Overseas Expansion/World War 1

Be able to identify countries using a map of Europe after WWI.

*PRINT OUT MAP*

League of Nations

An international congress of nations designed to settle disputes and protect democracy. Was created, but U.S. wasn't in it

Understand how and why the Black Tom munitions depot blew up

Germans left and set off pencil bombs small fires that blew up the whole base

African-Americans during WWI and specifically Henry Johnson

"Harlem Hellfighters" was a regiment of all black soldiers who spent longer in combat than any other American Unit Henry Johnson saved another soldier and fought off German patrol with his bare hands once his ammunition ran out. During his lifetime, he received a medal from the French Gvt. and got a purple heart after he died. Still trying to get him the medal of honor

Ways to be imperialistic

-Annex -Give economic/miliary aid -Spheres of influence

Fourteen Points (understand general ideas)

-End secret alliances -Protect freedom of seas -Promote free trade among nations -Limit arms among nations -Urge peaceful settlement of conflicts over colonies -Establish goal of self-determination

List the following in Chronological order: Sinking of Lusitania, start of WWI, U.S. Entry to war, End of WWI, Fourteen Points, Treaty of Versailles, first and second terms of Woodrow Wilson, and Mr. Frank's birthday. (ask for relationships between them)

-First term of Woodrow Wilson -Start of WWI -Sinking of Lusitania -2nd term Woodrow Wilson -U.S. entry into war -14 Points -End of WWI -Treaty of Versailles -Mr. Frank's birthday

Monroe Doctrine

-Independent countries can't be considered as subjects for future colonization -U.S. won't be involved with other countries unless our rights are invaded. We don't have any interest unless it involves us. -If you try to colonize/control an independent country, we view it as a hostile action towards us.

Describe the impact WWI had on the Capital District

-Many people were drafted for army -G.E. American Locomotive, Army supply depot -women joined red cross

The role of women during WWI

-Nurses worked at the front lines -Gave coffee and sandwiches to soldiers -Filled industrial jobs that were open due to leaving soldiers

Russo-Japanese War: How was peace achieved? What country did TR secretly "allow" Japan to take over? What award did TR receive for helping to bring about a peace agreement between Russia and Japan?

-TR helped negotiate a peace treaty to end the war -TR allowed Japan to take over Korea -TR got nobel peace prize

Why did U.S. neutrality fail?

-U.S. trade with England tripled -War orders for U.S. goods helped U.S. economy -Sinking of Lusitania -German violation of neutral Belgium -Zimmerman Telegram

Why did the European allies not support Wilson's view of peace?

-they wanted power and Germany to pay them back -Wilson just wanted peace, he didn't care about getting paid back

George Washington's Farewell Address

-wanted to be kind to other countries but said that hatred of one country will lead to resentment but favoring one country leads to trying to find a common interest. -want to extended our commercial relations (buying/selling goods) -want to steer clear of permanent alliances but we may safely trust temporary alliances

Zimmerman Telegram

A telegram that was intercepted by Great Britain and decoded. It was asking Mexico to join the central powers

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and the impact it had on the war

A treaty signed by Germany and Russia where Russia withdrew from the war. Germany was then able to use its eastern front in its western front and focus on defeating France.

Liberty "war" bonds

A way of raising money to fund the war. They were documents where the government (or a company) loans out money but the people have to pay it back with interest.

Allied Powers vs. Central Powers (note how they may change as the war progresses)

Allied-Britain, France, Russia. Later joined by Italy Central-Austria-hungary and Germany. Later joined by Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire

AEF and John J. Perishing

American Expedition Force. It was lead by John J. Perishing ("Black Jack"). Made sure all officers were prepared for war. Served the whole war. More active combat roles.

Schenck vs. U.S.

Brief background (w/ facts presented to court): Charles Schenck accused of violating Espionage act (prohibited attempts to cause unwillingness to accept orders from someone with authority) because he printed + mailed antiwar pamphlets to men accepted into military. Argued it was a violation of freedom of speech. Constitutional issue: Does the act violate the first Amendment for freedom of speech Decision of Court: Affirmed decision against Schenck. Reasoning behind decision: Freedom of speech wouldn't prevent anyone causing panic. They established clear limitations on freedom of speech

Brandenburg vs. Ohio (1969)

Changed it so that the government has a harder time having a case against freedom of speech.

Spanish American War: -Why was the Spanish American War fought?

Cuba wanted independence

The 1918 Spanish Flu

Deadly influenza pandemic. Wartime reporters minimized early reports of illness, but Spain was neutral, creating a false impression that Spain was very hard hit

Espionage and Sedition Acts

Espionage: stop interference with military operations or recruitment, prevent support of US enemies during war. Sedition: extends Espionage. Forbids use of disloyal language about the US government.

