patho exam 3

The nurse knows that which clinical manifestations may be present with the diagnosis of acute nephritic syndrome? Select all that apply. Sudden onset of hematuria Proteinuria Flank pain Excess urine output Edema

Sudden onset of hematuria Proteinuria Edema

Which clients would the nurse assess for possible urinary retention? Select all that apply. The client taking over-the-counter medication for a cold or flu The client with psychosis taking antipsychotic medicine daily The client with depression taking an antidepressant The client with a diagnosis of diverticulitis The client receiving an antihistamine The client who takes aspirin daily

The client receiving an antihistamine The client taking over-the-counter medication for a cold or flu The client with depression taking an antidepressant The client with psychosis taking antipsychotic medicine daily

While working at the triage desk in the local emergency department, which client is likely having a medical emergency and needs to be seen first? Infant with red eyes who is irritable and refusing to eat 55-year-old truck driver complaining of sudden onset of ocular pain and blurred vision 17-year-old high school student who has a red, itchy eye 45-year-old schoolteacher complaining of a red eye that is draining yellow secretions

55-year-old truck driver complaining of sudden onset of ocular pain and blurred vision

A client diagnosed with inflammatory diarrhea is having multiple small, bloody stools with a fever. Which could be a likely cause of this inflammatory diarrhea? C. difficile M. tuberculosis S. aureus H. pylori

C. difficile

Which individual likely faces the greatest risk for the development of chronic kidney disease? A client who experienced a hemorrhagic stroke and now has sensory and motor deficits A first-time mother who recently lost 1.5 L of blood during a postpartum hemorrhage A client whose diagnosis of thyroid cancer necessitated a thyroidectomy A client with a recent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes who does not monitor blood sugars or control diet

A client with a recent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes who does not monitor blood sugars or control diet

A client presents with a perforated peptic ulcer. Which complication would be a priority for the nurse to assess for? Assessment of a rigid, boardlike abdomen Complaint of burning pain on an empty stomach Blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg Flatulence with bouts of diarrhea

Assessment of a rigid, boardlike abdomen

A client reveals that, when in bed, changes in head position cause brief periods of vertigo, usually lasting less than 1 minute. Which condition is the client most likely experiencing? Normal position change Stress-induced vertigo Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo Manifestations of a cerebellar tumor

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

What is the most common gram-negative bladder infection found in hospitalized clients? Stone formation Neurogenic bladder Catheter-induced infection Urinary incontinence

Catheter-induced infection

Which nursing intervention is the highest priority intervention for a nurse caring for a 26-year-old client diagnosed with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo? Weber test Skin assessment Fall precautions Administer ordered antibiotic

Fall precautions

A nurse is caring for a client who has a recent history of passing calcium urinary stones. Which of the following is a priority nursing consideration for this client? Hydration Bowel elimination Bed rest Skin care

Hydration

When caring for the client with hepatic failure, the nurse recognizes that which problem places the client at increased risk for bleeding? Increased platelet count Decreased red blood cells Increased prothrombin time Increased vitamin K

Increased prothrombin time

The nurse recognizes that which individuals are at risk for hepatitis B? Select all that apply. Those with cirrhosis Those who eat sushi Injection drug users Blood donors Those having unprotected sex

Injection drug users Those having unprotected sex

The nurse is explaining to a client's family how vasogenic brain edema occurs. The mostappropriate information for the nurse to provide would be: There is an increase in the production of cerebrospinal fluid volume. Normal physiologic circumstances result in decreased adsorption of CSF. There is a decrease in the amount of fluid volume in the brain. The blood-brain barrier is disrupted, allowing fluid to escape into the extracellular fluid.

The blood-brain barrier is disrupted, allowing fluid to escape into the extracellular fluid.

client suffering a thrombotic stroke is brought into the emergency department by ambulance and the health care team is preparing to administer a synthetic tissue plasminogen activator for which purpose? Hemostasis Hemolysis Thrombogenesis Thrombolysis

Thrombolysis

When determining the treatment and management for incontinence, the health care provider considers which aspects of the client's medical history? Select all that apply. Accompanying health problems Economic status Person's diet Person's age Type of incontinence

Type of incontinence Accompanying health problems Person's age

A soccer player has been diagnosed with a brain contusion after being injured in a game. The best explanation of the injury by the nurse would be that: transient neurogenic dysfunction caused by mechanical force to the brain occurred. bruising on the surface of the brain occurred. hypoxia to the brain occurred. tearing of brain tissue occurred.

bruising on the surface of the brain occurred.

The chart of a client admitted because of seizures notes that the seizure activity began simultaneously in both cerebral hemispheres. The nurse should interpret this to mean that the client experienced: generalized seizure. unknown type of seizure. focal seizure without impairment of consciousness. focal seizure with impairment of consciousness.

generalized seizure

The ophthalmologist is performing a client's annual eye exam and notes an increase in intraocular pressure. The condition most likely is the result of: a breakdown of cells in the macula lutea. the development of degenerative cataracts. amage to the retina leading to vision changes. imbalance between aqueous production and outflow.

imbalance between aqueous production and outflow.

