PACE 2018 Tossups

This composer used a folk song in 2/4 time that shifts into 3/4 as the theme of the muted B-flat major Andante cantabile (on-DON-tay con-TAH-bee-lay) movement of his first string quartet, a common cello encore. In a two-movement chamber piece, this composer wrapped up a set of variations, mostly in E major, by returning to the A minor funereal (fyoo-NEE-ree-ul) theme of the "Pezzo elegiaco" (PET-so el-eh-JAH-ko) first movement. He wrote the string sextet (*) Souvenir de Florence (soov-NEER duh fluh-RAWNCE). Sergei Taneyev (tuh-NAY-yiff) premiered his two-movement Piano Trio dedicated to the memory of Nikolai Rubinstein, who had earlier criticized his Piano Concerto No. 1 in B-flat minor. The Allegro con grazia second movement of a symphony by this composer is a 5/4-time "limping" waltz. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the Pathétique Symphony.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky [or Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky] <Kothari, Arts - Music>

This story describes a question that "the more we reflect upon," the "harder it is to answer," since it involves a study of the "devious mazes of passion" through the "human heart." A sequel to this story centers on a "deputation of five strangers" who try to learn this story's outcome by answering a riddle about "The Discourager of Hesitancy." An arena where a woman keeps her right arm on a "cushioned parapet" is described in this story's setting, which is a (*) "semi-barbaric" kingdom. The humorist Frank Stockton wrote this story, which concludes with a king's daughter making a decision about a man's fate after "anguished deliberation." For 10 points, name this story in which it is never revealed whether a youth is saved or eaten by the title animal.

"The Lady or the Tiger?" <Jose, Literature - American> NSC 2018 - Round 04 - Bonuses

A play that won the Pulitzer Prize at the beginning of this decade depicts the reunion of the Magrath Sisters after Babe shot her husband; that play is Beth Henley's Crimes of the Heart. A play set during this decade is the subject of Isaac Butler's and Dan Kois's "oral history" The World Only Spins Forward. In that play set during this decade, characters named Oceania, Asiatica, Europa, and Antarctica meet in the Council Room of the Continental (*) Principalities. That play set during this decade is divided into the two parts "Millennium Approaches" and "Perestroika," and opens with the revelation that Prior Walter has an incurable disease. For 10 points, name this decade that provides the setting for Tony Kushner's Angels in America, which focuses on the AIDS epidemic.

1980s <Jose, Literature - American>

A string quartet inspired by this event begins and ends with the violins imitating the beeping sound made by a phone left off the hook. A piece inspired by this event quotes the trumpet solo from The Unanswered Question above a chorus singing the line "we all love you." In that piece, a boy repeats the word "missing" while pre-recorded voices repeat the names of this event's victims. The album cover of a Steve Reich string quartet named for this event controversially used a (*) photo of it. The 2003 Pulitzer Prize for Music was awarded to a piece commemorating this event, On the Transmigration of Souls. In the days after this event, popular musicians organized "The Concert for New York City." For 10 points, name this terrorist attack in 2001.

9/11 [or the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks; prompt on WTC or World Trade Center attack; do not accept or prompt on "World Trade Center bombing"] <Magin, Arts - Music>

This man, whose "tongue is like no other," is put on trial in the jungle near San Cristobal in a George Steiner novel. Sebastian Haffner wrote a 1978 book titled for "the meaning of" this man. Unity Mitford left England specifically to seek out this man, whose alleged fascination with feces and repressed homosexuality are discussed in Walter Langer's psychological profile of him. The historian Hugh Trevor-Roper authenticated the (*) diaries attributed to this man, which claimed that his secretary Martin Bormann was "indispensable" to his work. The book Grey Wolf claims that this man fled to Argentina, and was protected by the Peróns (per-OWNS) after he faked his death on April 30th, 1945. For 10 points, name this leader of Nazi Germany.

Adolf Hitler [prompt on A.H.] <Jose, Mixed/Other/General Knowledge>

This man lends his name to a type of tree that legendarily won't bloom until kicked by a young woman. The "black" legends about this monarch hold that he killed 99 of his siblings. After his death, his throne was disputed by his sons Jaluka, Tivara, and Kunala. He may have abolished the death penalty and founded some 84,000 religious institutions. He convened a religious council at Pataliputra, and his son Mahendra brought a (*) bodhi branch with him on a religious mission to Sri Lanka. Some monuments created by this man were inscribed in Brahmi, others were inscribed in Greek. His namesake Lion Capital now appears on a flag. This grandson of Chandragupta erected rock edicts following a conversion in Kalinga. For 10 points, name this Mauryan emperor who became a Buddhist.

Ashoka [or Asoka; or Ashoka the Great] <Bentley, History - World>

Miniature artists depicting Noah's Ark often drew from the lavish ship Asayish or "Peace" that this ruler constructed. In his well-regarded diary, this father of Hindal records breaking his wine cups and vowing never to drink again to rally troops over Rana Sanga at the Battle of Khanwa. The 1992 destruction of a mosque named for this man in Ayodhya sparked a wave of violence. He ordered a road survey between (*) Agra and the city where he's buried, Kabul. With the help of Ottoman artillery, he defeated a force that included some one thousand elephants to overcome the Lodi Dynasty at the 1526 Battle of Panipat. He was the first emperor of a dynasty that claimed descent from Tamerlane. For 10 points, name this grandfather of Akbar and first Mughal Emperor.

Babur [or Babar; or Baber; or Ẓahir al-Din Muḥammad] <Bentley, History - World>

In this city, the architect Ricardo Bofill (boo-FEEL) converted an abandoned cement factory into the utopian apartment complex Walden 7. This city's "Block of Discord" is home to a private home that features a "skull" and "bones" façade. A building in this city has four spires each on both its Passion Façade and its Nativity Façade. A sculpture of a salamander made using mosaics and a (*) bench in the shape of a sea monster appear in this city's Parc Güell (gwail). The architect Josep Maria Jujol (zhoo-ZHOLE) added a wavy façade to the Casa Milà (KAH-zuh mee-LAH) in this city. For the 1929 International Exposition in this City, Mies van der Rohe (meese van der roh) designed a namesake chair, which he housed in a modernist pavilion. For 10 points, name this city that contains much of Antoni Gaudí's work, including the unfinished Sagrada Família.

Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain <Jose, Arts - Architecture>

A short story by Arthur Machen spread the legend that the ghosts of soldiers from this battle assisted troops at the Battle of Mons in World War I. The oriflamme banner was last flown at this battle, where both the chief admiral and constable of the losing side were killed. The victors here had earlier besieged Harfleur and were marching back to Calais. Five years after this decisive battle, the victorious monarch was wed to (*) Charles VI's daughter via the Treaty of Troyes (twah). The narrow confines of the battlefield between two woods gave an advantage to the winning side's many longbowmen over the superior cavalry numbers of the losers in this battle. For 10 points, name this 1415 victory for Henry V during the Hundred Years' War.

Battle of Agincourt <Bentley, History - European>

The victorious forces at this battle had to wait a month at the mouth of the Dives River for favorable weather. At a ceremony conducted on the Christmas Day following this battle, its victor's troops set fire to nearby buildings after mistaking cries of acclamation for insurrection. The Battle Abbey was built to commemorate this battle, which was the culmination of a campaign begun at Pevensey. Two years after this battle, the victor wrought destruction on territories beyond the (*) River Humber in the Harrying of the North.The losing side in this battle had just fought the Battle of Stamford Bridge. The loser of this battle is depicted taking an arrow to the eye in the Bayeux Tapestry. For 10 points, name this 1066 victory for William the Conqueror.

Battle of Hastings <Bentley, History - European>

People may become part of this group through the act of Pabbajja as many as seven times in some traditions. Men under the age of 20 may become trainees known as samaneras in this group, according to regulations laid out in the Vinaya. Some people of this type attempted to become mummified while alive in the practice of sokushinbutsu (soak-SHEEN-boot-su). Saichō and Hōnen were two of these people who respectively brought the Tendai and (*) Pure Land schools to Japan. These people may use a wooden fish to keep rhythm while chanting. The third Jewel of Buddhism consists of people of this occupation, the community of which is called Sangha. For 10 points, name these religious people responsible for guiding the laypersons who live in temple communities to achieve nirvana.

Buddhist monks [accept Buddhist nuns; accept bhikkhus; accept bhiksus; accept bhikkunis; accept Sangha until read; prompt on Buddhists; prompt on nuns] <Wang, RMP - Other Religion>

30,000 people were killed in a raid orchestrated by this monarch against a city that had recently been captured by Hayreddin Barbarossa. His ineffective New Laws prompted the Valladolid (vah-yah-doh-LEED) debates. The enormous fleet for this monarch's conquest of Tunis was mostly financed with the gold ransom delivered from Atahualpa. Troops fighting against the League of Cognac for this son of Philip the Handsome and Juana the (*) Mad pillaged monasteries while sacking Rome. This king spent his gouty final years at a monastery after abdicating. His massive inheritance included the Habsburg Netherlands. For 10 points, name this Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain who abdicated in 1556 in favor of his son, Philip II.

Charles V [or Charles I; or Carlos I; or Karl V; or Carlo V; prompt on Charles] <Bentley, History - European>

A volume of poetry titled for this place includes a poem whose speaker sees a "crowd of Hungarians" with a "keg of beer and an accordion" while trying to discover "happiness." A poem titled for this place compares it to "the terrible burden of destiny" that laughs "as a young man laughs," and claims that this place is "brutal" since the speaker has seen the "marks of wanton hunger" on the "faces of women and children" in this place. A (*) 1916 collection of poetry titled after this city laid out a vision of "American realism" later developed in the collections Cornhuskers and Smoke and Steel; in that book, this city is called a "tool maker," "stacker of wheat," and "hog butcher of the world." For 10 points, name this "City of the Big Shoulders" described in a Carl Sandburg poem.

