Patho Chap 4

A nurse preceptor is monitoring a new nurse graduate care for a client in anaphylactic shock. The nurse preceptor would intervene if they saw the nurse graduate perform which of the following actions? a. lateral recumbent b. supine with legs elevated c. prone position d. sitting the client upright in bed

Sitting the client upright in bed

A pneumonia that occurs 48 hours or more after admission to the hospital is considered which of the following? a. legionnaire disease b. community acquired c. nosocomial pneumonia

nosocomial pneumonia

The nurse is caring for a client with cardiac tamponade. The nurse would continue to monitor for signs of which kind of shock related to the cardiac tamponade? a. cardiogenic shock b. obstructive shock c. neurogenic shock d. hypovolemic shock

obstructive shock

Following a diagnostic work-up on a client with complaints of chest pain and shortness of breath, it is determined that the client has excessive fluid within the pericardial sac. The nurse recognizes that the probable diagnosis for this client is which of the following? a. pericardial effusion b. Cor Tamponade c. pleural effusion d. pericarditis

pericardial effusion

During a client's course of pneumococcal pneumonia, leukocytes and red blood cells leak into the lungs, causing the lung to resemble the liver. This stage of pneumococcal pneumonia is known as which of the following? a. gray hepatization b. red hepatization c. edema d. resolution

red hepatization

A client is at the clinic for an annual physical exam. After walking from the car to the clinic, they developed chest pain and discomfort in the left shoulder and jaw. The pain lasted 2 to 3 minutes and then subsiding with rest. The client states that this has occurred frequently over the past few months. The nurse suspects the client is most likely experiencing which of the following? a. unstable angina b. hypertension c. stable angina

stable angina

A client presents to the emergency department with hypotension, hypoxemia, and tracheal deviation to the left following a motor vehicle accident (MVA). There is massive bruising on the chest, and a large open wound. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. tension pneumothorax b. atelectasis c. pneumothorax

Tension pneumothorax

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has symptoms more consistent with loss of lung elasticity and enlargement of the alveoli. Which of the following would indicate the client has symptoms related to emphysema? a. large b. thin c. tall d. short

Thin

The nurse is assessing a client with a suspected deep vein thrombosis. Which of the following assessment findings would be consistent with this diagnosis? a. aching pain b. thickened skin c. throbbing pain in one leg d. ulcers

Throbbing pain in one leg

The nurse is attempting to determine if a client is experiencing hypercapneic respiratory failure or hypoxemic respiratory failure. Which of the following symptoms would indicate the client is in hypercapneic respiratory failure? a. warm, flushed skin b. fast breathing c. cyanosis

Warm, flushed skin

The nurse is educating a client on risk factors for hypertension. Which of the following would be a nonmodifiable risk factor? a. age b. diet c. smoking d. diabetes

age

A client is admitted to the emergency department with shortness of breath, excessive sweating, and nausea. The client states, "It feels like my chest is ripping open!". The nurse prepares for emergency treatment for which of the following conditions? a. aortic aneurysm b. aortic dissection c. abdominal aneurysm d. myocardial infarction

aortic dissection

A client on the unit has developed pus within the pleural cavity following a lung infection. How would the nurse document this condition? a. empyema b. emphysema c. pleural effusion

empyema

The nurse is caring for a client with respiratory failure. Diagnostic tests reveal that the client has a high level of arterial CO2. The nurse recognizes that the client is experiencing which of the following conditions? a. orthopnea b. hypercapnia c. dyspnea d. work of breathing

hypercapnia

A client is admitted to the intensive care unit after a bout of severe food poisoning and having vomiting and diarrhea for the past three days. The client is cool and clammy, with an elevated heart rate and low blood pressure. The client is lethargic and confused, and keeps asking for water. The nurse suspects the client is going into which type of shock? a. cardiogenic b. septic c. anaphylactic d. hypovolemic

hypovolemic

Which of the following is not a component of Virchow's Triad in the development of venous thrombosis a. stasis of blood b. increased blood coagulability c. vessel wall injury d. increased HDL cholesterol