As the nurse is performing a physical assessment of a client, the client begins to have seizure activity including loss of consciousness and limb jerking. The nurse's priority is to: treat underlying disease. protect the client from injury. preserve brain functioning. stop the seizure

protect the client from injury

A 35-year-old client is diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) and is started on hemodialysis. The client is concerned with the diagnosis and wants to know what to expect in the progression of this disorder. Which statement best addresses the client's concern? "Once your condition improves you can be placed on peritoneal dialysis for the rest of your life." "Acute kidney injury is abrupt in onset and often reversible if recognized early and treated appropriately." "The occurrence of acute kidney injury will always eventually result in chronic renal failure." "You will need to have a renal transplant to live a productive, healthy life."

"Acute kidney injury is abrupt in onset and often reversible if recognized early and treated appropriately."

An older adult client is scheduled for outpatient cataract surgery. While taking a presurgery history, which statement by the client correlates to the manifestations of cataracts, thereby verifying the client has received information about the condition? "I had intense eye pain coupled with photosensitivity." "I feel like I have a buildup of pressure in my eyeball." "One of my eyes has redness and purulent drainage." "I have blurred vision in both my eyes and my vision is distorted."

"I have blurred vision in both my eyes and my vision is distorted."

A 31-year-old female has been recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is attending a diabetes education class. Which statement by the woman demonstrates an accurate understanding of her health problem? "I'll have to control my blood sugars, my blood pressure, and my cholesterol in order to make sure I don't develop sight problems." "I want to avoid going through the treatments for sight restoration that I would need if my diabetes causes damage to my vision." "It's surprising that sugar in my blood can accumulate on the lens of my eye and cause a loss of sight." "I'm grieving the fact that I won't be able to get pregnant without causing permanent damage to my vision."

"I'll have to control my blood sugars, my blood pressure, and my cholesterol in order to make sure I don't develop sight problems."

A client has recently been diagnosed with renal calculi and asks the nurse, "What should I be eating to prevent stone formation?" What is the most appropriate response to the client's statement? "You likely do not need to change your diet, but now that you have stones in one kidney, you are at very high risk of growing them in the other kidney." "Your diet may have played a part in this, but in fact genetics are likely primarily to blame." "Your diet might be normally healthy, but high intake of normally beneficial minerals like calcium and magnesium can lead to stones." "What you eat can influence your risk of stone formation, but many other factors like hormones and your metabolism are involved."

"What you eat can influence your risk of stone formation, but many other factors like hormones and your metabolism are involved.

A client has undergone a kidney transplant and voices concerns about organ rejection to the nurse. The most appropriate response by the nurse would be: "Kidney transplantation is 100% successful, and there is no need for you to worry." "You will be given medication to decrease the likelihood of your immune system attacking your new kidney." "Your new kidney will continue to work fine as long as you do not drink any alcohol." "There is no need to worry about rejection because the occurrence of rejection is low with kidney transplant."

"You will be given medication to decrease the likelihood of your immune system attacking your new kidney."

The nurse on a geriatric unit is assessing four clients. Which client is most likely to exhibit bacteriuria? A client who will soon undergo a hysterectomy A client who has a urinary catheter in place due to confusion A male client who has had a penile implant for several years A client whose father is known to have died of bladder cancer

A client who has a urinary catheter in place due to confusion

A 26 year-old female is resting after a 1-minute episode during which she lost consciousness while her muscles contracted and extremities extended. This was followed by rhythmic contraction and relaxation of her extremities. On regaining consciousness, she found herself to have been incontinent of urine. What has the woman most likely experienced? A complex partial seizure A myoclonic seizure An absence seizure A tonic-clonic seizure

A tonic-clonic seizure

A client with multiple pain-related injuries to the back, knees, and hips is admitted with acute liver failure. Upon procuring a medication list, the nurse notes that the client is taking several over-the-counter medications that contain a preparation known to be the drug that most commonly causes liver failure. Which drug is this? Aspirin Ibuprofen Phenylephrine Acetaminophen

Acetaminophen

The nurse is caring for a client admitted to the emergency room with suspected meningitis. The nurse prepares to perform which nursing intervention upon physician orders, while diagnostic testing is being completed? Administration of oxygen Administration of antibiotics Administration of TPN Adminstration of pain medication

Administration of antibiotics

A nurse is teaching a client newly diagnosed with a seizure disorder. Which statement is most important for the nurse to provide regarding antiepileptic medications? All antiepileptic medications should be taken with food. Antiepileptic medications should never be discontinued abruptly. Children can build up a tolerance to the medication quickly. Pregnant women should reduce the dose of medication or discontinue until after delivery.

Antiepileptic medications should never be discontinued abruptly.

What medication teaching should be done for a woman of childbearing age with a seizure disorder? Some antiseizure drugs can interfere with vitamin K metabolism. Antiseizure drugs increase the risk for congenital abnormalities. All women of childbearing age should be advised to take a vitamin C supplement. Antiseizure drugs do not interact with oral contraceptives.