Imperialism: Specific reasons why countries were becoming imperialistic

Expanding a nation's power by getting new territories for colonies/when a country tries to control a territory outside for its own borders. -Nations wanted new places for getting materials -People needed space for new markets to sell goods -People thought of colonies as a source of power

Reasons countries were becoming imperialistic

For "gold, god, and glory" -"gold" (economic): new markets for farmers, new source for raw materials -"god" (moral, religious): spread principles, end suffering, we are civilized, others are barbaric -"glory" (reputation): competition, tied to world, should establish territory throughout the world

Understand how the "rules of engagement" of war changed with specific examples

Germany introduced poison gas -Machine guns

Sussex Pledge and the significance when the pledge was broken

Germany promised not to sink any civilian ships or unarmed vessels. When it was broken, U.S. began to prep for the war

How are treaties ratified? (Look in Constitutional Article 2, Section 2.2)

Go through 2/3 of congress and president

Abrams vs. U.S. (1919)

Government can only restrict speech that produces or is intended to produce clear danger. Changed it so that the government has a harder time having a case against freedom of speech.

16th amendment and it's connection to the war effort

Income tax. It was a way to raise money for the war.

Reasons for war M.A.I.N?

M.A.I.N Militarism: Policy of aggressive military preparedness Alliance System: Forming of alliances to create a balance of power Imperialism: Expanding a nation's power by getting new territories for a colonial empire Nationalism: Feeling that ones nation or culture is better than others

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

Meant to help nations in debt pay their loans. If they didn't pay their loans, U.S. may have to step in.

Pacifists

Person who believe war and violence are unjustifiable

Specific territories the U.S. actually aquired

Puerto Rico, Guam, Cuba and the Philippines.

What objections did some Senators raise during the debate over the Treaty of Versailles?

Republicans were afraid with instances where the league of Nations could use military forces to carry out their decisions.

Selective Service Act

Required men between the ages of 21 and 30 to register to be drafted into the armed forces

Which countries suffered the greatest casualties during WWI?

Russia for the Allied Powers (they suffered the most losses and Germany for the Central Powers (They lost more over all)

Understand how American foreign policy changed over time

Started with isolationism and no alliances (Washington farewell address) -Joined the war and formed alliances because of threat to U.S. -Went back to farewell address beliefs after war

Panama Canal: -How was the U.S. able to build and control the canal? -Who controls the canal today? Why?

The U.S. helped Panama get its independence from Colombia by sending the Navy in so Panama would let them build it. -In 1960 Jimmy Carter gave 60% of the canal to Panama, so Panama is in control

Why was it a two front war?

The U.S. fought on two fronts that were thousands of miles away from each other. The Philippines in the Pacific and Cuba in the Caribbean.

Self-determination

The right of people to decide their own political status

U-Boats and Zeppelins Lusitania

U-boats=Naval subarines Zeppelins=blimps Lusitania-british passenger boat that a German U-boat sank killing 1200 people, including 128 Americans. ONE REASON WHY U.S. JOINED WAR!

Yellow Journalism

Using exaggerated and harsh stories to get readers to buy your newspaper

President Taft's Dollar Diplomacy and whether the policy was a success

Wanted to use U.S. power and investment in business instead of military to influence Latin American gvt. U.S. gave Nicaragua a $1.5 billion loan and got control of their national bank and the gvt-owned railroad. Locals weren't happy and they revolted. Not a success. Was rejected by senate

Rough riders

What the newspapers called Roosevelt's "unusual" volunteer army. Fought in Spanish American War

Armistice

When all the nations agreed to stop fighting the war. 11/11 at 11:00

Presidential election of 1916 and the specific slogan Wilson used during his reelection.

Woodrow Wilson vs Charles Evens Hughes. Wilson won with a narrow victory. "He kept us out of the war'

Versailles Conference and the Treaty of Versailles (understand general ideas)

conference: Allied Powers only, clash between Wilson + democracy, and European's wanting to be paid back. Treaty: Germany gave up land, right to build border fortifications. focused on self determination

Rationing

controlling distribution of scarce resources

U.S. role in the Phillipines

helped fight for their freedom but didn't give them independence. Helped them create a constitution and told them how they should run their government

Reparations

the payment, transfers of property and land, and equipment Germany was forced to make at the end of WWI

China: -Spheres of influence -Open Door Policy

where foreign nations are in control of trade and resources. Ex:Germany got control of a harbor in the Shandong province. Every nation should get an equal chance to trade with China