Chicago [accept Chicago Poems] <Jose, Literature - American>

A religious poem by this author consists of a series of questions and answers, including "Shall I find comfort, travel-sore and weak?" In another poem, this poet writes, "My heart is like a rainbow shell that paddles in a halcyon sea... because my love is come to me." In another poem by this author of "Up-Hill" and "A Birthday," "no grass will grow" on the grave of Jeanie, who "pined away." A poem by this author opens with the (*) antagonists listing "bloom-down-cheek'd peaches, swart-headed mulberries," and many other fruits with the refrain "Come buy, come buy." In that poem, Lizzie allows herself to be beaten by the title creatures to save her sister Laura. For 10 points, name this Victorian woman who wrote "Goblin Market."

Christina Rossetti [prompt on Rossetti] <Bollinger, Literature - British>

In his final appearance, this character experiences a severe toothache after asserting "as a weapon I may be of some use. But as a man, I'm a wreck," then leaves to join King Milan's forces. This man buys a painting of two boys fishing, and commissions a portrait, from his fellow expatriate Mihailov. He is shocked to learn that his lover is pregnant between one scene in which he glimpses his rival Makhotin's chestnut (*) Gladiator, and another scene in which he rides his own horse Frou-Frou to death. This character first encounters his future lover at a railway station, where a worker is crushed by a train, and is initially interested in Kitty Shcherbatsky. For 10 points, name this Leo Tolstoy character, a nobleman who has an affair with Anna Karenina.

Count Alexei (Kirillovich) Vronsky [prompt on Alexei] <Carson, Literature - European>

In this opera, a soft timpani roll underlies a shift from B-flat major to the mediant of G major during the sextet "Sola, sola in buio loco." This opera's final sextet, "Questo è il fin di chi fa mal" (KWESS-toh EH eel FEEN dee KEE fah MALL), which delivers the moral, was cut in most 19th-century productions. At a dinner scene in this opera, a character claims to be sick of constantly hearing the composer's earlier "Non più andrai" (known pyoo ahn-DRY). In this opera's aria "Il mio tesoro," Don (*) Ottavio swears to avenge the murder of Donna Anna's father. Its title character woos Masetto's betrothed Zerlina in the aria "Là ci darem la mano" (LA chee dah-REM la MAH-no), and Leporello recounts its title character's sexual conquests in the "Catalogue Aria." For 10 points, name this Mozart opera that ends with a statue of the commendatore dragging the title seducer to hell.

Don Giovanni [do not accept "Don Juan"] <Kothari, Arts - Opera>

During a campaign to this modern-day country, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (jo-FWAH duh SAN-tee-LAIR) performed edifying shark dissections for crewmen. On the way to this non-island country, the namesake of the Dolomite Mountains secured the surrender of the Knights Hospitaller. 151 "savants" who joined a campaign here produced an encyclopedia called the "Description" of it. A general used the divisional square tactic and told troops that "40 centuries look down upon you" at a (*) 1798 battle in this country. Horatio Nelson was non-fatally wounded in this country at the Battle of Aboukir Bay. During Napoleon's campaign in this country, a trilingual stele was found that helped decipher an ancient script. For 10 points, name this site of the Battle of the Pyramids.

Egypt [or Arab Republic of Egypt] <Bentley, History - European>

In this piece's tenth section, woodwinds repeat the pattern "quarter rest, four falling sixteenth notes, quarter rest," where the first sixteenth note is tenuto and the rest are staccato. As a joke, the viola melody in this piece's sixth section crosses directly from the fourth to the second string. Jagged, toccata-like chromatic runs in its second section depict an amateur pianist warming up. Most section titles of this piece are (*) initials, like C. A. E., which represents its composer's wife Alice. Viola student Isabel Fitton and the stuttering Dorabella are two "friends pictured within" this piece. It may be based on "Auld Lang Syne" or "Rule Britannia." August Jaeger (YAY-ger) inspired its section "Nimrod." For 10 points, name this orchestral piece by Edward Elgar with an unknown theme.

Enigma Variations [or Variations on an Original Theme; or Elgar's Opus 36] <Magin, Arts - Music>

In one novel by this author, the protagonist visits Brighton with the prostitute Milly and her daughter Winnie so that private detectives can give his wife evidence to divorce him. Another of this author's characters receives a turtle engraved with diamonds forming her initials from her husband Rex Mottram. In a novel by this author, the owner of Hetton Abbey is held captive in the Brazilian jungle by Mr. Todd, who forces him to (*) read Dickens novels forever. In this author's most famous novel, Lord Marchmain's deathbed conversion inspires Julia to break with Charles Ryder, who is brought to the title estate by his friend Sebastian Flyte. For 10 points, name this satirical English novelist of A Handful of Dust and Brideshead Revisited.

Evelyn Waugh (wah) [or Arthur Evelyn St. John Waugh] <Bollinger, Literature - British>

This man developed a limp while participating in an invasion of Azamor in Morocco, and he defected from his country due to lack of royal compensation. Thirty members of this man's crew were killed when they were ambushed at a banquet hosted by Humabon. The House of Trade sponsored a voyage by this man to find the Spice Islands that was chronicled by Antonio Pigafetta. This European's forces were defeated by chief Lapu-Lapu. 27 of his men died of (*) scurvy before reaching the islands of Rota and Guam. This captain of the Trinidad died in the Philippines from a poisoned arrow to the leg. He led ships from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans through a body of water now named for him. For 10 points, name this man who died leading the first circumnavigation of the earth.

Ferdinand Magellan [or Fernão de Magalhães; or Hernando de Magallanes] <Bentley, History - European>

This author appended his essay On the Use of the Chorus in Tragedy to a play in which Don Manuel and Don Caesar are the title character's feuding sons. The villain of another of his plays is killed when a peasant woman named Armgart and her children delay him by pleading for clemency in front of his horses. Another of his protagonists is torn between honoring the sacrifices of Roller and Schweizer (SHVYTE-zer) and his love for Amalia von Edelreich (ah-MALL-yah fon AID-ull-ryke) after being banished from his home by his father, the Count. This author of (*) The Bride of Messina wrote about the conflict between the brothers Franz and Karl Moor in one play, and another of his plays is titled for a huntsman who defies the Swiss tyrant Gessler. For 10 points, name this German playwright of The Robbers and William Tell.

Friedrich Schiller [or Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller] <Carson, Literature - European>

This thinker, who is not William of Ockham, had his theory of action and reaction as mathematical hypotheses classified by Karl Popper as a use of his namesake "razor." A limerick about this thinker's views considers a situation when "there's no one about in the quad." This thinker argued that it is impossible to conceive of an unconceived object; that argument is known as this thinker's (*) "master" argument. This thinker used the example of an oar that appears crooked in water to show how we cannot always abstract from our perceptions. That example is part of this philosopher's theory that there are no mind-independent objects. For 10 points, name this philosopher, who argued that "to be is to be perceived" in Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous.

George Berkeley <Boyd, RMP - Philosophy>

A recent restoration of this painting revealed two spiderwebs behind the two donors in it and proved that the wood used for the hermit panel was the same as its others. This painting was rescued from an Austrian salt mine shortly before the mine was blown up by the Nazis. Equestrian portraits of men such as Philip the Good are included in a panel of this painting called The (*) Just Judges that was stolen in 1934. The man who completed this painting called himself "second in art" to his deceased brother. When closed, this work shows grisaille statues of saints below an Annunciation scene. When opened, it reveals a panel of a large procession gathering around a lamb about to be sacrificed. For 10 points, name this master altarpiece of Jan Van Eyck.

Ghent Altarpiece [accept Adoration of the Mystic Lamb until "lamb" is read] <Bentley, Arts - Painting>

A bust of this artist by Benedetto da Maiano showed that he was best known at the time for a mosaic of Christ walking on water called the Navicella. This artist depicted the walls of Ephesus in a scene that shows St. John the Evangelist raising Dursiana for the Peruzzi Chapel. Petrarch praised the "ingenium" of this artist, who executed a painted crucifix for the Santa Maria Novella. The Star of Bethlehem, depicted as a comet, appears above his stage-like Adoration of the Magi in a (*) series of 37 frescoes made for a Paduan money lender. This artist was supposedly discovered and taught by Cimabue (chee-mah-BOO-ay). His best-known works were commissioned by Enrico Scrovegni. For 10 points, name this early Renaissance artist who made the frescoes for the Arena Chapel.

Giotto [or Giotto di Bondone; or Giottus] <Bentley, Arts - Painting>

The Czech engraver Wenceslaus Hollar made panoramic engravings before and after this event. This event is commemorated by a 202-foot-tall monument topped by a golden urn that, until 1830, had an inscription blaming it on the "malice of the Popish faction"; that monument was co-designed by Robert Hooke, who was appointed surveyor after this event. Charles II was informed of this event by a man who wrote of burying his cheeses during it, (*) Samuel Pepys (peeps). The Duke of York commanded troops that tore down buildings during this event. This event ended on Pie Corner, leading some to attribute it to God's wrath at the sin of gluttony, and supposedly began at a bakery on Pudding Lane. For 10 points, name this 1666 conflagration in England's capital.