Antiseizure drugs increase the risk for congenital abnormalities

Treatment for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) requires combination therapy that includes administration of which medications? Select all that apply. Bismuth salts Acetaminophen Omeprazole Amoxicillin Levofloxacin

Bismuth salts Omeprazole Amoxicillin

Following a collision while mountain biking, the diagnostic work up of a 22-year-old male has indicated the presence of an acute subdural hematoma. Which pathophysiologic process most likely underlies his diagnosis? Vessels have burst between the client's skull and his dura. A traumatic lesion in the frontal or temporal lobe has resulted in increased ICP. Blood has displaced CSF in the ventricles as a consequence of his coup-contrecoup injury. Blood has accumulated between the man's dura and subarachnoid space.

Blood has accumulated between the man's dura and subarachnoid space

A client is admitted with the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice. Which assessment findings would the nurse expect to see in this client? Select all that apply. Dark urine Elevated conjugated bilirubin levels Clay-colored stools Decreased serum alkaline phosphatase levels Severe itching

Clay-colored stools Dark urine Elevated conjugated bilirubin levels Severe itching

Which physiologic change in the elderly population contributes to urinary incontinence? Decline in detrusor muscle function Side effects of medication Increased bladder capacity Increased bladder contractility

Decline in detrusor muscle function

A client tells the nurse that he is concerned about developing hepatitis after being exposed to contaminated feces, saliva, and food. The nurse is aware that the client is at risk for: Hepatitis C Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis D

Hepatitis A

A patient has been admitted to the hospital with acute nephritic syndrome. They experienced sudden onset of hematuria. The nurse is looking at their lab work and have noted a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The nurse should assess their patient for which signs/symptoms related to a decreased GFR? Select all that apply. Elevated blood pressure. Severe flank pain Dark urine color. Urine smelling odoriferous. Edema in face and extremities.

Edema in face and extremities. Elevated blood pressure.

A client had developed jaundice. The nurse recognizes that the jaundice may have resulted from which cause? Select all that apply. Impaired production of red blood cells Decreased production of bile Impaired uptake of bilirubin by the liver cells Decreased conjugation of bilirubin Excessive destruction of red blood cells Obstruction of bile flow

Excessive destruction of red blood cells Impaired uptake of bilirubin by the liver cells Decreased conjugation of bilirubin Obstruction of bile flow

A neonate is undergoing phototherapy for the treatment of jaundice and accompanying high levels of bilirubin. Which causes are the likely factors responsible for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia? Select all that apply. Neonatal cholestasis Increased lysis of red blood cells Limited ability to excrete bilirubin High bilirubin production Concentration of maternal bilirubin

High bilirubin production Limited ability to excrete bilirubin

When caring for clients with alcoholism and cirrhosis, which the nurse recognizes which potential complications of the disease? Select all that apply. Alcohol poisoning Bleeding esophageal varices Trauma from alcohol-induced accidents Kidney failure Liver failure

Liver failure Bleeding esophageal varices Kidney failure

After several months of persistent heartburn, an adult client has been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which treatment regimen is likely to be prescribed for this client's GERD? Proton pump inhibitors; avoiding large meals; remaining upright after meals Weight loss and administration of calcium channel blocking medications Surgical correction of the incompetent pylorus and limiting physical exercise Anti-inflammatory medications; avoiding positions that exacerbate reflux; a soft-textured diet

Proton pump inhibitors; avoiding large meals; remaining upright after meals

A client is diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The nurse knows that which statements regarding CKD are correct? Select all that apply Onset is abrupt. Symptoms appear with 50% of nephrons lost. Less than 1% of population is affected. Hypertension is a major cause. Renal damage is irreversible.

Renal damage is irreversible. Hypertension is a major cause.

The nurse taking a report on a client coming into the emergency room plans care for a client with brain dysfunction based on which symptom? Chest pain Pupils that react to light Stupor Wheezing

Stupor

A parent asks the nurse what signs and symptoms a child would display if the child had a urinary tract infection. Which is the best response by the nurse? The child will not have a fever. The same symptoms as an adult. The child does not present with typical symptoms. The child's immune system is weak so he or she will not have foul-smelling urine.

The child does not present with typical symptoms.

The most common cause of an ischemic stroke is which of the following? Cardiogenic embolus Thrombosis Intracerebral arterial vasculitis Vasospasm

Thrombosis

When assessing the client during the icteric phase of viral hepatitis, which of these findings does the nurse anticipate observing? Blood in the stool Increased energy Yellow-tinged blood Yellow-tinged sclera

Yellow-tinged sclera

A client has been diagnosed with alcohol-induced liver disease. He admits to the nurse, "I know what the lungs do, and I know what the heart does, but honestly, I have no idea what the liver does in the body." The nurse should tell the client that the liver: metabolizes most components of food and also cleans the blood of bacteria and drugs. is responsible for the absorption of most dietary nutrients, as well as the production of growth hormones. contributes to the metabolism of ingested food and provides the fluids that the GI tract requires. maintains a balanced level of electrolytes and pH in the body and stores glucose, minerals, and vitamins.

metabolizes most components of food and also cleans the blood of bacteria and drugs.

The most common cause of ischemic stroke is: arterial vasculitis. vasospasms. cryptogenesis. thrombosis.

thrombosis