Patho Exam 4 - Checkpoints

To lower your risk of an STI: Select all answers that apply 1) As a young person, delay having sexual relations as long as possible 2) Use a male condom 3) Use a spermacide 4) Don't have multiple sex partners

1) As a young person, delay having sexual relations as long as possible 2) Use a male condom 4) Don't have multiple sex partners

Which of the following are ways that STD transmission can be limited? Select all correct answers: 1) By getting tested regularly 2) By abstaining from sexual activity 3) By using physical barriers like condoms and dental dams 4) using lambskin condoms instead of latex condoms

1) By getting tested regularly 2) By abstaining from sexual activity 3) By using physical barriers like condoms and dental dams

Your patient is experiencing thick purulent (cloudy, yellow) discharge from vagina or urethra, pain when voiding (peeing), and painful intercourse. What do you suspect: 1) Gonorrhea 2) Chlamydia 3) Syphilis 4) Genital Herpes (HSV-2)

1) Gonorrhea

What event is associated with the beginning of bone loss in women? 1) Menopause 2) Sexual activity 3) Puberty 4) Childbirth

1) Menopause

This usually occurs between days 13 and 15 of the menstrual cycle. 1) Ovulation 2) Shedding of the lining of the uterus 3) The lining of the uterus builds up 4) The lining of the uterus remains in place in preparation for the possible arrival of an early embryo

1) Ovulation

Which of these is a health problem that CANNOT be caused by STIs in women? 1) Pregnancy 2) Higher risk for cervical cancer 3) Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) 4) Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

1) Pregnancy

A student asks for an explanation of rhabdomyolysis. What response by the professor is best? 1) Release of myoglobin from damaged striated muscle cells 2) Lysis of skeletal muscle cells through the initiation of the complement cascade 3) Paralysis of skeletal muscles, resulting from an impaired nerve supply 4) Smooth muscle degeneration, resulting from ischemia

1) Release of myoglobin from damaged striated muscle cells

When admitting a client with a fractured extremity, the nurse would focus the assessment on which of the following first? 1) The area distal to the fracture 2) The actual fracture site 3) The opposite extremity for baseline comparison 4) The area proximal to the fracture

1) The area distal to the fracture

Your patient is experiencing a pelvic pain, yellow-colored vaginal discharge, and painful menses. What do you suspect: 1) Gonorrhea 2) Chlamydia 3) Genital Herpes (HSV-2) 4) Syphilis

2) Chlamydia

A nurse is caring for a client who has suffered a fracture to the humerus after falling on their outstretched arm. The ends of the bone were driven into each other during the fall. This type of fracture is best described as which of the following? 1) Oblique Fracture 2) Comminuted Fracture 3) Greenstick Fracture 4) Impacted Fracture

2) Comminuted Fracture

What are the primary sources of bacterial infections that lead to hematogenous bone infection? (Select all that apply.) 1) Throat 2) Cutaneous (Skin) 3) Ear 4) Dental 5) Sinus

2) Cutaneous (Skin) 3) Ear 4) Dental 5) Sinus

A person in the health care clinic has gout. In order to prevent a common complication, what self-care measure does the health care professional teach the person about? 1) Avoid hot weather 2) Drink 8-9 glasses of water a day 3) Eat more protein 4) Splint affected joints

2) Drink 8-9 glasses of water a day

Which one of the following statements is incorrect? 1) One egg is released from the ovary about every month 2) Eggs in the ovaries ripen when they meet a sperm 3) Hormones control the release of the egg from the ovary 4) Girls are born with thousands of eggs in their ovaries

2) Eggs in the ovaries ripen when they meet a sperm

Your patient is experiencing very painful genital vesicles, trouble voiding (peeing). What do you suspect: 1) Gonorrhea 2) Genital Herpes (HSV-2) 3) Chlamydia 4) Syphilis

2) Genital Herpes (HSV-2)

