Patho Quiz 1
A nurse is informed to schedule a patient for a polysomnography. What is the most appropriate way for the nurse to convey this information to a patient? "We will need to schedule for a polysomnography examination, which is a sleep study." "You are going to be scheduled for a polysomnography examination in three days." "A polysomnography will be scheduled for you. Which day works best?" "You will be undergoing a polysomnography examination, which measures blood flow in your legs."
"We will need to schedule for a polysomnography examination, which is a sleep study."
While studying with a friend, a comment is made that changing one base pair in the human genome cannot cause any serious effect in a person. What is an accurate response to this friend? "A single change is a base pair that can have profound effects. This is known as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRSPR)." "You are correct. The human genome is so large and complex that changing one base pair never has a serious effect." "You are incorrect. A change in one base pair, in some cases, can cause disease and damage. This change is known as a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)." "You are correct. Base pair changes are immediately corrected by enzymes, so no detrimental effect occurs."
"You are incorrect. A change in one base pair, in some cases, can cause disease and damage. This change is known as a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)."
A father has homozygous familial adenomatous polyposis. He wants to know why they are recommending a colonoscopy for his son, age 14 years. The father feels the son is "way too young" to have such a procedure. Which of the following should be conveyed to the father? Because the father is homozygous for an autosomal dominant disease, he passed the genes for this disease on to his offspring. Colonoscopies help assess the disease status in his son. The son should not need colonoscopies because this disease is only passed on to female offspring. Familial adenomatous polyposis is a recessive disease. The son likely did not inherit it. Colonoscopies are not necessary for this condition; thus, the test should be cancelled.
Because the father is homozygous for an autosomal dominant disease, he passed the genes for this disease on to his offspring. Colonoscopies help assess the disease status in his son.
Place the following sequence of events in the proper order. DNA molecule uncoils and separates. Correct Position: 1 mRNA transcript formed. Correct Position: 2 tRNA delivers amino acid to ribosomes. Correct Position: 3 Peptide chain formed. Correct Position: 4
DNA molecule uncoils and separates. mRNA transcript formed. tRNA delivers amino acid to ribosomes. Peptide chain formed.
A patient presents with metabolic alkalosis with following values: pH of 7.2 and bicarbonate of 50 mEq/L. Which would the nurse expect to find as signs of compensation? -Decreased Ventilation -Hypocapnia -Increased red blood cells synthesis -Decreased partial pressure oxygen
Decreased Ventilation
A physical therapist wants to convey the benefits of exercise to a patient. The patient claims to know all the benefits of exercise and proceeds to list these benefits. Which of the following exercise benefits listed by the patient show further education is needed? Select all that apply. Increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels Increased fat storage Increased bone formation Increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels Decrease blood vessel formation Increased glucose uptake
Increased fat storage Increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels Decrease blood vessel formation
As long as lung function is normal, hyperventilation will cause which of the following? Select all that apply. Increased pH Decreased carbon dioxide Decreased hydrogen ions Acidosis Increased hydrogen ions
Increased pH Decreased Carbon Dioxide Decreased Hydrogen Ions
Tay Sachs is a disease resulting from an accumulation of lipids due to a lack of which type of enzymes? DNA enzymes Lysosomal enzymes Ribosomal enzymes Nuclear enzymes
Lysosomal enzymes
A young child, age 12 years, wants to play competitive sports. The nurse working with the child is aware that some genetic disorders can impact a child's ability to participate in sports. Which of the following genetic disorders may the nurse consider being a risk for a child participating in competitive sports? Select all that apply. Familial adenomatous polyposis Marfan syndrome Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Cystic fibrosis Familial hypercholesterolemia
Marfan syndrome Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Cystic fibrosis
A young child is rushed to the emergency department having ingested a large amount of bicarbonate. Which acid-base imbalance does the nurse expect to be present? Respiratory acidosis. Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis
Place the following sequence of events in order leading to orthostatic hypotension. Movement from supine to standing Increased in heart rate (HR) Decreased venous return Baroreceptors send signal to medulla oblongata Decreased blood pressure
Movement from supine to standing Decreased venous return Decreased blood pressure Baroreceptors send signal to medulla oblongata Increased in heart rate (HR)
A patient, with no underlying conditions, presents in the emergency department hyperventilating because of a panic attack. Which of the following values would a clinician expect for arterial blood gases? - pH less than 7.35 -Oxygen saturation of 85% -Partial Pressure of carbon dioxide is less than 35mmHg -Partial Pressure of oxygen is less than 90 mm Hg
Partial Pressure of carbon dioxide is less than 35 mmHg
Pain result from a complex set of signals. Place in the proper order the sequence of events leading to pain signal production. Arachidonic acid formed Cyclooxygenase enzymes activated Prostaglandin production Phospholipase activation Pain and edema
Phospholipase activation Arachiodonic acid formed cyclooxygenase enzymes activated prostaglandin production pain and edema
Which of the following statements are correct about RNA and DNA? Select all that apply. RNA is single stranded. The pentose sugar in RNA is ribose. DNA, not RNA, is composed of nucleotides. Both DNA and RNA are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
RNA is single stranded. The pentose sugar in RNA is ribose.
A nurse reads on a patient's chart that a patient has suffered a sacral pressure ulcer, Stage II. What characteristics of the wound will the nurse expect to see? Slight redness and irritation in the sacral areas Loss of full thickness of the tissue down to the bone Deep ulceration into subcutaneous tissue Skin loss in epidermal and partial dermal area
Skin loss in epidermal and partial dermal area
A nurse is charged with educating patients about prenatal genetic testing and screening. Which of the following criteria should the nurse consider in deciding who needs to receive such education? Select all that apply. Woman's age at pregnancy Abnormal ultrasound findings Presence of family history of inherited conditions for which there is a screening test No criteria are needed. Standard care requires that all patients receive prenatal genetic testing and screening for all diseases Any time a woman has had a prior miscarriage
Woman's age at pregnancy Abnormal ultrasound findings Presence of family history of inherited conditions for which there is a screening test
Brian has suffered chronic pain over the past several years due to spinal nerve radiculopathy. He is now hesitant to go on a family vacation, worried he will suffer pain, despite reassurances otherwise. What process may Brian be undergoing relative to his pain? modulation denial catastrophizing inventing
catastrophizing
Which organelle has its own DNA?
mitochondria
While studying, a nursing student realizes her flash cards for the sequence of steps in the Gate Control theory of pain have been mixed up. Please place the following steps of the Gate Control theory of pain in the correct order. Painful stimuli perception transduction modulation transmission
painful stimuli transduction transmission modulation perception