Patho/Pharm Exam I Review

A client develops angioedema and difficulty swallowing after receiving an intravenous medication. The nurse recognizes this is characteristic of which effect? a. A life-threatening adverse effect b. A reaction secondary to urticaria (hives) c. A minor adverse effect d. An unpredictable side effect

A

A client has been started on a medication for postoperative pain. When does the nurse anticipate the client will receive optimal pain relief? a. When the drug reaches a therapeutic range b. When the drug achieves a minimal effective concentration c. When the drug approaches a toxic concentration d. When the drug concentrates in the muscle tissue

A

A drug manufactured specifically to treat rare of unusual disease is known as a/an: a. Orphan drug b. Proprietary drug c. Compassionate use drug d. Phase -IV drug

A

Drugs that are teratogens may cause: a. Birth defects b. Elevated heart rate (pulse) c. Anaphylaxis d. Drowsiness

A

Pharmacotherapy is a critical intervention for many conditions, and a key part of nursing intervention. Which statement best describes pharmacotherapy? a. The application of drugs for the prevention and treatment of disease and human suffering b. The study of medicine and drug therapy c. Understanding the difference between trade and generic medications d. The application of natural substances to cure diseases

A

The first pass effect or phenomenon takes place in the: a. Liver b. Stomach c. Esophagus d. General circulation

A

The nurse determines that a client who is breastfeeding has understood teaching regarding medication use when the client makes which statement? a. "I will check with my health care provider before taking any medication." b. "I will be sure to take medications just before breastfeeding." c. "I will only use herbal supplements while breastfeeding." d. "I know it is safe to take over-the-counter meds, but not prescription meds."

A

The nurse explains to a student nurse that side effects differ from adverse events in which way? a. Side effects are predictable at the therapeutic levels. b. Side effects are usually more serious than adverse effects. c. Adverse effects cause permanent damage d. Adverse effects are only dose-related.

A

The nurse explains to the client that during the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug approval process, investigators from many different medical specialties address concerns. What concern is addressed? a. Whether or not the drug is safe b. What the cost of the drug should be c. The marketability of the drug d. Whether a New Drug Application (NDA) must be filed

A

The nurse is preparing an intramuscular (IM) injection for a client with strep throat. Which principles of absorption may have guided the health care provider's decision to order the medication by IM route? a. IM drugs avoid food-drug interactions, which can decrease absorption. b. IM drugs have the ability to accumulate in the muscle(?) and may remain in the body for an extended amount of time. c. IM drugs bypass the gastrointenstinal tract and are delivered to the small intestine, where most medications are rapidly absorbed. d. IM drugs are absorbed from the muscle through the blood brain barrier.

A

The nurse is reviewing the concept of a drug's half-life for a student nurse, explaining that it is the time it takes for what to happen? a. One-half of the drug to be eliminated by the body b. The drug to elicit a therapeutic response c. The drug to reach the target tissue d. One-half of the drug to be absorbed

A

The nurse is teaching a class about over-the-counter (OTC) medications at a senior citizen center. Which statement by a participant indicates the teaching was affective? a. "We should not take any over-the-counter medications without first calling our primary health care provider because these medications can interact with other prescriptions or products." b. "We must read all the label directions before taking any over-the-counter medications." c. "Over-the-counter medications are safe, as long as we don't take them at the same time as our prescription medications." d. "Over-the-counter medications are safe; otherwise, they would require a prescription."

A

Which of the following terms is used to describe a drug capable of combining with receptors to initiate a drug action? a. Agonist b. Secondary messenger c. Ionized d. Competitive binding

A

The client asks the charge nurse how the health care provider will decide which medication to prescribe. The nurse bases the response on which rationale regarding the "ideal drug"? Select all that apply. a. It produces a predictable response at relatively low doses b. It produces adverse Effects c. Is not quickly eliminated by the body so that it can produce its effects of a prolonged period of time d. It effectively treats, prevents, or cures the client's condition e. It is inexpensive and easily accessible

A, D, E

A term used to describe an excessive amount of medication in the body is: a. Optimal level b. Toxic level c. Antagonistic level d. Therapeutic level

B

The client and his wife receive the same medication for hypertension. The wife asks the nurse why she is receiving a higher dose of the medication. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? a. "Females have a higher metabolism, so you need more medication." b. "Everyone is unique and responds differently to medication." c. "Your hormones are different from your husband's, so you need more medication." d. "You have a greater percentage of body fat, so you need more medication."

B

The client receiving a newly released medication is experiencing adverse effects. Why does the nurse report these adverse effects as part of the post-marketing surveillance stage of the drug approval process? a. The efficacy of the drug is determined for new drugs. b. Harmful effects in the larger population continue to be monitored. c. Individual client response is compared with the clinical trial data. d. The clinical trials are continuing to collect new data

B

The nurse administers zolpidem (Ambien) to a client at 11 p.m. for sleep. The client awakens at 3 a.m. and is wide awake and restless. How will the nurse document this client's reaction to the medication in the medical record? a. Side effect b. Idiosyncratic reaction c. Adverse effect d. Allergic response

B

The nurse recognizes that adding a vasoconstrictor (a substance that reduces blood flow) to a local anesthetic (painkilling) agent will have which effect on absorption of the anesthetic (painkilling) agent? a. It will increase blood flow to the area. b. It will slow absorption of the agent. c. It will produce a more localized effect d. It will help to eliminate the drug sooner

B

The nursing student is studying how priority drugs receive accelerated approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as part of the FDA modernization. Which conditions are the priority drugs used to treat? a. Diseases that affect only a small percentage of the population b. Serious and life-threatening conditions that lack affective treatments c. Disease that previously were treated with older and less popular drugs d. Diseases for which the community raises money for treatment

B

The student nurse has been reading about the Human Genome Project, and asks the nursing instructor how it will affect future pharmacological therapies. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? a. "It will help prevent disease through gene manipulation, but will not impact drugs." b. "It will help to individualize drug therapy for producing(?) a more effective way." c. "We will be able to standardize drug doses to make prescribing easier." d. "We will be able to alter genes, so we will not need drugs."