Three hours ago a client was thrown from a car into a ditch, and he is now admitted to the ED in a stable condition with vital signs within normal limits, alert and oriented with good coloring and an open fracture of the right tibia. When assessing the client, the nurse would be especially alert for signs and symptoms of which of the following? 1) Deformity 2) Hemorrhage 3) Shock 4) Infection

2) Hemorrhage

A client has been hospitalized after an automobile accident. A full leg cast was applied in the emergency room. The MOST important reason for the nurse to elevate the casted leg is to? 1) Reduce the drying time 2) Improve venous return 3) Decrease irritation to the skin 4) Promote the client's comfort

2) Improve venous return

The nurse assesses which of the following clinical manifestations in a client with osteomyelitis? Select all that apply: 1) Petechial 2) Night sweats 3) Restlessness 4) Cool extremities 5) Fever 6) Nausea

2) Night sweats 3) Restlessness 5) Fever 6) Nausea

What is the name given to the male gamete? 1) Penis 2) Sperm 3) Zygote 4) Goat

2) Sperm

Your patient is experiencing a copper colored rash on palms and soles of feet. She had a chancre a few weeks ago. What do you suspect: 1) Genital Herpes (HSV-2) 2) Syphilis 3) Gonorrhea 4) Chlamydia

2) Syphilis

Which patient finding would lead the health care professional to assess the patient for inflammatory joint disease? 1) Unilateral (one-sided) joint involvement 2) Systemic symptoms of inflammation 3) Normal joint synovial fluid 4) Absence of synovial membrane inflammation

2) Systemic symptoms of inflammation

This usually occurs between days 6 and 12 of the menstrual cycle 1) Shedding of the lining of the uterus 2) The lining of the uterus builds up 3) The lining of the uterus remains in place in preparation for the possible arrival of an early embryo 4) An egg is released from the ovaries

2) The lining of the uterus builds up

A health care professional is teaching a group of college women about increasing calcium in the diet to prevent osteoporosis. A participant asks at what age is peak bone mass is reached in women. What response is best? 1) 15 yrs 2) 45 yrs 3) 35 yrs 4) 20 yrs

3) 35 yrs

By the time osteoporosis is visible on an x-ray examination, up to what percent of bone has been lost? 1) 30% 2) 60% 3) 40% 4) 50%

3) 40%

A client is admitted following a motor vehicle accident where his left thigh was crushed beneath the vehicle. The nurse must assess for which of the following complications? 1) Hypokalemia 2) Hypertension 3) Acute renal failure 4) Fat emboli syndrome

3) Acute renal failure

After teaching the client about risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis, which of the following, if stated by the client as a risk factor, would indicate to the nurse that the client needs additional teaching? 1) Positive testing for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR4 allele 2) History of Epstein-Barr virus infection 3) Adults between the ages 60 to 75 years 4) Female gender

3) Adults between the ages 60 to 75 years

The nurse receives a client in the emergency room with an obvious deformity of the left leg. What is the first thing the nurse should do? 1) Get an X-Ray 2) Check a capillary refill 3) Check a pedal pulse 4) Ask the client to wiggle their toes

3) Check a pedal pulse

Which is the most common STI caused by bacteria? 1) Gonorrhea 2) Genital warts 3) Chlamydia 4) Syphilis

3) Chlamydia

Which of the following statements is incorrect? 1) One egg is released from the ovary about every month 2) Girls are born with thousands of eggs in their ovaries 3) Eggs in the ovaries ripen when they meet a sperm 4) Hormones control the release of the egg from the ovary

3) Eggs in the ovaries ripen when they meet a sperm

A health care professional who works with older women understands that which changes are believed to play a significant role in the development of age-related bone loss? 1) Decreased formation and short life-span of osteoclasts 2) Increased body weight 3) Increased oxidative stress and increased intracellular reactive oxygen 4) Hypoparathyroidism

3) Increased oxidative stress and increased intracellular reactive oxygen

What is the primary pathologic alteration resulting from ankylosing spondylitis (AS)? 1) Inflammation of the bursa 2) Inflammation of the long bones 3) Inflammation of fibrocartilaginous joints of the vertebrae 4) Inflammation of the small hand and feet bones