increased HDL cholesterol

The nurse is caring for a client with rheumatic heart disease. Which of the following treatments would the nurse expect to educate the client about? a. antibiotic for 7 days b. long term prophylactic antibiotics

long term prophylactic antibiotics

The nurse is educating a client about treatment for secondary dyslipidemia. Which of the following interventions would not be typically included in a standard treatment plan for secondary dyslipidemia? a. bariatric surgery b. sedentary lifestyle c. medications to lower LDL d. increase smoking

medications to lower LDL

A client has a history of right heart failure caused by a right ventricular myocardial infarction. Which of the following symptoms is specifically related to right sided heart failure. a. dependent edema b. pulmonary congestion c. orthopnea d. impaired gas exchange

Dependent edema

True or False: In a client experiencing asthma exacerbation, they can get air OUT but it's hard to get air IN.

False

The nurse is caring for a toddler with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Which of the following orders by the health care provider would the nurse question as being incorrect? a. antipyretics b. give fluid c. supplemental oxygen d. give antibiotics as ordered

Give antibiotics as ordered

A retired farmer comes to the clinic with complaints of fatigue, fever, and cough. He states he started feeling ill after cleaning out an old chicken house about 3 weeks ago. What would the nurse suspect this client has developed? a. pneumonia b. tuberculosis c. histoplasmosis

Histoplasmosis

A client's echocardiogram reveals backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atria. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis documented on the chart? a. aortic valve stenosis b. carpal tunnel syndrome c. mitral regurgitation d. mitral valve stenosis

Mitral regurgitation

The nurse is educating a client with a new diagnosis of asthma. The nurse would state to the client that airway obstruction in asthma is caused by which of the following? a. mucus secretion b. barrel chest c. bronchoconstriction d. cluster headache e. chest tightening f. airway edema

Mucus secretion, bronchoconstriction, and airway edema

A client is diagnosed with acute bacterial (typical) pneumonia. Which of the following symptoms may indicate the client is suffering from Legionnaire's disease? a. fever b. headache c. central nervous system and gastrointestinal disburance

Central nervous system and gastrointestinal disturbances

When assessing the client's lower extremities, which of the following symptoms would cause the nurse to believe the client has atherosclerotic occlusive disease (peripheral artery disease) rather than venous insufficiency? a. inflammatory process b. cool lower extremities c. ulcer d. edema

Cool lower extremities

A client arrives on the unit with a diagnosis of cor pulmonale. During the nurse's assessment, which of the following symptoms would not be consistent with this diagnosis? a. chest pain b. crackles in the lungs c. wheezing or coughing d. swelling of the feet or ankles f. headache

Crackles in the lungs

The nurse is caring for a client with latent tuberculosis. The client asks the nurse why they don't "feel sick". What would be the best response by the nurse? a. it is possible you have just been infected with the bacteria that causes tuberculosis b. the tuberculosis bacterium is dormant, and your immune system is keeping it in check. you do not have active disease c. because those diagnosed with tuberculosis do not feel sick at all

"The tuberculosis bacterium is dormant and your immune system is keeping it in check. You do not have active disease."

Which of the following patients is at highest risk for developing pulmonary embolism (PE)? a. a 50 year old who can ambulate to the bathroom by himself without any difficulty b. a 60 year old patient who is compliant with physical therapy exercise c. a 72 year old male who is recovering from hip replacement surgery in the hospital

72-year-old male who is recovering from hip replacement surgery in the hospital

Which of the following clients would be at increased risk for developing atherosclerosis? a. a 45 year old who exercises regularly b. a 60 year old obese male client who smokes 1/2 pack of cigarettes per day c. a retired 70 year old with a normal weight and normal blood pressure

A 60-year-old obese male client who smokes 1/2 pack of cigarettes per day.

