Parasitology midterm

There are more antibiotics available to treat eukaryotic parasite infection compare to that of bacteria infection because eukaryotic parasite belong to same domain as human. A. True B. False

B. False

Which of the following disease is transmitted via contaminated water? A. Chagas' disease B. Giardiasis C. African sleeping sickness D. Leishmaniasis

B. Giardiasis

Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by: A. Trypanosoma brucei gambience B. Leishmania donovani C. Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania braziliensis D. Leishmania braziliensis

B. Leishmania donovani

All of the following are examples of asexual reproduction EXCEPT: A. Multiple Fission B. Sporogony C. Multiple Fission D. Schizogony

B. Sporogony

Local city water supplies have been sources of parasitic infections. The most common organisms implicated in these events include: a. Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia b. Trypanosoma brucei gambience and Entamoeba histolytica c. Toxoplasma gondii and Entamoeba histolytica d. Giardia lamblia and Toxoplasma gondii

a. Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia

Hookworms and threadworms usually enter the body by penetrating into the skin. a. True b. False

a. True

In temperate zones, pinworms are the most common helminth infection. a. True b. False

a. True

Concomitant infection refers to______ A. chronic infection involve more than one organs B. infection with latent satge C. infection treated with more than one antibiotics D. one individual infected with more than one pathogens during the same time period

D. one individual infected with more than one pathogens during the same time period

Chagas disease involves transmission of the pathogen by the A. phlebotomine (sand) fly. B. Anopheles mosquito. C. hard-bodied tick. D. reduviid, "kissing," bug. E. tsetse fly.

D. reduviid, "kissing," bug.

Outbreaks of diarrhea have been caused by a parasite that has been associated with raspberries, strawberries, herbs, and baby lettuces. The most likely parasite is: a. Cryptosporidium parvum b. Toxoplasma gondii c. Cyclospora cayetanensis d. Giardia lamblia

c. Cyclospora cayetanensis

Which is incorrect about malaria? a. Gametocytes enter the mosquito as she draws a blood meal from a human. b. Trophozoites develop in RBCs. c. Merozoites enter and multiply in liver cells. d. The mosquito inoculates human blood with sporozoites. e. None of the choices are correct.

c. Merozoites enter and multiply in liver cells.

The entire body of an adult tapeworm is called the? a. Scolex b. Proglottid c. Stroblia d. Gravid Proglottid

c. Stroblia

Which of the following infections are not diagnosed by finding eggs or lava in fecal specimens: a. Necator spp. b. Ascaris lumbricoides c. Trichinella spiralis d. Trichuris trichiura

c. Trichinella spiralis

The large intestines of pigs are the primary reservoir of the pathogen that causes a. amebic meningoencephalitis. b. cryptosporidiosis and cyclosporiasis. c. balantidiasis. d. amebiasis and trichomoniasis. e. trypanosomiasis leishmaniasis.

c. balantidiasis.

An animal that harbors a parasite that can also infect humans is referred to as a(n): a. Definitive host b. Transport host c. Intermediate host d. Reservoir host

d. Reservoir host

Most patients with toxoplasmosis that are not immunocompromised experience A. urinary frequency and pain, and vaginal discharge. B. bloody, mucus-filled stools, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss. C. fever, swollen lymph nodes, and joint pain. D. sore throat, low grade fever, and swollen lymph nodes. E. chills, fever, and sweating.

D. sore throat, low grade fever, and swollen lymph nodes.

The host in which the parasite reaches sexual or reproductive maturity is referred to as a(n)

Definitive host

which of the following is the the largest intestinal roundworm? a. Onchocerca volvulus b. Ascaris lumbricoides c. Trichinella spiralis d. loa loa

b. Ascaris lumbricoides

Zoonosis is a term used to describe humans' relationship with a(n): a. Accidental parasite b. Ectoparasite c. Endoparasite d. Facultative parasite

a. Accidental parasite

Toxoplasma gondii can infect most mammals but can only reproduce in: a. Pigs b. Cats c. Humans d. Cattle

b. Cats

The diagnosis of Enterobius vermicularis infection is accomplished by observing: Answers: a. Eggs in feces b. Eggs recovered from the perianal region c. Larva in feces d. Trophozoites in feces

b. Eggs recovered from the perianal region

Plasmodium species are hemoflagellates. a. True b. False

b. False

Trichinellosis includes all the following, except a. the first symptoms are diarrhea, nausea, fever, and pain. b. humans are infected by ingesting encysted larvae. c. the larvae migrate from intestines to blood and various body tissues. d. infection is associated with ingestion of undercooked pork or bear meat. e. all of the choices are correct

e. all of the choices are correct

Which of the following involved in specific (adaptive) immunity? A. Antibody B. Lysozyme in saliva and tear C. Neutrophils D. T cells E. B cells F. A, D, E G. All of the above