Great Fire of London [or the London Fire of 1666; prompt on partial or descriptive answers] <Bentley, History - European>

A Homeric hymn to this deity ends with him being advised to visit a trio of honeycomb-eating nymphs at Parnassus called the Thriae; that poem also describes him encountering an old man on the plain of Onchestus after weaving some sandals. Aeneas's ally Evander was a son of this god. The nymph Salmacis fell in love with, and then merged with, a son of this god. An esoteric religious tradition based on texts attributed to this god dubbed him (*) "thrice-great." This father of the thief Autolycus (auto-LIE-kus) used a strategy involving reversing footprints to successfully steal cattle belonging to another god, to whom this god gave the lyre as compensation. A snake-wrapped staff called the caduceus (kah-DOO-see-us) was carried by, for 10 points, what winged-sandal-wearing Greek messenger god?

Hermes [accept Mercury until "Greek" is read; accept Hermes Trismegistus] (Salmacis fell in love with Hermes and Aphrodite's son Hermaphroditus.) <Carson, RMP - Greco-Roman Myth>

Description acceptable. In advance of this event, a leader asked his cousin to cover himself in a green cloak and sleep in his bed. Historians identify the Axumite king Armah with a man involved in the so-called "first" version of this event, Ashama ibn Abjar, who sheltered several sahaba. A place of worship at Quba was founded during this event, in which two men stopped and prayed on Friday in the first instance of (*) jumu'ah. The person who undertook this event ended up in Yathrib, which was renamed shortly afterward, and carried it out with Abu Bakr. This event, whose Julian date is April 19, 622 AD, marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. For 10 points, name this flight of the prophet from one of Islam's holy cities to another.

Hijrah [or Hegirah; accept Second Hijrah; accept answers indicating Muhammad's flight from Mecca or Muhammad's flight to Medina or Muhammad's flight to Yathrib until Yathrib is read; do not accept or prompt on "hajj"] <Alston, RMP - Other Religion>

In the first of these poems, the speaker asks that the addressee "like adamant draw mine iron heart." In a poem from this collection, the speaker claims to be made of "elements and an angelic sprite," which are "betray'd to endless night," and calls himself "a little world made cunningly." Another of these poems declares that the speaker will never be "chaste, except you ravish me" and implores (*) "Break, blow, burn, and make me new." This collection includes a poem that calls the addressee "slave to fate, chance, kings, and desperate men," as well as a poem beginning "Batter my heart, three-person'd God." For 10 points, name these nineteen religious poems, including "Death, Be Not Proud," written by John Donne.

Holy Sonnets [or Divine Meditations; or Divine Sonnets; prompt on sonnets by John Donne] <Bollinger, Literature - British>

Harriet develops a crush on the visiting Captain John in this country in The River, the first color movie by Jean Renoir. A film from this country has a long close-up of water bugs skimming on a pond. In a film from this country, a character played by Johnny Walker sings a song to a struggling poet about massaging peoples' heads with oil. Two siblings in a film from this country chase a train through a field of flowers and return to find their elderly neighbor (*) Indir dead. In another of its films, a group of villagers win a bet to beat the British in a game of cricket. Movies from this country include Pyaasa and Satyajit Ray's Apu Trilogy, which was scored by Ravi Shankar. For 10 points, name this country, where films like Lagaan are produced in "Bollywood."

India <Kothari, Arts - Film>

This deity becomes enraged when she is reminded of a man who brought her dates but refused to sleep with her, after which she turned him into a mole. A partially-extant poem describes this deity turning a bandit woman into a waterskin. The gala-tura and the kur-jara rescue this deity after a journey in which she is repeatedly delayed by the gatekeeper Neti. This deity, who was attended by Ninshubur, was cursed with (*) sixty diseases by Namtar. The Bull of Heaven was sent after Enkidu and Gilgamesh by this goddess, who removed one item of clothing at each of seven gates when descending to the underworld, which was ruled by her sister Ereshkigal. For 10 points, name this wife of Dumuzid or Tammuz, the Mesopotamian goddess of love and sex.

Ishtar [or Inanna; accept Astarte] <Grames, RMP - Other Myth>

In the early 2000s, environmentalists successfully diverted a Transneft oil pipeline from passing within 3,000 feet of this body of water. A polluting pulp and paper mill on its banks was closed in 2013. A first millennium BC stele near this lake shows a giant lizard-like monster similar to the cryptid Lusud-Khan said to live here. The Buryat people who live around this lake refer to it as the "blue eye." This lake is threatened by a plan to open a uranium plant in (*) Angarsk. The Selenga river flows into this lake, which is home to nerpa seals. The 45-mile-long island of Olkhon is located in this lake. It is both the oldest freshwater lake on Earth and, at 1,620 meters, the deepest. For 10 points, name this Siberian lake.

Lake Baikal [or Ozero Baykal; or Ozero Bajkal] <Bentley, Geography - Europe>

A political cartoon from the Almanack of the Month depicted this man painting with a mop. He created several whale paintings for oil tycoon Elhanan Bicknell. Rachel Whiteread and Damien Hirst have both won a prize named for this artist awarded by the Tate. The National Gallery exhibits some of his paintings next to those of Claude Lorrain, an artist who inspired his seascape Dido Building Carthage. In one of this artist's paintings, a (*) rabbit rushes out of the way of a vehicle coming towards the viewer on the Maidenhead Railway Bridge. In another of his works, sharks pursue the chained bodies that have been thrown overboard by the captain of the title vessel. For 10 points, name this British landscape artist of Rain, Steam and Speed and The Slave Ship.

J. M. W. Turner [or Joseph Mallord William Turner] <Bentley, Arts - Painting>

A text written in this non-Greek language begins "the flowing river never stops, and yet the water never stays the same." That work recounts a whirlwind and an earthquake before describing the writer's retreat to a ten-square-foot hut. In another book in this language, the daughter of the Minister of the Left dies giving birth to the son of the title character, who is described as (*) "Shining." A work in this language contains lists of "Embarrassing Things" and "Pleasant Things." In a novel in this language, a chapter called "Illusion" appears just before a blank chapter indicating the main character's death. The Pillow Book and Hojoki are examples of this language's zuihitsu (ZOO-ee-heet-soo) genre. For 10 points, name this language used to write The Tale of Genji.

Japanese [or Nihongo] <Kothari, Literature - World>

In a letter opposing a lowered interest ceiling, this philosopher outlined an early quantity theory of money. This thinker argued that spoilage prevented accumulation until the invention of money in a work where he wrote that "In the beginning all the world was America." He stated that people gain a right to land by improving it as long as it is abundant, which Robert Nozick described as this man's "proviso." One work by this man argues that men cannot enter into (*) slavery because they do not have absolute power over themselves, and is paired with a work that legitimizes revolutions against governments that lack the consent of the people. For 10 points, name this philosopher who defended the right to "life, liberty, and estate" in his Two Treatises of Government.

John Locke <Kothari, RMP - Philosophy>

In his first political campaign, this man attacked his opponent's 47,000-dollar profit from a radio station and that man's lack of military service, ignoring the fact that the opponent was too old to volunteer. He lied about flying 32 bomber missions to win a Distinguished Flying Cross and faked a limp from a supposed crash landing. This ex-Marine defeated Robert (*) La Follette Jr. to win his highest office and likely coined his own nickname, "Tail-Gunner." William Fulbright voted against funding this man's permanent subcommittee in 1954; a year later, he was censured by the Senate. At a meeting in Wheeling, West Virginia, he claimed to have a list of subversives working at the State Department. For 10 points, name this Wisconsin senator, an ardent anti-Communist.

Joseph McCarthy [or Joseph Raymond McCarthy] <Bentley, History - American>

The so-called "Islamic Wing" of this institution was designed by Kevin Roche, the architect who has been responsible for all its expansions, and who created a new master plan for it in the 1970s. After Calvert Vaux's design for this building was criticized in 1871, a Beaux Arts-style grand stairway and facade designed by Richard Morris Hunt was installed near the end of the 19th century. A part of this institution in Fort Tryon Park devoted to subjects from the Middle Ages is called The (*) Cloisters. This institution's main collection, which includes David's (dah-VEED's) The Death of Socrates and Winslow Homer's The Gulf Stream, is in a set of buildings on Fifth Avenue, between 81st and 84th streets. For 10 points, name this largest art museum in New York City.

Metropolitan Museum of Art [or The Met] <Jose, Arts - Misc>

A book by this author ends with the Wandering Jew informing the narrator that a door in his museum was made from the gate of ivory that Aeneas once passed through in Hades. That book by this writer ends with the story "The Virtuoso's Collection," and it includes a story in which Annie opens an ebony box and her infant child crushes Owen Warland's mechanical butterfly. Another of his stories ends by noting that "no hopeful verse" was carved on the (*) tombstone of the title character's grave. This author included "The Artist of the Beautiful" in a collection named for his home, Mosses from an Old Manse, which also features a story set in Salem where the title character sees a procession in a forest. For 10 points, name this author of "Young Goodman Brown."

Nathaniel Hawthorne <Jose, Literature - American>

In this country's capital, thousands of coins are nailed to a stump that supposedly cures toothaches. Eyes pointing in four directions are a motif on a monument at Swayambhunath (sway-om-boo-nath) in this country. A snake-infested floodplain that contains this country's capital was supposedly drained by the bodhisattva Manjushri, and many of its temples were built by the Newar people. The Terai Swamp in this country's south contributed to its (*) isolation. This country became a republic in 2008 and was once ruled by the Ranas. It is home to the largest Sherpa population in the world. Its well-above-sea-level capital was devastated by a 2015 earthquake. For 10 points, name this mountainous Asian country with capital at Kathmandu.