A number of clients have presented to the emergency department in the last 32 hours with reports that are preliminarily indicative of myocardial infarction. Which client is least likely to have an ST-segment myocardial infarction (STEMI)? a. a 71 year old man who has moist skin, fever, and chest pain when he moves but is relieved when at rest b. a 56 year old obese man who is complaining of chest pain that is exacerbated by deep inspiration and is radiating to his neck and scapular ridge c. a 60 year old woman whos admission blood work indicates elevated white cells, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and a C reactive protein levels d. a 50 year old with fatty liver disease

A 71-year-old man who has moist skin, fever, and chest pain that is excruciating when he moves but relieved when at rest

A female client is undergoing diagnostic testing for suspected lung cancer. She is visibly upset, and states, "I don't know how I would have lung cancer. I've never smoked a day in my life!" Which of the following would the client most likely have? a. squamous cell carcinoma b. large cell carcinoma c. small cell lung cancer d. adenocarcinoma

Adenocarcinoma

The nurse is caring for a client following knee-replacement surgery. The nurse plans interventions to prevent atelectasis in the client. Which of the following interventions would the nurse include in the plan of care? a. encourage cough and deep breathing exercises b. rest the leg to avoid pain c. slow respiratory rate that is deep with regular rhythm

Encourage cough and deep breathing exercises.

The nurse is determining whether a client has a cold or rhinosinusitis. Which of the following symptoms would lead the nurse to believe the client is experiencing rhinosinusitis? a. facial pain b. hoarseness c. headache

Facial pain

An echocardiogram shows that a client has developed very thick ventricular walls. This client is suspected to have which of the following? a. dilated cardiomyopathy b. restrictive cardiomyopathy c. hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Which of the following is not a mechanism of developing hypoxemia? a. hyperventilation b. development of intrapulmonary shunting

Hyperventilation

A client presents to the health care provider reporting edema in the lower extremities. Physical exam reveals that she has varicose veins. Upon performing the history, which of the following is a possible cause for the varicose veins a. displaced fracture b. long periods of standing c. exposure to cold

Long periods of standing

During a long-term stay in the neonatal intensive care unit, an infant has developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The nurse understands the probably cause for this diagnosis is which of the following? a. trouble breathing b. hyperventilating c. long term ventilation and oxygen use

Long-term ventilation and oxygen use

The nurse is caring for a child in the emergency department who is sitting forward, drooling, and has inspiratory stridor. Which of the following would be the priority action by the nurse? a. obtain supplies b. place the child in supine position c. attempt to visualize the throat d. observe the child and document

Obtain supplies for an emergency intubation

Which of the following would not be a probable cause for a client developing infective endocarditis? a. penetrating chest injury b. bacterial infection

Penetrating chest injury

The nurse is caring for a client with large cell carcinoma lung cancer. The nurse understands that this type of lung cancer originates in which area of the lung? a. neuroendocrine cells of the bronchial epithelium b. bronchiolar or alveolar glandular c. central bronchi d. periphery of the lung

Periphery of the lung

The nurse is caring for a client with orthostatic hypotension. The nurse recognizes that orthostatic hypotension can be caused by which of the following? Select all that apply. a. race b. gender c. prolonged immobility d. heart failure e. dehydration

Prolonged immobility Dehydration Heart failure

The nurse is caring for a client with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following treatments would the nurse anticipate? a. severe dyspnea b. decreased level of consciousness c. headache d. prone positioning

Prone positioning

The nurse is preparing to care for an infant with respiratory distress syndrome. Which of the following treatments would the nurse prepare? a. apneustic therapy b. surfactant therapy c. bradypnea therapy

Surfactant therapy

The nurse is assessing a White client with Raynaud Disease. Which of the following assessment findings by the nurse would not be consistent with this diagnosis? a. Color changes b. cold fingers/toes c. swelling of the fingers and toes d. numb, prickly feeling or stinging upon warming or stress relief

Swelling of the fingers and toes

A client known to have atherosclerosis is complaining of dizziness, weakness, and "brain fog". The client states they have been having headaches for the past three days. The nurse believes atherosclerosis of the ______________ is the cause of the clients symptoms: a. coronary arteries b. peripheral arteries c. carotid arteries d. renal arteries

carotid arteries

Which of the following manifestations is not consistent with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis? a. weight gain b. a persistent cough that produces thick mucous (sputum) c. wheezing d. exercise intolerance e. repeated lung infections

weight gain