Patho chapter 31 ***
Which gland is often referred to as the master gland because it secretes many hormones?
Pituitary
A nursing instructor is teaching a group of students about the action of hormones. The instructor determined that teaching was effective when the students recognize the local action of hormones as:
Paracrine
A client exhibiting problems with her thyroid has been scheduled for a radioactive scan. From the following list of clients, which would the nurse question as to whether this would be a safe procedure for this client?
A young female client who has been trying to get pregnant
When hormones act locally rather than being secreted into the bloodstream, their actions are termed:
Autocrine and paracrine
A client experiences an increase in cortisol as a result of Cushing disease. Which hormonal responses demonstrate the negative feedback mechanism?
Decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
A client experiences an increase in thyroid hormone as a result of a thyroid tumor. Which hormonal response demonstrates the negative feedback mechanism?
Decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
A nurse examines the laboratory values of a client in heart failure. Which value indicates a compensatory hormone mechanism?
Elevated atrial natriuretic hormone
A health care provider is assessing a client for a potential endocrine disorder. Assessment findings identify abnormalities with emotion, pain, and body temperature. Which mechanism of endocrine control will require further laboratory/diagnostic assessment?
Hypothalamus
Neurotransmitters like catecholamines (e.g., dopamine and epinephrine) have a reaction time of:
Milliseconds
What is the most common mechanism of hormone control?
Negative feedback
The hormone levels in the body need to be kept within an appropriate range. How is this accomplished for many of the hormones in the body?
Negative feedback loop
Which hormone will elicit a more rapid response than the others?
Norepinephrine
While reviewing the concept of nuclear receptors with a group of pathophysiology students, the instructor uses the example of clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus taking pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione medication. Because of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), the drug has which effect on the clients' diabetes?
Promotes glucose uptake and increase the synthesis of certain proteins involved in fat metabolism, which reduces levels of certain types of lipids.
A 21-year-old female is suspected of having inadequate function of her hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid system. Her care provider is planning to inject thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and then measure her levels of TSH. Which diagnostic test is being performed?
Stimulation test
A client undergoing an evaluation of hormone levels asks, "What regulates the hormone levels?" Which response by the nurse would be considered most accurate?
The hypothalamic-pituitary-target cell system
The nurse is teaching a client who has been newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism about the function of the thyroid. Which statement about the role of the thyroid gland is most accurate?
The thyroid gland is responsible for increasing the metabolic rate.
Which statement describes how water-soluble peptides, such as parathyroid hormone or glucagon, exert their effect on cells?
They bind to receptors.
A client with a history of an endocrine disorder exhibits signs and symptoms of hormone deficiency. Which process would the client's care team most likely rule out first as a contributing factor?
Up-regulation has increased the sensitivity of the body to particular hormone levels.
A 21-year-old female is suspected of having inadequate function of her hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid system. Her care provider is planning to inject thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and then measure her levels of TSH. Which diagnostic test is being performed?
stimulation test
The anatomy instructor is presenting a lecture on hormone synthesis. The instructor determines that instruction was effective when students identify the site of prohormone to hormone conversion as the:
golgi complex
A middle-aged female client has been diagnosed with a thyroid condition. The nurse educates the client about the prescription and needed follow-up lab work, which will help regulate the dosage. The client asks, "Why do I not return to the clinic for weeks, since I am starting the medication tomorrow morning?" The nurse bases the answer on the knowledge that thyroid hormones:
may take days for the full effect to occur, based on the mechanism of action.
A nurse who works in the office of an endocrinologist is orienting a new staff member. Which teaching point should the nurse include in the orientation?
"A single hormone can act on not only one process or organ but often on several different locations or processes."
The nurse is assessing a client with thyrotoxicosis and the nurse is explaining how the thyroid gland is stimulated to release thyroid hormones. The nurse should describe what process?
Action of releasing hormones from hypothalamus
A client has developed a tumor of the posterior pituitary gland. The client is at risk for problems with secretions of:
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
Which gland acts as a signal-relaying bridge between multiple body systems and the pituitary gland?
Hypothalamus