F. A, D, E

Chiropractic doctors are not required to report patients with malaria. Only primary care physicians do. a. True b. False

False

What are the notifiable disease conditions

1. Babesiosis 2. Cryptospordium 3. Cyclospora 4. Giardiasis 5. Malaria

What are the five neglected parasitic infections

1. Chagas disease 2. Cysticercosis 3. Toxocariasis 4. Toxoplasmosis 5. Trichomoniasis

You have flown to a sub-tropical climate on a medical mission to help treat parasitic infections in an area of poor sanitation. Many of the individuals have been infected by a helminth, capable of exiting the host through the nose, mouth and anus. You have identified the white creamy worms as: A. Ascaris lumbricoides B. Ancyclostoma duodenale C. Anisakis marina D. Ancylostoma canium

A. Ascaris lumbricoides

While on a backpacking trip in Maine, Julie and her friends obtained their drinking water from several different pristine streams, adding one or two drops of bleach to ensure its safety. Several days later Julie began experiencing abdominal distress, specifically cramping, fatty diarrhea, and flatulence. When it didn't clear up within several days, Julie visited her doctor. Which of the following would be the most likely cause of Julie's symptoms? A. Giardia intestinalis B. E. coli O157:H7 C. Schistosoma mansoni D. Entamoeba histolytica E. Toxoplasma gondii

A. Giardia intestinalis

An Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite may be identified by which of the following morphologic features? A. Ingested RBCs and a single nucleus with a central karyosome B. Ingested WBCs and two nucleoli with central karyosomes C. Ingested RBCs and a single nucleus with an eccentric karyosome D. Ingested RBCs, a single nucleus, and a large cytoplasmic glycogen vacuole

A. Ingested RBCs and a single nucleus with a central karyosome

The Trypanosoma cruzi amastigote: A. Is the intracellular, dividing form that can be found in macrophages or heart muscle B. Is the non-dividing form found in the rejuviid bug C. Has a characteristic "C" shape D. None of the above

A. Is the intracellular, dividing form that can be found in macrophages or heart muscle

which drug is used for onchocerciases, ascariasis, strongyloidiasis? A. Ivermectin B. Albendazole C. Mebendazole D. Piperazine

A. Ivermectin

In the Ascaris lumbricoides life cycle, after eggs are ingested, the next stage in the life cycle that must occur before a mature adult can live in the host's intestine is called the: A. Liver-lung migration B. Diagnostic stage C. Method of infection D. Infective stage

A. Liver-lung migration

A person carrying one gene for sickle-cell hemoglobin will be resistant to Plasmodium infection. A. True B. False

A. True

African sleeping sickness is caused by A. Trypanosoma brucei. B. Leishmania brasiliensis. C. Trypanosoma cruzi. D. Plasmodium falciparum. E. Isospora belli.

A. Trypanosoma brucei.

Amebiasis symptoms include A. bloody, mucus-filled stools, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss. B. chills, fever, and sweating. C. sore throat, low-grade fever, and swollen lymph nodes. D. urinary frequency and pain, and vaginal discharge. E. fever, swollen lymph nodes, and joint pain.

A. bloody, mucus-filled stools, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss.

Diagnosis of giardiasis involves checking __________ in feces. A. cysts B. trophozoites C. eggs D. larva E. All of the choices are correct.

A. cysts

Which of the follow disease affects fetus development if pregnant women contract the disease for the first time during pregnancy? A. toxoplasmosis B. African sleeping sickness C. giardiasis D. malaria

A. toxoplasmosis

The definitive host for Echinococcus granulosus is a: A. Cow B. Dog C. Human D. Sheep

B. Dog

Chagas disease is treated with chloroquine. A. True B. False

B. False

Plasmodium species are hemoflagellates. A. True B. False

B. False

which drug is used for Filariasis, ascariasis, strongyloidiasis, and some adult worms? A. Dienthycarbamazine B. Albendazole C. Mebendazole D. Piperazine

B. Albendazole

Toxoplasma gondii can infect most mammals but can only sexually reproduce in: A. Pigs B. Cats C. Humans D. Cattle

B. Cats

Which of the following disease is transmitted via tsetse fly bites? A. Chagas' disease B. Giardiasis C. African sleeping sickness D. Leishmaniasis

C. African sleeping sickness

All following protozoan infect cardiovascular, lymphatic systems EXCEPT A. Plasmodium species. B. Trypanosoma species C. Cyclospora species D. Leishmania species

C. Cyclospora species

Human are intermediate host for _____________- A. Taenia saginata B. Taenia solium C. Echinococcus granulosus D. Diphyllobothrium latum

C. Echinococcus granulosus

The following image is ______________ which may be found in ___________ of patient. A. Giardia lamblia trophozoites, stomach B. Giardia lamblia cyst, small intestine C. Giardia lamblia trophozoite, small intestine D. Giardia lamblia cysts, liver

C. Giardia lamblia trophozoite, small intestine

Which is not correct about trichinellosis? A. It can be transmitted by eating undercooked pork. B. The first symptoms mimic influenza. C. Numerous cases occur each year in the U.S. D. A cure is not available once the larvae have encysted in muscles. E. It can be transmitted by eating bear meat.