Nepal [or Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal] <Bentley, Geography - World>

The existence of these things was accidentally revealed by Alexander Butterfield. Some of these things were stored at a facility in Yorba Linda, California, and not released to the public until 2013. One rejected compromise involved making Senator John C. Stennis the only person allowed to review these things. Political cartoonists made fun of the so-called "Rose Mary (*) Stretch," an awkward posture supposedly used to accidentally destroy parts of one of these things. That stretch resulted in an 18-and-a-half minute gap in them. The Saturday Night Massacre followed Archibald Cox's insistence on receiving these secretly-made objects. For 10 points, name these audio records of a president who resigned during the Watergate scandal.

Nixon tapes [or transcripts of President Richard Nixon's White House tapes; or President Richard Nixon's White House recordings; accept Watergate tapes until "Watergate" is read; prompt on partial answer] <Bentley, History - American>

A character in this novel describes seeing the punning headline "Red Sox Beat Yanks 5-4 On Chapman's Homer" thumbtacked to a door. The narrator of this novel describes the reign of Queen Yaruga, who drowned in an ice-hole during New Year's day festivities. This novel's narrator claims that he convinced his friend to write a work in four cantos that recounts the escape of a king nicknamed "The Beloved" after that friend escaped to (*) New Wye. The line "I was the shadow of the waxwing slain" is written by a character in this novel, who may have been killed by the assassin Jakob Gradus. A self-styled exiled royal from the land of Zembla named Charles Kinbote narrates, for 10 points, what Vladimir Nabokov novel centering on a 999-line poem by John Shade?

Pale Fire <Jose, Literature - European>

A one-time hydroelectric engineer who was elected president of this country controversially pardoned his former running mate, who had been imprisoned for planning a 1996 coup. Andres Rodriguez restored this country to democracy. A dictator who ruled this country from 1954 to 1989 cooperated with a larger neighbor on what was then the most powerful hydroelectric dam in the world and was a leader of its (*) Colorado Party. An earlier president of this country was the only Latin American head of state to die in battle, perishing at the Battle of Cerro Cora. Along its eastern border is the Itaipu (ee-tye-POO) Dam, built under Alfredo Stroessner (strohss-NAIR). For 10 points, during the War of the Triple Alliance, Uruguay, Brazil, and Argentina occupied what country's capital of Asunción (ah-soon-see-OWN)?

Paraguay [or Republic of Paraguay] <Bentley, History - World>

Eugène Delacroix may be the artist standing next to the bishop in this artist's enigmatic The Eternal Feminine. A group of artists admire one of this artist's paintings in an "Homage" to him painted by Maurice Denis (duh-nee). His break from traditional forms of representation is examined in an essay on his "Doubt" by Maurice Merleau-Ponty. This artist often depicted one of his frequent subjects above an Aix-Marseille (ex-mar-SAY) railway bridge. A leering man watches a black woman revealing the title (*) woman in this artist's A Modern Olympia. Pablo Picasso called this artist "the father of us all" and drew inspiration from this artist's many Bathers to develop Cubism. For 10 points, name this Post-Impressionist French artist who frequently painted still lifes of apples and views of Mont Sainte-Victoire (mont sant-vik-TWAR).

Paul Cézanne <Bentley, Arts - Painting> NSC 2018 - Round 03 - Bonuses

Pausanias (paw-SAY-nee-us) claimed that this man founded a city at a site that was either where the cap fell from his scabbard or where he found a thirst-quenching mushroom. Four daughters of Pelops married four of this man's sons, one of whom, Electryon, succeeded him after he was killed by a son of Proetus (pro-EE-tus) with whom he had previously traded kingdoms. This cousin of (*) Megapenthes (mega-PEN-theez) and founder of Mycenae (my-SEE-nee) fulfilled an oracle by accidentally killing his grandfather Acrisius, who had previously cast him and his mother out to sea in a chest. This man was raised by the fisherman Dictys (DIK-tiss), whose brother Polydectes (poly-DEK-teez) sent him on a quest that involved consulting the Graeae (GRAY-ay) and approaching his foe with a mirrored shield. Danaë (DAN-ay) was the mother of, for 10 points, what Greek hero who killed Medusa?

Perseus <Carson, RMP - Greco-Roman Myth>

Scholars dispute whether Marie-Anne Collot sculpted the face of a statue of this man. A mechanism for transporting part of a statue of this person was figured out by a Greek fugitive named Marinos Carburis. This ruler hired architect Domenico Trezzini to create buildings such as the Twelve Colleges. A monument to this man was the first since Pietro Tacca's statue of Philip IV to depict a freestanding (*) bronze man on a rearing horse; that statue stands on a 1,250-tonne pedestal known as the Thunder Stone. This ruler is depicted in Étienne Maurice Falconet's The Bronze Horseman, a statue in Senate Square in the city he founded, which is also home to the Hermitage Museum. For 10 points, name this Russian Emperor, the namesake of a major city on the Baltic Sea.

Peter the Great [or Peter I; or Pyotr Velikiy; or Pyotr I; or Peter Alexeyevich I; prompt on Peter] <Bentley, Arts - Sculpture>

A theorem introduced by this man gives a formula to find the radii of four mutually tangent circles. The second book of a work by this mathematician consists of a classification of algebraic curves, including his namesake "folium." This man is the inventor, and sometimes the namesake, of the field of analytic geometry. This man's three (*) "laws of nature" were a major influence on Isaac Newton's laws of motion. An upper limit on the number of positive roots of a polynomial can be found using this mathematician's "rule of signs." In two dimensions, ordered pairs are used to represent the x- and y-coordinates of numbers in his namesake coordinate system. For 10 points, name this French mathematician, who, in a famous work of philosophy, stated "Cogito ergo sum."

René Descartes (day-CART) <Minarik, Science - Math>

The radar jamming system used by low-flying Vautour planes in Operation Focus during this war so spooked the otherwise uninvolved Soviets that Nikolai Yergorychev purged many Polish officers. In the build-up to this war, a strike killed 18 people at Al-Samu and UN Emergency Forces were ordered out of one country. One side lost 286 of its 420 (*) MiG (mig) fighters on the tarmac on a single day in this war. In the buildup to this conflict, the port of Eilat (ay-LAHT) was cut off from supplies by the closure of the Gulf of Aqaba. The Sinai Peninsula, Golan Heights, and Gaza Strip were captured by the victors in this conflict, a defeat for Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser. For 10 points, name this 1967 conflict in which Israel defeated its enemies in less than a week.

Six-Day War [or June War; or Third Arab-Israeli War; or Milhemet Sheshet HaYamim] <Bentley, History - World>

A soldier born in this country wrote an epic poem translated into English as The Araucaniad. An ornate style of poetry from this country that took its name from a combination of the words for "cultured" and "Lutheran" was propounded most notably by the author of the unfinished poem Solitudes. That poet engaged in a long-running feud with this country's leading proponent of "conceptism." The 300th anniversary of the death of a poet from this country inspired the founding of its (*) Generation of '27. A literary era in this country is often said to have ended with the death of the author of the plays Life is a Dream and The Mayor of Zalamea. For 10 points, name this country whose Baroque "Golden Age" featured the authors Luis de Góngora and Pedro Calderón de la Barca.

Spain [or España; or the Kingdom of Spain; or Reino de España] <Carson, Literature - European>

Rupert Blue called 250 men out of retirement to deal with this event. Gold miners were sent to Brevig Mission, Alaska, after that town's Inuit community was particularly affected by this event. The rail transport of the Chinese Labor Corps may have sparked this event in the US. Royal S. Copeland led a campaign to stop New Yorkers from (*) spitting to contain this event. The common name for this event was coined when King Alfonso XIII (the thirteenth) was affected by it in a country that lacked wartime press censorship. Over three percent of Metropolitan Life's prime-age insured workers were killed during this event. Worldwide, 100 million people were killed during this event by a strain of H1N1. For 10 points, name this pandemic that overlapped with the close of World War I.

Spanish Flu Pandemic [or 1918 flu pandemic; or Spanish influenza pandemic; prompt on partial answers] <Bentley, History - American>

This god forces another character to sleep in a room filled with snakes, then in one filled with centipedes and wasps. This god has his hair tied to palace rafters by that other character, a suitor for his daughter, after the suitor is forced to find an arrow in a field that this god sets on fire. In another story, this god protects a princess by turning her into a comb and putting her in his hair. Some translations of the Record of Ancient Matters give this god the title "His (*) Swift-Impetuous-Male-Augustness." This god once birthed five men from a necklace belonging to his sister, to whom he later gave a sword that he pulled from the tail of the eight-headed dragon Orochi. For 10 points, name this Shinto god of the sea and storms, a brother of Amaterasu.

Susano'o (soo-sah-NOH-oh) [or Susanowo; or Takehaya Susanoo-no-Mikoto] (The suitor, Okuni-nushi, eventually won the hand of Susano'o's daughter Suseri-hime.) <Carson, RMP - Other Myth>

This novel's protagonist uses scrap from a man's old "yellow dress" to make the "Sister's Choice" pattern for her quilt. Another character in this novel moves to Tucson, Arizona after falling in love with the flute player Germaine. A character in this novel demands to be called Mary Agnes and not Squeak after she is raped by a prison warden. This novel ends during a family reunion on July 4th after the protagonist's sister returns from (*) Africa, where she lived with the missionaries Samuel and Corinne. In this novel, "Mister" hides letters that are written by Nettie and addressed to her sister. For 10 points, name this novel in which Celie addresses many of her letters about life in southern Georgia to God, a novel by Alice Walker.

