Osteoporosis Risk Factors and Treatment

Treatment

Calcium, Vitamin D, exercise, Biphosphonates to inhibit bone loss

Sites

Cancellous compartment of vertebral bone affected first

Microscopic description

END

Menopause

Estrogen deficiency increases osteoclast activity

Radiology description

Flattening of vertebral bodies, widening of intervertebral discs

Secondary causes

Identifiable conditions like endocrine disorders, neoplasms, and drug effects

Diagnosis

Iliac crest biopsy

Bone mass

Peak in young adults, influenced by physical activity and diet

Primary causes

Postmenopausal, older age, idiopathic

Osteopenia

Radiologic decrease in skeletal density

Age related changes

Reduced osteoblast potential in the elderly

Immobilization

Reduces skeletal mass; mechanical forces stimulate bone remodeling

Osteoporosis

Reduction in bone mass, increased porosity, leading to fractures

Gross description

Thin trabeculae disconnected, increased osteoclastic activity

Genetics

Vitamin D receptor variation affects peak bone mass

Other risk factors

Whites/Asians, smoking, alcohol abuse