patho course point questions chp 12, 14, 15, 16, 17
Which characteristic differentiates a migraine with aura from a migraine without aura?
Visual symptoms such as flickering lights precede the headache
An older adult tells the nurse, "My friend just developed shingles and has a lot of pain. Is there a way for me to protect myself from it?" How should the nurse respond?
"Ask your healthcare provider about a herpes zoster vaccine."
The nurse is caring for a client who recently had a positive ELISA test for HIV. The client states, "How did I become HIV positive? I have never had sex with anyone!" Which responses are appropriate? Select all that apply.
"Have you ever had a blood transfusion?" "Do you consider oral sex as having sex?" "Do you use IV drugs?" "Sometimes this test gives false positive results. To confirm the diagnosis, another test will be performed."
The nurse knows that further teaching is needed when a client who is pregnant and also HIV positive makes which statement(s)? Select all that apply.
"I just know my baby will be born with HIV." "I will breastfeed my baby since there is no risk of my baby getting HIV that way." "If I have a cesarean birth, my baby will not become HIV positive."
A parent brings a 6-month-old infant to the primary care physician to treat the infant's third respiratory infection since birth. What explanation will the nurse give for the order to administer intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg)?
"IVIg supplements the infant's immunity to prevent recurrent infection."
he nurse is teaching a group of college students about reducing the risk of HIV transmission during sexual relations. The nurse makes which appropriate teaching point?
"If a person has a sexually transmitted disease (STD), there is an increased risk for HIV infection."
A client develops an immunodeficiency disorder after receiving chemotherapy for the treatment of lung cancer. The client asks the nurse if he was born with this deficiency. What is the nurse's best response?
"You have developed a secondary immunodeficiency disorder as a result of your chemotherapy."
A nurse assessing an older adult 3 hours postoperative notes guarding, grimacing, and stiff body movement when changing positions. The client denies feeling pain. Which response will help the nurse best manage this client's pain?
"You seem to be uncomfortable. Pain is common with surgery. I can bring you pain medication."
What will the nurse teach the client to expect during ergometry treadmill testing?
"You will walk or run on a moving belt to simulate exercise."
Shortly after being diagnosed with HIV, a client has begun highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The client asks, "My doctor tells me that my viral load is going down. What does that mean?" The nurse's best response is:
"Your HAART medications are working to slow the progression of the disease."
Which client will the nurse be assessing in relation to problems with thermoregulation?
66-year-old client with damage to the hypothalamus secondary to a cerebral vascular accident.
The nurse evaluates which core body temperature as outside the normal range? Select all that apply.
96.8°F (36°C) 99.6°F (37.5°C)
A young female relays to her health care provider, "I've had double-vision a few different times, and I get tired more easily than I ever have." The client's muscle strength is diminished, and inspection of her eyelids reveals the presence of ptosis. Which diagnostic testing should the nurse anticipate being prescribed?
Anticholinesterase testing
A nurse is teaching a client newly diagnosed with a seizure disorder. Which statement is most important for the nurse to provide regarding antiepileptic medications?
Antiepileptic medications should never be discontinued abruptly.
Which intervention is an appropriate action by a nurse to take in attempting to decrease a client's temperature through conduction?
Apply cooling blanket
Manifestations of brain tumors are focal disturbances in brain function and increased ICP. What causes the focal disturbances manifested by brain tumors?
Brain edema and disturbances in blood flow
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acts on which type of cells?
CD4+ T lymphocytes
What will the nurse teach a client with trigeminal neuralgia about the condition?
Carbamazepine is a first-line treatment.
Peripheral nerve disorders are not uncommon. What is an example of a fairly common mononeuropathy?
Carpal tunnel syndrome
The health care provider is concerned that a client may be at risk for problems with cerebral blood flow. The most important data to assess would be:
Decreased level of oxygen
In describing the ideal analgesic, what factors would be included? Select all that apply.
Effective Have minimal adverse effects Inexpensive
A client has an increase in core body temperature. What assessment finding does the nurse expect?