The Color Purple <Jose, Literature - American>

Angelo Tani commissioned a painting of this scene that ended up in Poland after Paul Benecke captured the ship transporting it. St. Peter shakes hands with one of the naked men in a procession in the left-hand side of an altarpiece of this scene by Hans Memling. One version of this scene was altered by "Il Braghettone," Daniele da Volterra. The artist of one version of this scene depicted himself as the man holding his (*) own flayed skin, St. Bartholomew. Memling's version of this scene depicts an armor-clad Michael in the foreground. This scene decorates the altar wall of a building that Michelangelo had earlier painted the ceiling for. For 10 points, name this Biblical scene of Christ sending souls to Heaven and Hell.

The Last Judgment [or Il Giudizio Universale] <Bentley, Arts - Painting>

Residents of a locale created by this author include Elias, who fails exams to be a doctor and a sanitary inspector before eventually becoming a cart driver, and a poet who fails to write anything past the first line of his magnum opus and is named B. Wordsworth. In another novel by this author, Father Huismans collects African masks, and a man who worships the cult of the Black Madonna takes over an unnamed town. The shopkeeper Salim lives in a country led by the (*) Big Man in a novel by this man, who also wrote Miguel Street and a novel whose title character, an eleven-fingered sign-painter, marries into the overbearing Tulsi family. For 10 points, name this Indo-Trinidadian author of A Bend in the River and A House for Mr. Biswas.

V. S. Naipaul [or Vidiadhar Surajprasad "Vidia" Naipaul] <Cheng, Literature - World>

A character in this play is asked about the views of Pythagoras on birds and believes himself to be the addressee of a letter written to "M, O, A, I." That character in this play is asked if he thinks, because he is virtuous, "there shall be no more cakes and ale?" After being locked in a room, that character in this play is visited by a man disguised as the priest Sir Topas, who insists that character has gone (*) mad. The primary subplot in this play revolves around a forged love letter from Olivia that tricks the prudish servant Malvolio. For 10 points, name this play about the shipwrecked Viola and Sebastian, a Shakespearean comedy named for the fact that it was originally performed at the end of Christmas festivities.

Twelfth Night, or What You Will <Minarik, Literature - British>

A poem in this collection describes "burying lamps" and "tangling shadows" in the "deep solitude." The speaker of a different poem in this collection compares himself to "a spider, trying to hide" after noting that he has been marking "crosses of fire" on "the atlas of your body." The line "The night is starry and the stars are blue and shiver in the distance" is provided as an example of the title writings in a poem from this collection, whose final poem opens by asserting "the (*) memory of you emerges from the night around me" and repeatedly states "it is the hour of departure" and "in you, everything sank!" "Tonight I Can Write the Saddest Lines" is followed by a melancholy final entry in, for 10 points, what collection by Pablo Neruda?

Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair [or Veinte poemas de amor y una canción desesperada] <Alston, Literature - World>

This country's intelligence service, SEBIN (see-BIN), has often raided the beer company Polar for "political interference." In June 2016, Lufthansa took a hundred-million-dollar write-down on debts owed to it by this country. Other debt holders were reluctant to attend a 2017 restructuring meeting because its Vice President, (*) Tareck El Aissami, is designated by the Kingpin Act as a drug trafficker. A debt default in this country could cause it to lose control of Citgo. This country's president, a former bus driver, was elected six weeks after his popular predecessor died in Cuba in 2013. The average citizen of this country lost 19 pounds in 2016 due to food shortages compounded by runaway inflation. For 10 points, name this Latin American country ruled by Nicolas Maduro.

Venezuela [or Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela] <Bentley, Current Events - Foreign>

One of these events is depicted on a grave marker decorated with a sun and a moon on one side and an army on the other, and is called the "doomsday stone." It is often wrongly claimed that Irish round towers were built due to these events, which led to the founding of Dublin as a longphort. The jeweled cover of an illuminated gospel book and the relics of St. Cuthbert were lost during one of these events. In order to stop these events from occurring in France, (*) Charles the Simple offered Normandy to Rollo. Christian Europe was thrown into panic when one of these events destroyed the abbey of Lindisfarne, the first of many monasteries in the British isles to be targeted by them. For 10 points, flat-bottomed longboats were used for what attacks by Scandinavian mariners?

Viking raids [accept any answers indicating attacks or invasions by Vikings or Norsemen] <Brownstein, History - European>

This economist's observations on the distribution of property ownership were applied analogously by Joseph Juran to management theory. In sociology, this economist developed a theory of regime change based on the "circulation of elites." A condition named for this economist, which is asserted by the first theorem of welfare economics to hold for any competitive equilibrium, is generalized to allow for compensation of lost utility by the (*) Kaldor-Hicks criterion. This economist sometimes names a "law of the vital few" according to which most effects stem from a few causes, referred to as "80/20" principle. A condition in which no individual can be better off without making another worse off is called, for 10 points, what Italian's namesake "efficiency"?

Vilfredo Pareto [accept Pareto principle or Pareto rule or Pareto efficiency] <Alston, Social Science - Economics>

This character gets a package on his birthday containing two books translated by Wetstein (VET-styne) to replace his large, unwieldy Ernestine edition, as well as a pink ribbon. This character goes on to live a boring, everyday life after another character foils his plans with some pellets of chicken blood in a parody by Friedrich Nicolai. He resigns from a diplomatic job after an embarrassing incident in which he is snubbed by a group of aristocrats at a party held by (*) Count C. After a scene in which he emotionally recites passages from Ossian (AW-shin), this character claims to be going on a "journey" into the mountains as a pretext to borrow a pair of pistols from Albert. For 10 points, name this character whose obsessive love for Lotte (LOH-teh) is the subject of an early novel by Goethe (GUR-tuh).

Werther (VAIR-ter) [accept Young Werther] <Grames, Literature - European>

A character in this play accuses another man of just hitting "younger men... and children... women... birds." Another character in this play tells the story of a fifteen-year old boy who accidentally killed his mother with a shotgun, and who caused much laughter by ordering "bergin and water." In another story about that boy in this play, he was taken to the hospital after he crashed his car while (*) swerving to avoid a porcupine in the road. In this play, a "hysterical pregnancy" supposedly caused Nick to marry his wife. During the "Walpurgisnacht" act of this play, George suggests that a game of "Get the Guests" be played to humiliate Martha and Honey. For 10 points, name this domestic drama by Edward Albee.

Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? <Jose, Literature - American>

The SOX family of proteins is named for one part of a structure named for this letter. A protein named for this letter has "stress-resilience" functionality and is a 36-amino-acid neuropeptide found in the hypothalamus. A structure named for this letter is used to define human haplogroups because 95 percent of it does not undergo recombination. All humans with a structure named for this letter share it with a most recent common ancestor called (*) Adam. This letter is the abbreviation for the aromatic amino acid tyrosine. This letter also names a structure that contains genes to influence testis development. For 10 points, name this letter that names a chromosome that determines human sex, along with the X chromosome.

Y [accept Y chromosome; accept neuropeptide Y; accept Y RNAs] <Ramaswami, Science - Biology>

Description acceptable. A proposal that this process would occur on the "same terms" at the Constitutional Convention was defeated by Gouverneur Morris. John A. Burns, the architect of the most recent successful campaign for this result, was subsequently defeated by William F. Quinn in a 1959 gubernatorial race. Plural marriages were forbidden by a law that started this process, the Enabling Act of 1894. One unusual route to this process began with the 1861 (*) Wheeling Convention. This process is typically preceded by the writing and ratification of a constitution. It's not independence, but in 2012, 61 percent of voters supported starting this process in Puerto Rico. For 10 points, name this action which allowed the United States to expand beyond the original thirteen colonies.

admission of a new state to the Union [or admission of a new state to the United States of America; or joining the Union; accept statehood; prompt on answers like splitting a state into two, or seceding from a state, or creating a territory, or incorporating a territory] <Bentley, History - American>

A class of compounds named for this element consists of a combination of a group-one metal sulfate salt and this element's sulfate salt. Either silicon dioxide or this element's oxide are the most common materials used for the stationary phase in column chromatography (chrome-uh-TAH-graphy). A very strong reducing agent consists of lithium, this element and four atoms of (*) hydrogen. A mineral containing this element, three atoms of sodium and six atoms of fluorine, called cryolite (CRY-oh-light), is used as a solvent in the purification process of this element. That process reduces this element's oxide using electrolysis, and was discovered by Charles Hall and Paul Héroult (ay-ROO). For 10 points, identify this element obtained from bauxite, which has symbol Al.

aluminum [or Al until read; or lithium aluminum hydride; do not accept or prompt on "alumina"] (The lead-in refers to the alum class of compounds.) <Prieto, Science - Chemistry>

A protein in the HSP70 family that is localized to the ER is named for "binding" to these molecules. The kinetoplast of Crithidia luciliae is used to detect examples of these entities that bind to dsDNA. The binding of these proteins to their substrates can produce C3 convertase and trigger the classical complement pathway. These proteins are used to visualize indirect fluorescence, in which (*) secondary types of these proteins bind primary ones in a technique commonly used with Western blots. One of these proteins, rheumatoid factor, binds to the Fc region of another of these proteins. These proteins, made of two heavy chains and two light chains, are secreted by B cells. For 10 points, name these Y-shaped proteins which bind to antigens.