B

What are the four phases of pharmacokinetics that a drug goes through? a. Absorption, distribution, ionization, and metabolism b. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion c. Active transport, ionization, diffusion, and excretion d. Diffusion, bioavailability, metabolism, and excretion

B

Which of the following routes of administration gives the fastest absorption of a medication? a. IM (intramuscular) b. IV (intravenous) c. By mouth d. Rectal

B

Which was the greatest problem with patent medications in early America that lead to drug legislation? a. They smelled like medicine b. They had dangerous of additive substances. c. They were only distributed in elixir formulation. d. They could only be made out of natural products.

B

A client with hypertension is prescribed a potent antihypertensive without results. The client is concerned when the health care provider orders a new drug. Which explanation by the nurse is the most appropriate? a. "I think the prescriber meant to order two drugs." b. "The prescriber must have made an error in the orders." c. The new drug has greater efficacy, so it will help reduce your blood pressure." d. "The drug you took is very potent and more drug is needed."

C

Although many substances can be considered drugs, which drug definition is the most appropriate? a. Any substance that is synthesized and tested in the laboratory setting b. Any substance that is found in nature or that normally occurs in the body c. Any substance that is taken to prevent, cure, or reduce symptoms of a medical condition d. Any substance that can be isolated from natural substances in nature

C

The most common method of administering drugs through the enteral route is: a. Topically b. Intramuscularly c. Orally d. Intravenously

C

The nurse is to administer a parenteral medication. Which of the following describes that route? a. Under the tongue b. Across the skin c. Into the muscle d. By mouth

C

The trade name for a drug is usually selected to be short and easy to remember. What is the reason the nurse does not use the trade name for a drug? a. There are no trad names for combination drugs. b. The trade name will expire and no longer be valid(?). c. Drugs can have more than one trade name d. A company might change the trade name for a drug

C

When checking on the potential interactions of two drugs being administer at the same time, the nurse recognizes which principle? a. Drug-drug interactions are less serious than drug-food interactions b. All drugs will have some type of interaction c. Some drug interactions can produce therapeutic effects d. Drug interactions should always be avoided

C

Which of the following terms refers to the amount of drug needed to sustain a therapeutic effect? a. Bioavailability b. Clearance c. Maintenance dose d. Volume of distribution

C

A client is prescribed a loading dose of a cardiac glycoside for an exacerbation (worsening) of heart failure. When the client comments, "I usually take a much lower dose," which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? a. "Your usual dose is probably no longer effective for your condition, and you need to be on a higher dose now." b. "Giving a large dose will reduce the incidence of side effects." c. "The health care provider ordered this dose, so I must administer it." d. "You are being given a large dose in order to increase blood levels of the drug quickly."

D

A client is talking to the nurse and is expressing doubt about whether to take a drug that is advertised on television. The client does not believe that commercials for drugs tell the truth. Which rationale will the nurse use when responding to the client? a. Manufacturers have some ability to change things when advertising drugs. b. Advertisements are not legally binding and can be misleading. c. All drugs must be advertised in media to inform the public. d. False claims of a drug's therapeutic effect are prohibited by law.

D

A client receiving antibiotics for a serious infection asks the nurse, "Why don't you just give me more of that drug to cure the infection faster?" Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? a. "You must stay on this drug for two more weeks before the dosage can be increased." b. "I will check with the doctor to see if it is time to increase the medication." c. "You are correct the more you take the faster you will heal. Let me speak with the doctor." d. "You are at maximum dose, taking more will not help."

D

The nurse has taught a group of clients how their medications work in their bodies. Which comment by a client reflects correct understanding of the teaching? a. "Body tissue functions are changed by medications." b. "Medications change the function of cells in the body." c. "Medications help the body produce new enzymes." d. "The normal function of a cell is enhanced or blocked by medications."

D

The nurse reads that a drug undergoes enterohepatic recirculation. How would the nurse explain this process to a colleague? a. The drug will have a very low therapeutic effect. b. The drug will be concentrated in the liver. c. This drug must be given several times a day. d. The drug might have a prolonged activity in the body.

D

The nurse recognizes that medications can be excreted by all of the following except? a. Fecal b. Pulmonary c. Renal d. Gastric

D

What does the nurse anticipate about the medications ordered for a client with liver disease? a. They will need to be divided evenly throughout the day. b. They will be administered by the parenteral route. c. They will need to be given with an antacid. d. They will be in lower doses than normal.

D

Which of the following indicates that a patient is experiencing renal toxicity from a drug? a. Unsteady gait (walk) b. Elevated temperature c. Slow deep respirations (breaths) d. Decreased urine output

D