OT 513 final quiz questions

Alcohol can:

-Improve one's immune response by decreasing feelings of stress - Increase CRH release from the hypothalamus to the pituitary

Why do we appear to crave high-fat, high calorie food under stress?

-under chronic stress, the body is tricked into thinking it needs lots of calories to deal with the "threats" in the environment -they trigger stimulation of dopamine and seratonin receptors in the brain, associated with feel-good sensations

Guffaw means _______________ and is associated with______

A type of whole-hearted, mirthful and boisterous laughter; increased numbers of NK cells in the immune system

Excess amounts of these foods are thought to augment the stress response.

A, B, and D

Which of the following is not a mineral that is depleted when a person experiences long-term stress?

Aluminum

Sleep and stress are entwined together in a "viscious cycle" per Sapolsky. Why?

Because lack of sleep causes stress and stress itself leads to poor sleep.

This chemical agent is thought to be associated with "runner's high."

Beta-endorphin

Exercise over 20 minutes in duration employs this energy source.

Carbohydrates and fats

A primary reason for long-lasting throbbing pain is to:

Change one's behavior, in order to facilitate healing

Short term stress can ____________________ memory, while chronic stress can________________.

Correct Answer enhance/improve; impair it

This substance is associated with weight gain.

Cortisol

Taking steroid medications:

Could impair one's memory

When are you most likely to develop an ulcer related to stress?

During a rebound, nonstressed period.

If you want to sleep better, you should:

Exercise (but not ~3 hours before bed), have no caffeine after dinner, and then go to bed only when you are ready to sleep

An accurate statement about links between schizophrenia and stress would be:

In addition to having a vulnerability for the disease, a person needs to experience a stressor around the time of most vulnerability...typically adolescence/early adulthood.

Where does digestion begin?

In the mouth through saliva.

All of the following are recommended to help boost your immune system except:

Increase your consumption of alcohol

These two substances work synergistically to regulate eating behavior. Relatively speaking, Ghrelin ____________ and Leptin______________.

Increases appetite; tells us when we have eaten enough

Ways in which stress can negatively impact sleep include:

It can make sleep more light and vigilant It can impact the ease with which you fall asleep

One way in which humor is thought to effect changes in the body is by:

Lowering the level of stress hormones in the body

Purposes of sleep include:

Memory consolidation, replenishment of glucose and neurotransmitters in the brain, problem solving, and mental exercise

The stress response can be lethal. An example of this is what happens to:

Salmon

One plausible theory about humor is that:

Seeing things with a sense of humor imparts a degree of control over how a person responds to a situation, which in turn reduces stress

Killer T (T cytotoxic) cells in the immune system receive assistance from other cells that regulate how active they are. These helper cells include::

Suppressor T cells and T helpers

What are the major immune system cells that help eliminate cancer cells in the body?

T-cells

The direct link between stress and cancer is now thought to be:

The instability of the immune system.

A major reason why people who are stressed are vulnerable for nutrient deficiency:

They deplete essential nutrient stores without restoring them.

The answer = telomeres. What is the question?

What shortens faster (hastens the aging process) under chronic stressful conditions?

The immune system modifies itself (e.g. produces antobodies) in response to exposure from different pathogens. This part of the immune system is called the:

adaptive immune system

I am an NK cell. This means that I

am a special white blood cell that targets tumor cells, without markers (antibodies) needed

Stressed monkeys developed twice the amount of what in comparison to non stressed monkeys?

atherosclerosis or clogging of the arteries

Phagocytosis is the term for when:

big fat white blood cells eat a pathogen (bacteria or virus)

All of the following are recommended to help boost your immune system, except:

dramatically increasing your consumption of simple carbohydrates

According to Candace Pert's stress and disease model:

emotions can either enhance or suppress the immune system through the synthesis and release of neuropeptides throughout the body.

According to Borysenko's stress and disease model, allergies are regarded as an:

endogenous under-reaction

According to Borysenko's stress and disease model, cancer is regarded as an:

endogenous under-reaction

According to Borysenko's stress and disease model, allergies are regarded as an:

exogenous over-reaction

Change one's behavior, in order to facilitate healing

having a good sense of humor

One of the predictors for good outcomes in managing PTSD (post traumatice stress disorder) per new research is:

having a good sense of humor

This structure is primarly responsible for episodic memory.

hippocampus

T-cells are a key part of the ___________and are stored in the ______________gland (thus, their name).

immune; thymus

Humor is believed to affect the immune system by:

increasing the amount of NK cells and immunoglobulin A in saliva

This substance appears to reduce blood levels of cortisol:

tea

What did the stress reduction study done on medical students suggest?

that simple interventions may reduce overall stress responses while in school

Bruce Lipton's stress and disease model is considered to be the bridge between:

the Pert and Gerber model.

Organs of the immune system include

thymus gland, spleen, bone marrow