Otrans test #3
Which of the following is an association of several liner companies combining their ships and offering them to the public as a single transportation service under the government oversight in todays ocean shipping market?
Alliance
Rail
High cost per unit over short distances, low cost per unit over long distances
Major land mass connects two water routes
A hub port in a hub-and-spoke transportation system.
It was obvious from the start that containerization offered great advantages in terms of ship turnaround and dock labor. Which of the following comparisons are correct in comparing container with breakbulk operations in runs between New York and Houston, according to the text?
42 dock workers required for containers versus 126 for breakbulk operations 14 hours of ship time required with containers versus 84 hours for breakbulk operations
Container dimensions are now standard to make them interchangeable between ships and other transportation modes. A standard TEU is 20' x 8' x 8' but other sizes exist. Which of the following container lengths are commonly found aboard ships today?
45 feet 40 feet 35 feet . 20 feet
How many ships are required in liner service to schedule weekly sailings from each port in a loop that takes 42 days to complete?
6
What is a Neutral Pool in the container shipping business? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.
Boxes owned by container leasing companies that are used for one-way movements then returned to an agent A central collecting point from which individual containers can be drawn to meet shippers' needs
Malcom McLean is regarded as the inventor of containerized shipping, yet he built on earlier ideas. All of the following statements are true; but which one of them was McLean's insight that truly initiated a transportation revolution?
Carriage by truck and ship could be purposefully combined to form an integrated transportation system.
A vessel that offers transportation for any and all goods between specified ports under U.S. law is a ...
Common Carrier
What kind of ship was the Ideal X?
Converted T2 tanker
Reverse landbridge
Goes through a water port on the opposite side of land mass, en route to inland destination
A single large, fast container ship can move the same quantity of cargo in a year as five or six older break-bulk vessels. In doing so, however, it sails less frequently. Shippers still demand frequent departure schedules, such as weekly sailings, previously provided by older ships. What strategies have shipping companies adopted to meet the shippers' demands while not losing economies of scale of operating larger ships?
Establish alliances with other shipping companies, combining ships in a pool and sharing each other's cargo. Establish space-chartering arrangements with each other's ships
Which U.S. government agency regulates liner companies to protect the shipping public from monopoly and predatory prices?
Federal Maritime Commission
A "string" of ships most likely to be found in which of the following trades:
General cargo
air
Highest cost per unit over any distance
Ocean shipping companies historically have been allowed to form "liner conferences" under government oversight, to set prices and service levels on certain key routes between themselves. Which best describes this privilege, which is generally illegal for land-based companies?
Limited anti-trust immunity
Water
Lowest cost per unit over long distances
Landbridge
Major land mass connects two water routes
Truck
Most convenient over short distances, high cost per unit of transportation
In shipping, what is an NVOCC?
Non Vessel Operating Common Carrier
Which of the following types of organization has authority to issue a Bill of Lading for an intermodal shipment that makes that organization take full legal responsibility as carrier?
Non Vessel Operating Common Carrier (NVOCC) Vessel Operating Common Carrier (VOCC)
According to Business of Shipping Chapter 20, which two major piece of legislation make it possible for an originating carrier, such as a liner company, to furnish a bill of lading to a shipper which gives that carrier full responsibility for loss or damage sustained during an entire intermodal movement under U.S. law?
Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998 Shipping Act of 1984
Determining responsibility for loss or damage to intermodal cargo that has been transferred between several carriers is particularly difficult. According to Business of Shipping Chapter 20, which of the following is the usual method for paying the cost of such a claim?
Ocean and land carriers, such as truck and rail, pay an amount proportional to the freight money earned by each
Which of the following types of ships is LEAST likely to be in liner service?
Oil Tanker
A chartered vessel in which the entire cargo-carrying capacity of a vessel is used by a single shipper is a...
Private Carrier
Shipping cargo in containers aboard a liner vessel is in some respects similar to...
Riding a bus
Chartering a tramp ship to transport dry bulk cargo is in some respects similar to...
Taking a taxi
As a common carrier, a liner company calling on the U.S. is required to file a document listing rates, charges, rules, regulations and practices with the U.S. government. What is this document called?
Tariff
Micro landbridge
Terminates at an inland location short of the opposite coast
Mini landbridge
Terminates on the opposite coast of the land mass involved
Why would an ocean carrier be willing to issue a single bill of lading across combined modes of transportation, including rail and truck, that it does not completely control?
The ocean carrier has contracts in place with the inland carriers involved, with responsibilities of each clearly defined.
Shippers are interested in only three details regarding an intermodal movement of its goods. What are they?
Total cost of transportation between origin and destination How quickly the container moves from origin to destination To whom claims should be presented for loss or damage during transit
As containerization developed, unforeseen problems appeared. Which of the following issues can produce major headaches for container operators?
Tracking containers Managing empty containers
"The process of hoisting cargo from a dockside platform to the ship's deck was no different from that used by the Phoenicians, except that steam or electric power had been substituted for human muscles. Individual packages were stowed by hand in the appropriate ship spaces. The operation was infinitely laborious and consumed lots of time for which the ship was not paid. This violates the cardinal rule that..."
a ship earns money only when at sea moving cargo from one point to another.
What is a "pendulum route" in liner shipping?
liner service operating across a body of water in both directions