antibodies [or immunoglobulins; accept autoantibodies; accept anti-nuclear antibodies] <Wang, Science - Biology>

A 1958 book on the "method of theory" of the "American" form of this discipline stated the authors' belief that this discipline is "anthropology or it is nothing." A 20th-century practitioner of this discipline adapted Robert Merton's idea of "middle range theories" to describe an approach to this discipline that involved ethnographic fieldwork among hunter-gatherer societies. Lewis Binford pioneered the "new," or (*) "processual," form of this discipline. The "Harris matrix" is a method of creating seriation diagrams in this discipline that rely on the laws of "original horizontality," "stratigraphic succession," and "superposition." Sites such as Göbekli Tepe (go-BEK-lee TEH-pay) and Cahokia (kuh-HO-kee-uh) are examined by practitioners of, for 10 points, what academic discipline concerning the excavation of human-built sites?

archaeology [accept ethnoarchaeology or processual archaeology or new archaeology or middle-range archaeology; accept forms of the word archaeology such as archaeological study; do not accept or prompt on "paleontology" or similar answers] <Hart, Social Science - Other>

The historian Richard W. Bulliet examined the military advantage offered by these animals in a book that paired them with the wheel. A corps named for these animals established by Henry C. Wayne was used for carrying mail at Fort Mohave but was shuttered due to associations with Jefferson Davis. In a battle named for these animals, Talha and Zubair were killed leading a rebel army. In that 656 CE battle named for these animals, (*) Aisha was captured by the caliph Ali. The salty milk from these animals is drunk by Bedouins. One of these animals was accidentally shot in the head at the Battle of Aqaba by its rider, T. E. Lawrence. For 10 points, name these animals, the dromedary variety of which are often used for desert travel.

camels [or dromedary camels; or Bactrian camels] <Bentley, History - World>

This event begins in Cologne on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month, and in medieval times, it saw a ceremonial transfer of power to women. Popes Leo X and Clement VII both banned the practice of throwing rotten oranges at Jews who were forced to run naked through Rome during this event. Fastnachtsspiel (FOSST-nokt-shpeel) plays were staged in Germany during this event. In France, this event typically began on Quinquagesima Sunday, while Bavarians start celebrating it after the (*) Feast of the Epiphany. In many regions, this event is most commonly celebrated on Shrove Tuesday. The name of this festival may come from the Latin phrase "the pleasure of meat," as meat is forbidden in the season that follows it. For 10 points, name this merry Catholic festival that takes place prior to Lent.

carnival [accept Fasching until "Fastnachtsspiel" is read; anti-prompt on Shrove Tuesday or Mardi Gras by asking "can you be less specific?"] <Bentley, RMP - Bible/Christianity>

One of the first stars in this profession collaborated on some projects with Reform Club member and architect Charles Barry and was named Alexis Soyer. Massimo Bottura wrote a 2011 book titled for people in this profession, some of whom run businesses called trattoria. These people often wear a starched hat called a toque blanche (toke BLONSH). In the US, the (*) James Beard foundation gives out awards to people in this profession. In 2012, one of these people named Bernard Loiseau killed himself amidst rumors that he would be downgraded from three to two Michelin stars. Auguste Escoffier's hierarchy of this profession puts their sous (soo) variety second in command. For 10 points, an apron is usually worn by members of what food preparation profession?

chefs [or cooks; or restaurateurs; or chef de cuisine; or kitchen head; or executive chef; or chef manager; or master chef; or head chef; accept Never Trust a Skinny Italian Chef] <Jose, Mixed/Other/General Knowledge>

Calcium copper titanate is a particularly strong one of these materials due to a grain boundary. Energy dissipation in these materials is quantified by the loss tangent. Implicit models of solvation treat the solvent as one of these materials, which name a quantity used to measure solvent polarity. The namesake "strength" of these materials is measured in volts per meter and gives the applied field needed to make them conduct above the (*) breakdown voltage. A quantity named for these materials is also called "relative permittivity" and is multiplied by epsilon-naught times area over distance in the parallel-plate model. For 10 points, what insulating materials are placed between the plates of a capacitor to increase capacitance?

dielectrics [accept dielectric constant; prompt on insulator] <Mukherjee, Science - Physics>

A narrative about two of these objects and a hidden marble are used in a psychological experiment devised by Simon Baron-Cohen to assess whether children attribute false beliefs to others. Papers published in 1939 and 1940 described experiments in which subjects were asked to choose between two of these objects with different characteristics by researchers Kenneth and (*) Mamie Clark. These objects, which are central to the "Sally-Anne task," were used in research summarized by expert witnesses in the Brown v. Board case. Social learning theory was devised based on an experiment in which children imitated adults' actions toward one of these objects. For 10 points, what kind of object did adults beat up in Albert Bandura's experiment involving a "bobo" one?

dolls [accept bobo dolls; prompt on toys] <Hart, Social Science - Psychology>

A piece in this genre slowly introduces the theme (read slowly and pause briefly at commas) "E, E E E, F, E, C, E" for 4 bars before it is played in triads under long falling chromatic scales. It's not a lied (leed), but a galloping horse reaches exhaustion in the slower "Animato" section of one of these pieces based on a Victor Hugo poem, which opens with a descent of broad, rolled diminished 7th chords before a cadenza. In one of these pieces, the right hand plays rapid triplets in G-flat major (*) pentatonic. "La Campanella" is the third "Grand Paganini" piece in this genre by Franz Liszt (list), who composed "Mazeppa" in a set of "Transcendental" pieces in this genre. Frédéric Chopin (sho-PAN) performed ones nicknamed "Black Key" and "Revolutionary." For 10 points, name these pieces written to train musicians.

etudes [or piano etudes; accept Chopin's etudes or Liszt's etudes; accept Transcendental Etudes or Études d'exécution transcendante or Grand Paganini Etudes or Grandes études de Paganini; prompt on study or studies] <Bollinger, Arts - Music>

Years after accidentally killing three villagers serving in this occupation during the war, the protagonist drunkenly wanders the country spending time with these people in Vonnegut's God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater. Men with this job demand a toll from a motorist before trashing his abandoned Model-T, prompting Coalhouse Walker to seize J. P. Morgan's library, in E. L. Doctorow's Ragtime. A character with a different version of this job believes that a car of teenagers killed his (*) 17-year-old neighbor, Clarisse McClellan. Men with that version of this job wear salamander insignias and use the Mechanical Hound in a novel in which their leader, Captain Beatty, is incinerated by the protagonist. For 10 points, Guy Montag has what job that, in Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451, involves burning books?

firemen [or volunteer fire fighters; prompt on answers involving book burning] <Brownstein, Literature - American>

"Higher-order" examples of these things include "filter" and "bind," both of which allow for partial application. Christopher Strachey proposed treating these things as "first-class citizens," which allows them to be passed as arguments. The technique known as currying reduces the arity (AIR-it-ee) of these things to one, and is often used to optimize tail calls. Compilers can "inline" the (*) body of these things as an optimization to increase a program's speed. A programming paradigm named for these objects lacks side effects, and is exemplified by ML and Haskell. Methods and subroutines are examples of, for 10 points, what procedures in computer science that are similar to mathematical entities that map a domain onto a range?

functions [accept purely functional programming; accept partial functions, first-order functions, or higher-order functions; prompt on methods or subroutines or procedures or subprograms] <Jose, Science - Computer Science>

Near the equator, this structure's namesake "dip angle" is approximately zero since its individual components are parallel to the surface. During the Pleistocene, this phenomenon underwent an "excursion" known as the Laschamp event. Walter Elsasser proposed that this phenomenon was generated from the mechanical motion of a fluid interacting with a (*) conductor. Dynamo theory explains the origins of this phenomenon, which generates the patterns in mid-ocean ridges that confirmed the Vine-Matthews-Morley hypothesis. "Stripes" in mid-ocean ridges that are used for geologic dating are caused by "reversals" of this structure's polarity. For 10 points, name this field which has a strength of around .65 Gauss, and affects compasses used on Earth.

geomagnetic field [accept Earth's magnetic field; prompt on magnetic field] <Jose, Science - Earth Science>

A defect in one enzyme in this pathway has a severe "Beppu" variant and causes echinocytes to appear on a peripheral smear. An enzyme that catalyzes the start of this pathway has three subtypes referred to as "low K-sub-m" isozymes for their increased affinity to their substrate, and also a fourth isozyme that is found only in the liver. Another enzyme in this pathway performs an aldol cleavage to form the intermediate DHAP. This pathway begins with (*) substrate-level phosphorylation carried out by hexokinase and ends with two three-carbon molecules that are eventually converted into acetyl-CoA. For 10 points, name this first step of cellular respiration that cleaves glucose to create two pyruvate molecules.

glycolysis [or Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway; or Entner-Doudoroff pathway; prompt on cellular respiration] <Kalathiveetil, Science - Biology>

It is implied that these figures created "The Diary of P." and "The A.B. Memoirs," as well as objects found in a footlocker near Bangor. These figures often greet and say goodbye to each other with the phrase "Under His Eye." One of these figures finds the phrase "nolite te bastardes carborundorum" (NOH-lee-tay TAY bas-TAR-dace car-boh-run-DOH-rum) carved into a cupboard. Groups of these figures use their bare hands to kill a condemned person in a type of Salvaging known as a (*) Particicution. These figures are trained by Aunts at Rachel and Leah Centers, and are given new names referring to the member of the ruling class of Gilead to whom they are assigned. The protagonist Offred (OFF-red) is a member of, for 10 points, what group of fertile women in a novel by Margaret Atwood?

