee at Epoch Systems, notices that whenever the veteran coworkers are asked for help, no matter how busy they are with their own work, they always cheerfully pitch in. This quality of Epoch's employees is an _____ of Epoch's organizational culture.

enacted value

After starting her new job at Epoch Systems, Saria receives a new employee guidebook which states, "Always put the customer first." Putting the customer first is therefore an _____ of Epoch's organizational culture.

espoused value

Incremental innovation occurs when:

an existing innovation is enhanced to a degree.

A _____ conflict culture is passive and disagreeable.

passive-aggressive

The process of changing an organizational culture most closely parallels which of the following?

A great deal of force is needed to bend an iron rod. After the iron rod is bent, it is very difficult to bend back.

Which of the following would have the LEAST beneficial impact on an organization's performance?

A strong, negative culture

Which of the following would have the most beneficial impact on an organization's performance?

A strong, positive culture

Which of the following would be the most beneficial for an organization that must constantly adapt to a shifting environment?

A weak, positive culture

_____ conflict management norms resolve conflict openly.

Active

_____ conflict management norms address conflict cooperatively.

Agreeable

Which component of an organization's culture is the most tangible?

Artifact

Which component of an organization's culture is the LEAST tangible?

Assumption

Which component of an organization's culture is the most difficult to change?

Assumptions

Which of the following does NOT fit the profile of an entrepreneur?

Caution

Which type of conflict culture encourages employees to actively manage and resolve conflicts cooperatively to find the best solution for all involved parties?

Collaborative

_____ make up an inner layer of organizational culture.

Core ideologies

Which of the following is the most common means of developing innovation in the traditional organization?

Corporate research

Research suggests that organization culture is understood and communicated through the use of symbolic media. Correspondingly, managers wishing to change an organization's culture should do which of the following?

Create situations that give rise to new stories supporting the new culture

Systems innovation occurs when:

an existing innovation is assembled in new ways to create new functionality.

_____ conflict management norms address conflict competitively.

Disagreeable

The invention of the steam engine in 1781 by James Watt paved the way for the Industrial Revolution. Watt's invention constituted which type of innovation?

Disruptive

Which type of innovation is the hardest to achieve?

Disruptive

_____ innovation constitutes a major breakthrough and creates new industries.

Disruptive

Which type of conflict culture encourages hostility and threats?

Dominating

_____ are the actual values and norms explicitly stated by the organization.

Enacted values and norms

Which component of an organization's culture is the LEAST difficult to change?

Espoused values

_____ are the preferred values and norms explicitly stated by the organization.

Espoused values and norms

Which of the following is an example of an incremental innovation?

Everard Calthrop invents an airplane ejection seat using compressed air.

Which of the following is the most significant factor affecting the organizational socialization of new employees?

Examples set by veteran employees

Tim: "Changing an organization's culture is like losing weight: It's difficult and it can be done, but the effect is usually temporary. Most organizations who dramatically alter their corporate culture eventually revert to the culture they began with, just as most people who lose weight eventually gain it back."

Incorrect, because changing an organization's culture, unlike gaining back lost weight, is very difficult..

Amir's company specializes in the optimization of graphics cards, making them faster, cheaper, and more resilient. This is an example of which type of innovation?

Incremental

The invention of the steam engine in 1781 by James Watt paved the way for the Industrial Revolution. Beginning in the early 1800s, inventors began finding ways to apply the steam engine to carriages, creating the first gas-powered automobiles. In 1903, Mary Anderson invented the windshield wiper blade, allowing drivers to drive in the rain without being blind. Anderson's invention of the windshield wiper constituted what type of innovation?

Incremental

Which type of innovation is the easiest to achieve?

Incremental

_____ innovation continues the technical improvement and extends the applications of other innovations.

Incremental

_____ make up an outer layer of organizational culture.

Marketing strategies

Which of the following fits the profile of an entrepreneur?

Need for achievement

_____ is the process through which employees learn about their organization's culture and pass their knowledge and understanding on to others.

Organizational socialization

_____ conflict management norms have an evasive attitude toward conflict.

Passive

In which type of conflict culture are employees the most likely to respond to conflict by withdrawing from work and from interactions with coworkers?

Passive-aggressive

Which type of conflict culture develops norms to handle conflict via inactive resistance?

Passive-aggressive

Which type of conflict culture is the most likely to establish the silent treatment as a norm for responding to conflict?

Passive-aggressive

_____ innovation constitutes a major breakthrough and creates new industries.

Radical

Which of the following is an example of a systems innovation?

Roland Garros brings a machine gun aboard a plane and shoots through the propellers, creating the first fighter aircraft.

_____ is the process through which people become social beings.

Socialization

Which of the following is a true statement about the relationship between an organization's cultural values and its performance?

Some cultural values enhance performance while others reduce it, and organizations with performance-reducing values will struggle.

The invention of the steam engine in 1781 by James Watt paved the way for the Industrial Revolution. Beginning in the early 1800s, inventors began finding ways to apply the steam engine to carriages, creating the first gas-powered automobiles. This application of the steam engine constituted what type of innovation?

Systems

_____ innovation is the creation of new functionality by assembling parts in new ways.

Systems

Which of the following is an example of a radical innovation?

The Wright Brothers invent the airplane.

A new employee sees a veteran employee perform a behavior contrary to that expressed in the company's code of conduct. This observation is most likely to have which of the following effects on the new employee's organizational socialization?

The new employee will be socialized to follow the example set by the veteran employee.

Which of the following is NOT true about strong cultures?

They are internally inconsistent.

Which of the following is a best practice for enhancing a company's culture through the use of intranets?

Update the intranet frequently, even multiple times a day if appropriate.

When is intrapreneurship most effective?

When it is part of everyday life in the organization

Intrapreneurship is most likely to be effective under which of the following circumstances?

When it occurs throughout the organization

Radical innovation occurs when:

a whole industry is created.

According to company legend, the founder of Epoch Systems came up with the name for her company while reading a dictionary. She saw that epoch meant "the beginning of a distinctive period in the history of anything" and, figuring that her new company would mark the beginning of a distinctive period in the history of medical software, named her fledgling company accordingly. This legend is an example of an:

artifact

A physical manifestation of an organization's culture is known as an:

artifact.

Saria works at Epoch Systems, where she grudgingly follows a strict dress code. The dress code is an:

artifact.

The ultimate source of behaviors are:

assumptions.

Values and norms that have become so taken for granted over time that they become the core of the company's culture are called:

assumptions.

A(n) _____ conflict culture is passive and agreeable.

avoidant

A(n) _____ conflict culture strives to preserve order, control, harmony, and interpersonal relationships.

avoidant

Evading open discussion of the conflict issue in an effort to preserve harmony is most common within _____ conflict cultures.

avoidant

A company that wants to promote a culture of openness and teamwork should ensure that its intranet has a _____ scope.

broad

A(n) _____ conflict culture is active and agreeable.

collaborative

The primary consequence of organizational socialization for many employees is that it helps them:

cope with the differences between their values and the organization's.

The creation and management of new business ventures that takes place within the context of a corporation is known as:

intrapreneurship

Each of the following is a reason organizational culture resists change EXCEPT:

it enhances organizational performance.

An organization's culture of inclusion reflects the extent to which:

majority members value efforts to increase minority representation.

In complex societies, the socialization process takes:

more than one year.

Weak cultures are generally:

quick to change.

Strong cultures are generally:

slow to change.

Culture boosts organizational performance when it is each of the following EXCEPT:

stable..

An organization's culture of inclusion reflects the extent to which:

the qualifications and abilities of minority members are questioned.