C. Numerous cases occur each year in the U.S.

Which of the following causes Chagas' disease A. Trypanosoma brucei gambience B. Leishmania donovani C. Trypanosoma cruzi D. Leishmania braziliensis

C. Trypanosoma cruzi

Human asymptomatic carriers are common in A. trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis. B. balantidiasis. C. amebiasis and trichomoniasis. D. cryptosporidiosis and malaria. E. elephantiasis.

C. amebiasis and trichomoniasis.

Human asymptomatic carriers are common in A. trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis. B. elephantiasis. C. amebiasis and trichomoniasis. D. cryptosporidiosis and malaria. E. balantidiasis.

C. amebiasis and trichomoniasis.

Strongyloides stercoralis A. rarely causes chronic infection. B. is ingested with food and does not migrate out of the intestine. is a tapeworm. C. can cause a fatal disseminated disease in immunosuppressed patients. D. All of the choices are correct.

C. can cause a fatal disseminated disease in immunosuppressed patients.

The following is TRUE regarding Dientoamoeba fragilis: A. No observable flagella but is classified as a flagellate B. The trophozoite has two nuclei connected by a division spindle filament C. Moves by means of pseudopodia when seen in feces D. All of the above are true

D. All of the above are true

Transmission of which organism(s) can occur by ingestion of undercooked meat? A. Trichuris trichuria B. Toxoplasma gondii C. Trichinella spiralis D. Answers B and C

D. Answers B and C

which of the following are included in parasitology study? A. Bacteria B. Virus C. Protozoa D. Worms E. Fungi F. Insects D. CDEF

D. CDEF (eukaryote microorganisms)

Which of the following regarding the structure/ morphology of Trichomonas vaginalis is TRUE. A. Possesses a sucking disk concavity on the ventral side to assist with attachment to the mucosa. B. Often classified as a pseudocyst due to the fact that it possesses no observables flagella. C. The trophozoite has two nuclei connected by a division spindle filament D. Can be identified by it's 4 anterior flagella and fifth flagellum that is incorporated within the undulating membrane.

D. Can be identified by it's 4 anterior flagella and fifth flagellum that is incorporated within the undulating membrane.

The free-living amoeba associated with meningitis is: A. Entamoeba coli B. Dientamoeba fragilis C. Entamoeba histolytica D. Naegleria fowleri

D. Naegleria fowleri

The first stage of the clinical course of Trypanosoma brucei is characterized by: A. Migration of the parasite along olfactory nerves leading to inflammation and infection of the brain B. Lung invasion as a result of erosion of liver abscesses C. Migration of the parasite along olfactory nerves leading to inflammation and infection of the brain D. The presence of the parasite in peripheral circulation, but not yet in the central nervous system (CNS)

D. The presence of the parasite in peripheral circulation, but not yet in the central nervous system (CNS)

Symptoms of cryptosporidiosis include A. a circular rash that appears on the trunk and spreads to the extremities. B. loss of hair. C. a red skin papule that spreads to a large ulcer. D. headache, sweating, vomiting, severe abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. E. None of the choices are correct.

D. headache, sweating, vomiting, severe abdominal cramps, and diarrhea.

Toxoplasmosis includes all the following, except immunocompromised patients often develop a fatal, disseminated infection. A. tachyzoites can cross the placenta. B. ingesting or inhaling oocysts from infected cats or cat feces. C. ingesting pseudocysts from contaminated raw or undercooked meat. D. intrauterine infectious are generally mild with very little damage to fetal tissues.

D. intrauterine infectious are generally mild with very little damage to fetal tissues.

which of the following immunological response are important for defense against eukaryotic parasites? A. IgE B. Eosinophils C. IgG D. IgA E. All of these

E. All of these

Which of the following is acquired when amoebas are forced into human nasal passages during swimming? A. Balantidium coli B. Entamoeba histolytica C. Giardia lamblia D. Toxoplasma gondii E. Naegleria fowleri

E. Naegleria fowleri

____________ is produced in response to intestinal protozoa such as Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia

IgA

Infection by protozoan parasites is associated with the production of ____________ and _______________

IgG and IgM

Most patients with toxoplasmosis that are not immunocompromised experience a. sore throat, low grade fever, and swollen lymph nodes. b. chills, fever, and sweating. c. urinary frequency and pain, and vaginal discharge. d. fever, swollen lymph nodes, and joint pain. e. bloody, mucus-filled stools, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss.

a. sore throat, low grade fever, and swollen lymph nodes.