handmaids [accept The Handmaid's Tale; prompt on women] <Carson, Literature - World>

The amount of two isoforms of creatine kinase can be used to test for this condition in the CK-MB test. Sgarbossa's (SCAR-bo-sah's) criteria can help to diagnose this condition, especially when it is complicated by the presence of a left bundle branch block. The levels of troponins T and I can indicate the presence of this condition. This condition can be classified into ST elevation and non-ST elevation types based on the result from an (*) ECG. This condition can be caused by the buildup of cholesterol into plaques of coronary arteries, known as atherosclerosis (ATH-er-oh-sclerosis). Common symptoms of this condition include shortness of breath and chest pain radiating up the left arm. For 10 points, name this condition in which blood flow stops to a part of the heart.

heart attack [or myocardial infarction; prompt on MI] <Ramaswami, Science - Biology>

The most famous of the Eleusa style of these objects is named for its one-time home in the city of Vladimir. Acheiropoieta (ah-kair-oh-poy-EE-tah) are artworks of this type believed not to have been made by humans, such as the legendary Mandylion of Edessa. These objects may be protected by a riza, a partial cover of ornamented metal. One of these artworks depicts three angels sitting around a cup and is titled The Holy Trinity. One pose in these artworks is called (*) "Pantocrator," and another, called "Hodegetria," shows the Theotokos, or Virgin Mary, pointing towards the infant Jesus by her side. Andrei Rublev painted many of these artworks, whose use was opposed during two periods in Byzantine history. For 10 points, name these religious paintings often venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church.

icons <Kothari, Arts - Painting>

In the Goldschmidt classification, species are grouped by whether their preferred host is rock, ores, gas, or this element. This element and a more dense one "rained out" of molten material during the "catastrophe" named for it, a key step in planetary differentiation. Siderophiles are named for their preference for this element, which is said to be (*) "telluric" if it is found on Earth as not part of an ore. This element bonded to sulfur forms galena (guh-LEE-nuh). Ores of this element include a specimen historically called lodestone and the reddish-brown hematite. Fool's gold, or pyrite, is an ore of this metal, which along with nickel is a major element of the Earth's core. For 10 points, name this magnetic chemical element abbreviated Fe.

iron [or Fe until read] <Jose, Science - Earth Science>

Von Weizsäcker (VYTE-secker) developed a functional to describe this quantity that is commonly used in Thomas-Fermi DFT. This quantity is transferred from large-scale to small-scale eddies in a Kolmogorov (kull-ma-GOR-uff) cascade. In time-of-flight mass spectrometry, all ions with the same charge will also have the same value of this quantity. By measuring this quantity for an emitted photoelectron, one can calculate the work function of a metal. This quantity equals "gamma minus one times (*) m c-squared" in special relativity, and "p-squared divided by 2m" in Newtonian mechanics. This quantity is conserved in elastic collisions but not inelastic collisions. For 10 points, name this quantity which equals one-half times mass times velocity squared and represents the energy of motion.

kinetic energy [prompt on K or T; prompt on energy] <Mukherjee, Science - Physics>

Kreiner showed the negative effects of this type of policy when Danish citizens turn 18. A 2016 law applies this type of policy only to Britons older than 25. Some 300,000 Albertans are slated to benefit from a change in this policy that mirrors one passed in 2014 by now-disgraced mayor Ed Murray. Researchers at Berkeley and the University of Washington put out rival studies in 2017 about whether this type of policy reduced available (*) hours. SMIC (S-M-I-C), a French policy of this type, is adjusted each January based on factors such as the consumer price index. A "ten ten" policy of this type in the US would bring 900,000 people out of poverty, while one in Seattle may be negatively affecting restaurant jobs. For 10 points, name this policy that sets the lowest amount of money that a worker can legally be paid.

minimum wage [or National Living Wage; or changing the minimum wage; or raising the minimum wage; or 15-dollar minimum wage; do NOT accept things such as "universal basic income"; prompt on wage] <Bentley, Current Events - Foreign>

Accusations that an object housed in these places at Hailes (hails) contained either duck's blood or saffron honey led a group of commissioners to seize that vial. Supporters of these places carried a banner that depicted arms and feet around a heart and chalice to represent the "Five Wounds of Christ." The "lesser" type of these places were the first to be targeted after a tour of visitation conducted by Thomas Cromwell. Robert Aske led (*) supporters of these places in the Pilgrimage of Grace uprising. A king who was given authority over these institutions by the Act of Supremacy appropriated their income as part of their 1536 "dissolution." Henry VIII disbanded many Cistercian and Benedictine examples of these places. For 10 points, name these institutions where monks live.

monasteries [or abbeys; or religious houses; accept synonyms such as convents and cloisters] <Brownstein, History - European>

In a story from the Jataka, lightning destroys a hunter's house as punishment for killing three of these beings, namely Nandiya, Jollikin, and their starving mother. A Japanese folktale depicts one of them being revenge-killed by the children of a crab. One of these beings marries the widowed Tara after defeating his own brother to become the king of Kishkindha. A deity who resembled this animal was conceived when his mother ate divine cake sent by the wind god Vayu; that deity once once (*) lifted an entire mountain while searching for an herb. Sugriva and other vanaras are generally depicted in the form of this animal, as was a deity who destroyed Lankapuri after Ravana's guards set his tail on fire. For 10 points, name this type of animal, whose form is taken by Hanuman.

monkeys [prompt on vanaras until "vanaras" is read] <Grames, RMP - Other Myth> NSC 2018 - Round 02 - Bonuses

A set of three sacred examples of these features is found at Dewa (DAY-wa) and is venerated by a sect founded by En no Gyoja. Worship of these features was incorporated into Shugendo, some practitioners of which are named for prostrating themselves at these features. Yamabushi are considered mystics of these features. One of them named Hiei (HEE-ay) was the site of the Enryaku-ji (EN-ryah-koo-JEE) monastery, which was razed by Oda Nobunaga. An hourglass-shaped one of these features, which (*) measures 80,000 yojanas in height and is named Sumeru (soo-meh-roo), is the axis-mundi in Buddhism. Along with flowers, one of these features was represented by Sakuya-hime (SAH-koo-ya-HEE-may); that example of these features contains a crater with "eight sacred peaks." For 10 points, Fuji is an example of what kind of landform?

mountains [or volcanoes] <Wang, RMP - Other Religion>

Due to a lack of rete pegs, this tissue tends to shear easily. Less of this tissue forms during primary intention than during secondary intention. Reactive astrocytes can produce "glial" analogues of this tissue, formed after injury to the central nervous system. The keloid type of this tissue can form tumors. This tissue's fibers are oriented in only one direction, not the basket-weave pattern typically formed by (*) collagen. The atrophic type of this tissue is often seen in acne patients. A form of this tissue known as "stretch marks" can occur during pregnancy. This tissue, which forms after damage to the dermis, does not contain sweat glands or hair follicles. For 10 points, name this fibrous tissue that replaces skin after an injury.

scar tissue [accept glial scars] <Wang, Science - Biology>

Scattering experiments performed on these molecules are interpreted in Kratky or Guinier plots. The synthesis of these molecules by the ROMP (romp) reaction involves the relief of ring strain. Molecules can be "masked" from the immune system by attaching one of these molecules in the process of PEGylation (peg-ill-AY-shun). The telechelic (tell-uh-KEE-lick) versions of these molecules contain reactive (*) end groups. These molecules can form through "living" reaction mechanisms that propagate through anionic (ANN-ionic), cationic (CAT-ionic), or radical intermediates. The polydispersity (poly-dis-PURR-sit-ee) index characterizes their mass distribution, and DuPont created one of them from chloroprene (CLOR-oh-preen). For 10 points, name these molecules which can be formed by step-growth or chain-growth mechanisms, which include neoprene and nylon.

polymers [accept proteins before "ROMP" is mentioned, prompt afterwards] <Wang, Science - Chemistry>

Sam Stein and Gideon Resnick in the Daily Beast called out Tom Perez for not personally joining one of these events. Matt Bevin apologized for stating that these events would lead to sexual assaults. The Goldwater Institute criticized the constitutionality of one of these events, which included a large gathering at Chase Field. A 110-mile march was staged by participants in one of these events, who were the subject of the failed (*) Step Up plan to raise taxes on wind energy and tobacco. Participants in one of these events in Arizona wore red shirts. During one of these events in 2018, Katrina Ruff held up a sign outside of the Capitol in Oklahoma City reading "Thanks to West Virginia." For 10 points, name these events where educators walk off the job.

public teacher strikes [or teacher work stoppages; accept teacher walk-offs until "walk off" is read; prompt on strikes or public sector worker strikes; prompt on teacher rallies] <Bentley, Current Events - United States>

Lev Landau showed that, under certain conditions, the cyclotron motions of charged particles have this property, a fact which allows resistance to be written in terms of the von Klitzing constant. A sharp peak at 254 nanometers corresponding to 4.9 electron-volts implied this result in an experiment that fired electrons through a vapor of mercury and was run by Franck and Hertz. When deriving his law of blackbody radiation, (*) Max Planck arbitrarily assumed that energy has this property. Einstein explained the photoelectric effect by proposing that light is a particle, and thus has this property. For 10 points, name this property where at small scales, quantities become discretized, which names a subfield of physics involving wavefunctions and randomness.

quantization [accept word forms indicating things are quantized or in quanta or are quantum; accept anything suggesting things are discrete or discretized until "discretized" is read] <Wang, Science - Physics>

