PAMS set 2
a therapeutic effect to a depth of over 2 centimeter
Conduction achieves
alternating current
ENS uses what kind of current?
an energy transfer when a substance changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor.
Evaporation involves
of the delay of production of metabolites. the impact cold has on the inflammatory and healing processes.
From a biophysiological perspective, cryotherapy modalities must be used judiciously because of these two reasons:
The magnitude or intensity of the electrical current
Peak amplitude refers to which concept?
true
TENS is designed to help patients reduce pain
amplitude; duration
The basic properties of the electrical current flow are the _____ and the _____ of the current.
Decreased viscosity
Therapeutically, superficial cooling of tissue produces all but which ONE of the following?
Deformation of the crystal causes oscillations or pressure waves into adjacent tissue.
Which of the following best describes how ultrasound works?
Pain management
Which of the following is NOT and indication for NMES?
Raynaud's disease
Which of the following is contraindicated for the use of cryotherapy?
15 minutes
Typically, what is the time that cryotherapy or cold is applied to tissue during a therapy session?
longitudinal wave
Ultrasound energy is propagated through what form of sound wave?
The piezoelectric effect.
Ultrasound is based on what principle?
Concentric CORRECT not a wave form for nmes Other choices : Biphasic Asymmetrical , Symmetrical
Which of the following is not the waveform for NMES
When there is an imbalance in electrons in two distinct locations
What causes electric current to flow?
It requires an intact or partially intact peripheral nerve. The person needs to have some type of movement.
What does NMES require?
Describes the relationship between current and resistance
What does Ohm?s Law state?
It describes the relationship between the spatial peak intensity (SPI) and the spatial average intensity (SAI).
What does the Beam Non-uniformity ratio mean?
The amount of time between the stimulation period and the rest period
What does the duty cycle refer to?
size of the area being treated
What is a primary consideration for applying ice massage?
messy as the media melts
What is a primary difficulty with using ice towels?
It is delayed vasodilation followed by vasoconstriction lasting up to 30 minutes.
What is the 'hunting response'?
Vasoconstriction of arterioles
What is the INITIAL vascular response that occurs with the application of cold?
Larger motor units are recruited first
What is the difference between electrically stimulated movement vs. volitional movement?
59 degrees F
What is the minimum tissue temperature that superficial cooling should safely achieve?
Alternating current
What type of current does NMES use?
Small myelinated pain fibers
What type of sensory nerve fibers are first affected when applying cold?
Biphasic usually symmetrical
What type of waveform is the TENS?
When someone cannot do an active movement or a full contraction
When do you use NMES?
for acute pain
When do you use high frequency TENS?
for chronic pain
When do you use low frequency TENS?
Have the patient engage in pumping activities of the extremity.
When immersing an extremity in a cold medium, what can realistically be done to prevent potential dependent edema?
action potential
When tissues respond to the current parameters of intensity, pulse duration, and pulse frequency, it is called
It is generated from kinetic energy from sound waves traveling through the tissue
Where does the heat come from in continuous (100% duty cycle) ultrasound?
pulsed current
Which electrical current is interrupted for short periods of time?
An energy exchange between two materials transferring heat from the patient's extremity to the cooling agent.
Which of the following best describes conduction?
ransfer of energy is from the cooling agent to the patient's extremity. NOT TRUE
Which of the following statements is NOT true:
Bone CORRECT answer Other choices Skin Blood Tendon Fat
Which of the following tissue has the highest impedance value and acoustic absorption coefficient?
facilitation of wound healing
Which one of the following best explains the benefit of non-thermal ultrasound?
With open lesions or wounds Ultrasound #8 answer: The correct answer is open lesions and wounds. Although some plastic components may be harmed by thermal ultrasound, it would not be so with pulsed ultrasound. The question did not distinguish thermal from pulsed ultrasound so the correct answer would be over open wounds. Superficial thermal penetrates to a depth of 1-2 cm.
Which one of the following would be contraindicated for ultrasound use?
gate control theory
Which theory does high frequency TENs use?
endorphin theory
Which theory does low frequency TENS use?
Frequency's using 1 MHz
Which ultrasound parameter is more prone to unstable cavitation?
cognitively impaired
Who are poor candidates for NMES?
false
You can use NMES on a spinal cord patient with no movement?
Muscle reeducation, Disuse atrophy, Edema, Contracture management , ROM ,Spasticity
indications for nmes
Biphasic Asymmetrical , Symmetrical
wave forms for nmes