3) Inflammation of fibrocartilaginous joints of the vertebrae

What causes the crystallization within the synovial fluid of the joint affected by gouty arthritis? 1) Increase in the glycosaminoglycan levels 2) Reduced excretion of purines 3) Overproduction of urinc acid 4) Overproduction of proteoglycans

3) Overproduction of urinc acid

When admitting a client with a fractured extremity, the nurse would focus the assessment on which of the following first? 1) The opposite extremity for baseline comparison 2) The actual fracture site 3) The area distal to the fracture 4) The area proximal to the fracture

3) The area distal to the fracture

During the menstrual cycle, which of the following events happens if a released egg does not become fertilized? 1) Another egg is immediately released 2) The lining of the womb wall stays built up 3) The lining of the womb wall breaks down 4) The lining of the womb wall builds up again

3) The lining of the womb wall breaks down

At what age does puberty usually start in boys? 1) 20 years of age 2) 16 to 18 years of age 3) 10 to 11 years of age 4) 12 to 14 years of age

4) 12 to 14 years of age

A patient has ankylosing spondylitis. Which description of this condition by the health care professional is most accurate? 1) State of abnormal and excessive bone resorption and formation 2) Chronic systemic inflammatory disease that affects many tissues and organs 3) Wide-spread and deep chronic muscle pain, fatigue, and tender points 4) Chronic inflammatory disease with stiffening and fusion of the spine and sacroiliac joints

4) Chronic inflammatory disease with stiffening and fusion of the spine and sacroiliac joints

A male client is diagnosed with herpes simplex. Which statement about herpes simplex infection is true? 1) A client with genital herpes lesions can have sexual contact but must use a condom 2) Genital herpes simplex lesions are painless, fluid-filled vesicles that ulcerate and heal in 3 to 7 days 3) Herpetic keratoconjunctivitis is bilateral and causes systemic symptoms 4) During early pregnancy, herpes simplex infection many cause spontaneous abortion or premature delivery

4) During early pregnancy, herpes simplex infection may cause spontaneous abortion or premature delivery

Which of the following would the nurse use as the best method to assess for the development of deep vein thrombosis in a client with a spinal cord injury? 1) Leg girth (circumference) 2) Pain 3) Tenderness 4) Homan's sign

4) Homan's sign

The client is diagnosed with osteoarthritis. Which sign/symptom should the nurse expect the client to exhibit? 1) Swan-neck fingers 2) Waddling gait 3) Severe bone deformity 4) Joint stiffness

4) Joint stiffness

Which patient finding would lead the health care professional to assess the patient for inflammatory joint disease? 1) Unilateral (one-sided) joint involvement 2) Normal joint synovial fluid 3) Absence of synovial membrane inflammation 4) Systemic symptoms of inflammation

4) Systemic symptoms of inflammation

STDs are most common in which age group? 1) All of the above 2) People 60 and older 3) People ages 30 to 45 4) Teens and young adults up to age 24

4) Teens and young adults up to age 24

Improper reduction or immobilization of a fractured femur can result in which outcome after cast removal? 1) The fracture requires 6-8 weeks of physical therapy. 2) The skin under the cast is dry and flaky. 3) The muscles around the fracture site are weak. 4) The bone is not straight

4) The bone is not straight

The nurse, assisting in applying a cast to a client with a broken arm, knows that? 1) The cast should be covered until it dries 2) The casted extremity should be placed on a cloth-covered surface 3) The cast material should be dipped several times into the warm water 4) The wet cast should be handled with the palms of hands

4) The wet cast should be handled with the palms of hands

A client with osteoporosis asks the nurse why it is important to take vitamin D. Which response by the nurse is correct? 1) Vitamin D reduces excretion of calcium in the kidneys 2) Vitamin D helps prevent constipation from increased calcium intake 3) Vitamin D minimizes the risk of kidney stones 4) Vitamin D improves the absorption of calcium

4) Vitamin D improves the absorption of calcium