The Imagist collection Sea Garden opens with a poem about one of these objects, which H.D. describes as "lifted in the crisp sand that drives in the wind." In a "Song," Edmund Waller bids one of these objects to "Go" to teach "one who wastes her time and me." The speaker of "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love" promises "beds of" these objects. In another poem, one of these objects is threatened by "the invisible worm that flies in the (*) night in the howling storm," which has found its "bed of crimson joy." A William Blake poem about syphilis is titled for a "sick" one of these objects, which Robert Herrick advised virgins to gather "while ye may." Robert Burns compares his love to a "red, red" example of, for 10 points, what kind of flower?

roses [or sea rose; or rosebuds; prompt on flowers or buds] <Bollinger, Literature - British>

A man from Argos who has this occupation meets Telemachus in Sparta and hitches a ride to Ithaca with him. Another of these people takes a reviving herb from a snake after finding the body of the child Glaucus in a pot of honey. Theoclymenus (thee-oh-klih-MAY-nus) and Polyidus (poly-EYE-dus) did this job, as did a brother of Bias who pulled a knife out of a tree, then used it to heal the son of Anaxagoras. That man with this occupation heard two termites (*) talking in his prison cell, warning him of its impending collapse. Melampus had this occupation, as did both Mopsus and his rival Calchas. Another of these characters spent seven years as a woman and served as an advisor in Thebes. For 10 points, identify the occupation of Tiresias and others who had visions of the future.

seers [or prophets; or augurs; or soothsayers; prompt on oracles] <Carson, RMP - Greco-Roman Myth>

Removing three holes from one of these objects creates a topological surface called the "pair of pants." A Morin surface is formed by manipulating one of these objects, and David Hilbert illustrated that all geodesics (geo-DEE-sicks) on this structure are closed curves. The number of these objects that can touch another one of these objects is known as the (*) kissing number. Johannes Kepler proposed a famous conjecture about the optimal packings for this structure in three-dimensional space. A coordinate system named after this object represents points as a distance, a polar angle, and an azimuthal angle. For 10 points, name this object that consists of all points in three-dimensional space that are equidistant to a given point.

spheres <Minarik, Science - Math>

The effects of this condition are described in a pioneering patient narrative by German humanist Ulrich von Hutten. The Fugger (FOOG-guh) family imported guaiacum (GWY-uh-kum) wood from Hispaniola for the treatment of this condition, a method the alchemist Paracelsus opposed in favor of the use of mercury. Mercenaries afflicted with this condition were unable to fight in the Battle of Fornovo after spreading it to Naples during King Charles VIII's (*) Italian campaign, beginning its common association with France. Along with maize and potatoes, this disease is one of the species usually thought to have been brought to the Old World via the Columbian Exchange. For 10 points, name this sexually-transmitted disease whose final stage causes disfigurement and insanity.

syphilis [accept French disease before "France"] <Brownstein, History - European>

This organization was likened to a cult in the title of a 1974 book by Victor Marchetti. It's not the NSC, but in 1946 Harry Truman appointed Sidney Souers to be this organization's first leader. Its one-time leader William Colby devised many of the "stay-behinds" for Operation Gladio. Its "Family Jewels" documents were released to the public during the (*) Church Committee hearings, in which Mary Embree claimed that this organization developed a "heart attack gun." Gerald Ford appointed George H. W. Bush to serve as its director in the 1970s. This organization succeeded the Office of Strategic Services and generally lacks a domestic charter. For 10 points, name this US government agency that gathers information about foreign espionage.

the CIA [or the Central Intelligence Agency] <Jose, History - American>

A. J. R. Prentice theorized that this entity formed as a result of the shedding of systems of rings and tori (TOR-eye) of gas. This entity is treated as a dynamical system that evolves over time in the Nice (NEESE) model. Pierre-Simon Laplace proposed that this structure formed after a giant molecular cloud collapsed, creating a "disk" from which this structure's constituents formed. The (*) Hill sphere is often used to define the boundaries of this structure, which extends beyond both TNOs and Kuiper (KYE-per) belt objects. The farthest edge of the Oort Cloud and the heliopause (HEEL-ee-oh-pause) have been proposed as alternate ways to define the boundaries of this set of objects. For 10 points, name this astronomical structure, which includes eight planets and the Sun.

the Solar System [accept the planets of the Solar System] <Jose, Science - Astronomy>

The rate of this process for an infinite plane, infinite cylinder, or sphere can be determined using a Heisler chart. The ability of a material to resist this process is primarily determined by the rate of umklapp (OOM-clop) scattering processes. The denominator of the Biot (bee-OH) number contains a quantity that characterizes this process and is a transport coefficient involving a body's interior. This process can be explained microscopically due to diffusion of free electrons and vibration of (*) phonons. The rate of this process is proportional to the gradient in temperature, according to Fourier's law. This process can be explained by molecular collisions causing transfer of energy. For 10 points, name this form of heat transfer by direct contact, contrasted with radiation and convection.

thermal conduction [or heat conduction; prompt on heat transfer] <Busse, Science - Physics>

In Daniel's Dream of Four Beasts, the Ancient of Days had one of these objects that "was flaming with fire." One of these objects is described as the source of the river of water of life in the Book of Revelation, which details the four and twenty elders, seven spirits, and four beasts that surround it. A class of celestial beings that share their name with these objects transport one that is seen carried on a fiery chariot in a vision of Ezekiel. In Islam, God's (*) object of this sort is referred to as al-'Arsh, and is said to "includeth the heavens and the earth" in a popular verse from the Al-Baqara surah. In The Acts of the Apostles, God compares Heaven to one of these objects belonging to him and the earth to his footstool. For 10 points, name these pieces of furniture on which kings sit.

thrones [prompt on chairs or seats] <Reinstein, RMP - Bible/Christianity>

One paper about this concept concludes by identifying the writer's position with Hegel, who saw this concept as a "distorted reflexion" of reality that Kant referred to this concept as a "form of inner sense" in the Transcendental Aesthetic. The A-series and B-series theories of this concept were introduced in a J. M. E. McTaggart paper titled for the "unreality" of this concept. Henri Bergson (BAIRK-son) paired this concept with "free will" in the title of a book that uses the term (*) "duration." Theories of this concept include the "growing block," as well as a theory that holds that John F. Kennedy still exists. For 10 points, name this concept, subject of theories like presentism, that Einstein united into a manifold with space.

time <Boyd, RMP - Philosophy>

An 1890 concession gave Gerald Talbot a monopoly over this crop in Iran, sparking an riot in Tehran. A boycott of the Austrian government's monopoly over this product sparked the Five Days of Milan in 1848. The leading merchants of 18th-century Glasgow were known as the "lords" of this crop. The use of this crop was dubbed "loathsome to the eye" and "harmful to the brain" in a treatise titled for a (*) "Counterblaste" to it by James I of England. Along with sugar and cotton, this crop was the chief export to England via the triangular trade; in England, it was popularized by Walter Raleigh after John Rolfe made it a cash crop in Virginia. For 10 points, name this plant, a chief ingredient in cigarettes.

tobacco <Bentley, History - European>

This is the number of atoms of carbon plus atoms of oxygen in the ring of the smallest crown ether, and is the first number in its name. Atoms in both hexagonal close-packed and face-centered cubic structures have this coordination number. This is the number of carbon atoms in a lauryl (LAW-rill) group, which can be found in the surfactant (*) SDS. This is the total number of carbons in ethyl-propyl-heptane. The metal with this atomic number is found at the center of chlorophyll; that metal is magnesium. Pentane contains this many hydrogens, which is also the same number of hydrogens in glucose. For 10 points, identify the atomic mass for the most abundant carbon isotope.

twelve [or 12] <Prieto, Science - Chemistry>

It's not electrophoresis (electro-for-EE-siss), but running this technique, removing the solvent, rotating the system 90 degrees, and adding a new solvent is this technique's two-dimensional form. A polyhistidine (poly-HISS-tid-een) tag and nickel, or GST and glutathione (gloot-uh-THIGH-own), are common methods of immobilizing biomolecules in the "affinity" version of this technique. Salt concentration is tightly controlled in the ion-exchange form of this technique, and broadening in it is described by the (*) van Deemter equation. A column full of gel is used in this technique's gel permeation type, while the HPLC (H-P-L-C) type performs it at high pressure. Every technique of this kind has a stationary and a mobile phase. For 10 points, identify this technique that separates mixtures, such as ink on wet paper.

two-dimensional chromatography [or affinity chromatography; or ion-exchange chromatography; or gel permeation chromatography; or high-pressure liquid chromatography; prompt on IEC, GPC, or HPLC] <Prieto, Science - Chemistry>

In a symphonic poem by Dvořák, a mother teases her misbehaving son about one of these characters, who is represented by the bass clarinet. One of these characters sings the aria "Hurr Hopp Hopp Hopp" excitedly in the third act of an 1893 opera. In a symphonic finale whose English name mentions these characters, a tolling bell repeats the dirge C C G, bassoons and ophicleides (OFF-ih-clydes) play the Dies Irae (DEE-ess EE-ray), and a wild fugue depicts the "vulgar" round dance of these characters with a shrill, distorted version of the (*) idée fixe (ee-day FEEKS). An artist dreams about these sinister characters in the fifth and final movement of Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique. For 10 points, name these characters that include the antagonist of Engelbert Humperdinck's opera Hansel and Gretel.

witches [accept The Noon Witch or The Noonday Witch or Polednice; accept "Dream of a Witches' Sabbath"; accept Gingerbread Witch or Nibblewitch or hexe] <Magin, Arts - Music>