Patho Chapter 31-33

The nurse is preparing a client for a radioiodine test to assess thyroid functioning. Which question is most important for the nurse to ask the client prior to preparing this client for this diagnostic test? "Have you had a CT scan in the past month?" "Are you claustrophobic or have trouble lying still?" "Have you had abnormal thyroid hormone levels?" "Will you be able to fast for 12 hours for the test?"

"Have you had a CT scan in the past month?"

A patient exhibiting problems with their thyroid has been scheduled for a radioactive scan. From the following list of patients, which would the nurse question as to whether this would be a safe procedure for this patient? An adult patient having an episode of wheezing from allergies. A young female patient who has been trying to get pregnant. A middle-aged male patient with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. An elderly patient who has a history of aortic stenosis.

A young female patient who has been trying to get pregnant.

A nurse examines the laboratory values of a patient in heart failure. Which of the following values indicates a compensatory hormone mechanism? Elevated atrial natriuretic hormone Decreased hematocrit Elevated serum pH Decreased red blood cell count

Elevated atrial natriuretic hormone

A patient experiences an increase in thyroid hormone as a result of a thyroid tumor. Which of the following hormonal responses demonstrates the negative feedback mechanism? Decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Increased follicle-stimulating hormone Decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone Increased thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Which gland is often referred to as the master gland because it secretes many hormones? Pituitary Thyroid Pancreas Hypothalamus

Pituitary

The physician suspects a client may be experiencing hypofunction of an endocrine organ. Select the most appropriate test to determine organ function. Stimulation tests Suppression tests Genetic testing Imaging studies

Stimulation tests

A client undergoing an evaluation of their hormone levels asks "What regulates the hormone levels?" Which response by the nurse would be considered most accurate? The hypothalamic-pituitary-target cell system Exogenous forms of hormones The positive feedback loop The hypophysial portal system

The hypothalamic-pituitary-target cell system

While discussing the regulation of hormone levels, the instructor gives an example of hormones regulated by feedback mechanisms. Which example of this regulation is best? In children, the body knows to release growth hormones while they are sleeping instead of when they are awake and running around. When a female is thinking about getting pregnant, the body knows to release female sex hormones in greater proportion than usual. When a person's body pH is decreasing, the stomach lining becomes more acidic to offset this. Following a meal that was high in carbohydrates, a person's blood glucose elevates, which stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas.

Following a meal that was high in carbohydrates, a person's blood glucose elevates, which stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas.

x Which statement best explains the function of hormone receptors? Hormone receptors recognize a specific hormone and translate the hormonal signal into a cellular response. Hormone receptors produce antibodies to block certain hormones from entering the cell. Hormone receptors are located within the red blood cells and carry hormones to the target cells. Hormone receptors respond to decreasing hormone levels by producing a decrease in receptor numbers.

Hormone receptors recognize a specific hormone and translate the hormonal signal into a cellular response.

A healthcare provider is assessing a client for a potential endocrine disorder. Assessment findings identify abnormalities with emotion, pain, and body temperature. Which mechanism of endocrine control will require further lab/diagnostic assessment? Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Cerebellum Cerebral cortex

Hypothalamus

Which gland acts as a signal relaying bridge between multiple body systems and the pituitary gland? Hypothalamus Posterior pituitary Thyroid Parathyroid

Hypothalamus

A male patient has been diagnosed with a low sperm count. Which of the following endocrine imbalances could contribute to this condition? Select all that apply. Lack of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Excess calcitonin Insufficient androgens Excess thyroid hormone Increased growth hormone

Lack of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Insufficient androgens

What is the most common mechanism of hormone control? Negative feedback Positive feedback Hypothalamic-pituitary-target cell feedback Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Negative feedback

The hormone levels in the body need to be kept within an appropriate range. How is this accomplished for many of the hormones in the body? Positive feedback loop Negative feedback loop Regulated feedback loop Sensory feedback loop

Negative feedback loop

A nursing instructor is teaching a group of students about the action of hormones. The instructor determined that teaching was effective when the students' recognize the local action of hormones as: Paracrine Hormonal Pancreatic Autocrine

Paracrine

While reviewing the concept of nuclear receptors with a group of pathophysiology students, the instructor uses the example of clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus taking pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione medication. Because of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), the drug has which effect on the clients' diabetes? Select the best answer. Increases the clients' metabolic rate, thereby giving them more energy, which results in weight loss. Help the body burn fats more effectively thereby preventing any cardiovascular problems like myocardial infarction. Promote glucose uptake and increase the synthesis of certain proteins involved in fat metabolism, which reduces levels of certain types of lipids. This medicines increases insulin resistance in muscle and fat and increases the amount of glucose produced by the liver.

Promote glucose uptake and increase the synthesis of certain proteins involved in fat metabolism, which reduces levels of certain types of lipids.

Which events are involved in the negative feedback mechanism that keeps the serum thyroid hormone level within appropriate range? Select all that apply. You Selected: Stimulation of sensors in the hypothalamus Correct response: Stimulation of sensors in the hypothalamus Stimulation of sensors in the anterior pituitary gland Decrease in secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Increased levels of thyroid hormone

Stimulation of sensors in the hypothalamus Stimulation of sensors in the anterior pituitary gland Decrease in secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Increased levels of thyroid hormone

The nurse is teaching a client who has been newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism about the function of the thyroid. Which of these does the nurse explain to the client is the role of the thyroid gland? The thyroid gland is responsible for increasing the metabolic rate. The thyroid gland releases neurotransmitters when the "flight or flight" mechanism is stimulated. The thyroid gland is responsible for regulating serum calcium levels. The thyroid gland promotes development of secondary sex characteristics.

The thyroid gland is responsible for increasing the metabolic rate.

The nurse administers a glucocorticoid medication to a client with pneumonia. Which of these does the nurse teach the client is the purpose of the medication? To regulate glucose metabolism To decrease appetite To decrease airway inflammation To decrease stress of illness

To decrease airway inflammation

A nurse who works in the office of an endocrinologist is orienting a new staff member. Which teaching point should the nurse include in the orientation? "The regulation of homeostasis requires that hormones be absent from the body when their effect is not needed." "A single hormone can act on not only one process or organ but often on several different locations or processes." "It's uncommon for production of hormones to be far removed from the tissue where they ultimately exert their effect." "Sometimes hormones act locally on the area where they were produced, as in the case of endocrine actions."

"A single hormone can act on not only one process or organ but often on several different locations or processes."