Patho Exam 3
: A registered nurse is teaching nursing students about the normal level for central venous pressure. Which statement made by one of the student nurses indicates effective learning?
"The normal range for central venous pressure is 1 to 5 mm Hg."
Myocardial cells are connected by gap junctions enabling them to ...
Function as a coordinated syncytium
Allergic (extrinsic) asthma is associated with...
IgE-mediated airway inflammation
How is systolic dysfunction different from diastolic dysfunction?
In systolic dysfunction, the ventricle has difficulty ejecting blood out of the chamber
While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of myocardial infarction was noted to have high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). What is the significance of this finding?
Increased LDL levels are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease.
Which is a true statement about the affect of the Frank-Starling law on the heart?
Increased diastolic stretching of myocardial fibers produces increased stroke volume
Automatic pacemaker cells spontaneously depolarize, because ...
Leak channels (If) allow calcium and sodium ions into the cell
A nurse is advising a client about adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which statement shows best that the nurse properly understands the disorder?
"An individual developing ARDS has multiple organ failure and becomes critically ill."
A registered nurse is teaching nursing students about ischemic cardiomyopathy. Which statement made by one of the student nurses indicates effective learning?
"Ischemic cardiomyopathy is the scarring of the heart muscle caused by coronary artery insufficiency."
Mitral stenosis is associated with...
A pressure gradient across the mitral valve
Patients presenting with symptoms of unstable angina and no ST segment elevation are treated with...
Antiplatelet drugs
In the normal electrocardiogram the PR interval represents:
Atrial activation to onset of ventricular activity
During which phase of the cardiac cycle is the mitral valve normally open?
Atrial systole
A primary health-care provider finds that a client is suffering from symptoms such as jugular venous distension, ascites, hepatomegaly, and ankle or sacral edema. What condition does the health-care provider interpret from this situation?
Cor pulmonale
Aortic regurgitation is associated with...
Diastolic murmur
A client presents with paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) and chest pain. On auscultation, the client is found to have a holosystolic murmur at the fifth intercostal space in the left sternal border. Which condition would warrant the client to undergo an echocardiogram for validation of the disease?
Mitral valve insufficiency
A client presents with dyspnea, cough, fatigue, and orthopnea. On auscultation, a diastolic murmur heard at the fifth intercostal space in left sternal border. Which pathologic condition would the client most likely have?
Mitral valve stenosis
Which is a potent vasodilator produced by vascular endothelial cells?
Nitric oxide
Which lung condition is common in clients with a genetic disorder such as Marfan syndrome as well as frequent smokers?
Primary spontaneous pneumothorax
Angina due to coronary artery spasm is called _____ angina.
Prinzmetal variant
What is a clot that has traveled to the pulmonary arterial circulation and caused obstruction of the arterial blood flow through the lungs known as?
Pulmonary embolism
Which is the last region in the conduction of the cardiac conduction sequence?
Purkinje fibers
The most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI) is...
ST-segment elevation
A patient with a history of myocardial infarction continues to complain of intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely cause of this pain is...
Stable angina
Which wave in the electrocardiogram represents ventricular repolarization?
T Wave