Parasitic helminths have the following characteristics, except a. they have developmental forms that include cysts. b. they have a definitive host where the adult form lives. c. they include roundworms. d. they include tapeworms. e. they are multicellular animals.

a. they have developmental forms that include cysts.

A 10-year-old boy with symptoms of meningitis and a history of swimming in his farm pond was brought to the hospital emergency department. Examination of his CSF revealed motile amoeba measuring 12 µm in diameter. The most likely parasite is: a. Acanthamoeba spp. trophozoites b. Naeglaria fowleri trophozoites c. Dientamoeba fragilis trophozoites d. Endolimax nana trophozoites

b. Naeglaria fowleri trophozoites

All of the following are examples of asexual reproduction EXCEPT: a. Multiple Fission b. Sporogony c. Multiple Fission d. Schizogony

b. Sporogony

Pork tapeworm is caused by? a. Taenia saginata b. Taenia solium c. Hymenolepsis na na d. Diphyllobothrium latum

b. Taenia solium

Which of the following parasitic diseases is a zoonosis: a. Ascaris lumbricoides b. Trichinella spiralis c. Dracunculus medinensis d. Strongyloides stercoralis

b. Trichinella spiralis

Enterobius vermicularis is a. often fatal in heavy infestations. b. an intestinal worm that easily contaminates fingers and fomites. c. common only to the tropics and subtropics. a whipworm. d. All of the choices are correct.

b. an intestinal worm that easily contaminates fingers and fomites.

Which cells are more likely to be associated with destroying parasitic worm infection? a. neutrophils b. eosinophile c. macrophages d. basophils

b. eosinophile

Amebiasis is primarily a disease of the skin. a. conjunctiva of the eye. b. intestines and often the liver. c. lung tissue. d. brain and meninges.

b. intestines and often the liver.

Trichinella spiralis is a/an ________ that invades the ________. a. ameba, intestine b. roundworm, intestine and muscle c. flatworm, heart d. tapeworm, lungs e. flagellate, large intestine

b. roundworm, intestine and muscle

The free-living amoeba associated with meningitis is: a. Entamoeba coli b. Dientamoeba fragilis c. Entamoeba histolytica d. Naegleria fowleri

d. Naegleria fowleri

Entamoeba histolytica is acquired by sexual contact. a. contaminated food. b. contaminated water. c. ingestion of cysts of the pathogen. d. All of the choices are correct.

d. All of the choices are correct.

All of the following can be transmitted by drinking contaminated water, except a. Cryptosporidiosis. b. Cyclosporiasis. c. Balantidiasis. d. Babesiosis. e. Giardiasis.

d. Babesiosis.

During the general life cycle of hermaphroditic flukes, the larval stage leaving the snail intermediate host is: a. Mircacidium b. Ciliated free swimming larvae c. Sporocyst d. Cercaria

d. Cercaria

Embryo of ____________ forms a cyst called a hydatid cyst a. Hymenolepsis b. Diphyllobothrium lata c. Taenia solium d. Echinococcus granulosus

d. Echinococcus granulosus

Anna recently learned that she is pregnant and is visiting her doctor for her first prenatal visit. Among the many pieces of advice offered to ensure a safe pregnancy, the doctor specifically told Anna to avoid eating any rare meats, including steaks and roast beef, and to avoid changing her cat's litter box. These words of caution were primarily directed at avoiding contact with a. Taenia saginata d. Cryptosporidium c. E. coli O157:H7 d. Toxoplasma gondii

d. Toxoplasma gondii

Which of the following disease is transmitted via mosquito bites? a. cryptosporidiosis b. African sleeping sickness c. giardiasis d. malaria

d. malaria

Your patient is experiencing abdominal discomfort approximately 4 weeks after returning from a vacation to the sub-tropics. You obtain a specimen to be examined in the laboratory and discover what appears to be a protozoan parasite with ingested red blood cells within the cytoplasm. It is likely that your patient has been infected by: a. The aggressive hemoflagellate, Plasmodium falciparum which will ingests old and immature red blood cells. b. A hookworm, which will puncture small capillaries and feed on blood. c. Cysts of Entoamoeba histolytica which voraciously feed on red blood cells. d. none of the above are correct

d. none of the above are correct

Ascaris lumbricoides a. larvae penetrate into lymphatics and capillaries around intestines. b. is an intestinal roundworm. c. larvae migrate to the pharynx, get swallowed, and return to intestines to mature. d. spreads to humans by ingestion of Ascaris eggs in food. e. All of the choices are correct.

e. All of the choices are correct.