Flushed skin
The treatment of HIV/AIDS is complicated because different drugs act on different stages of the replication cycle of the virus. Therefore, treatment includes combinations of two, three, or more drugs. What is this treatment called?
HAART treatment
A client with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is admitted to the hospital for treatment. Which type of treatment will the nurse be administering to the client?
IV immunoglobulin
With which activity would a client experiencing astereognosis need help?
Identifying an object by touch
The nurse is teaching a new mother about caring for her baby and reducing the risk for infection. On what principle does the nurse base the knowledge of passive immunity?
Infants are protected at birth from infection by maternal IgG.
A client with hereditary angioneurotic edema (HAE) is experiencing an attack. Which priority intervention should the nurse be prepared to administer?
Maintaining a patent airway
Which cellular mediator is involved in the development of type I hypersensitivity reactions?
Mast cells
Typical symptoms seen in the latent period of HIV infection include which of the following?
No signs or symptoms
A two-day postoperative client's temperature was 98.5°F (36.9°C) at 3:00 pm. At 6:00 pm, the unlicensed assistant (UAP) notifies the nurse that the client's temperature is 102°F (38.9°C). Which action should the nurse take?
Notify the physician.
Disorders of the pyramidal tracts, such as a stroke, are characterized by which physical finding?
Paralysis
What is the main effect of HIV infection?
Poor helper T-cell function
Place the four successive stages of fever in correct order.
Prodromal Chill Flush Defervescence
What is the priority intervention for a nurse caring for a client with wasting syndrome from AIDS?
Promote nutritional intake.
Nystagmus due to cerebellar dysfunction would most likely interfere with which activity?
Reading
Which intervention provides the most accurate information about core temperature?
Rectal temperature
Which skin receptors communicate the sensation of heavy and continuous touch and pressure?
Ruffini end-organs
A client who is being treated for chronic low back pain is using a TENS unit for relief of pain. The nurse is aware that the use of this device is considered what type of pain relief?
Stimulus-induced analgesia
The nurse learns that different types of headaches respond to different therapies. Which headache is most responsive to nonpharmacologic therapy?
Tension
The nurse understands that a positive ELISA test reported in a baby born to a woman who is HIV positive indicates:
The baby has antibodies from the mother and it is uncertain whether the baby is infected with HIV.
A recovery room nurse monitoring a client for adverse effects of cold cardioplegia assesses for:
Ventricular dysrhythmia
Which pain disorder is a manifestation of a disruption of cranial nerve function?
Trigeminal neuralgia
A client is devastated to receive a diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The symptomatology of this disease is a result of its effects on which region of the brain?
Upper and lower motor neurons
A 20-year-old male presents at the clinic complaining of severe fatigue, night sweats, and fever. While taking the client's history, he reports having multiple sexual partners and unprotected sex. HIV/AIDS is suspected. What diagnostic test would be ordered to confirm the diagnosis?
Western blot assay
A client recently diagnosed with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) asks, "Why am I always sick with an infection?" Which response by the nurse explains this rare autosomal recessive disorder?
Your white blood cells are not able to leave the blood vessels and move into the area of infection."
The spouse of a client admitted to the hospital after a motor vehicle accident reports to the nurse that the client has become very drowsy. The nurse should:
assess the client for additional signs/symptoms of increased intracranial pressure.
The nurse observes a new nurse performing the test for Kernig sign on a client. The new nurse performs the test by providing resistance to flexion of the knees while the client is lying with the hip flexed at a right angle. The nurse should explain to the new nurse that:
resistance should be provided with the knee in a flexed position.
While sponging a client who has a high temperature, the nurse observes the client begins to shiver. At this point, the priority nursing intervention would be to:
stop sponging the client and retake a set of vital signs.
A nurse educator is explaining how the HIV virus is responsible for AIDS and AIDS syndromes. The educator should explain that replication involves the killing of:
the CD4+ T cell and the release of HIV copies into the bloodstream.