Pathopharm Socrative Exam 1

What is the impact of renal impairment or failure on RBC production?

-RBC production is governed by tissue O2 needs -The O2 sensor is in the kidney primarily where low O2 tension results in the production of erythropoietin. (~ 90% ) -The liver produces about 10% of the erythropoietin

A patient with osteoporosis has bones that become progressively porous, brittle, and especially prone to fracture. Name the type of fracture that is common to this disorder.

-pathological fracture or compression fracture (common in vertebrae)

Biologic targeted antineoplastic therapy is used to address 2 general pathologies of cancer: 1. Failure of the _______________ to eliminate mutant, premalignant, and malignant cells. 2. Failure of the __________________ mechanisms to control the proliferation of mutant, premalignant, and malignant cells. 1. 1. hemopoietic system or immune system? 2. growth-regulating or hormone-stimulating?

1. immune system 2. growth regulating

A client is taking allopurinol for gout. The client exhibits an "itchy" skin rash on the neck and both arms. What is the nurse's top priority action? A Notify the healthcare provider. B Apply a moisturizing lotion. C Recommend the client trim fingernails. D Document the finding as a common side effect.

A Notify the healthcare provider.

Gentamicin therapy is indicated in the treatment of what medical diagnosis? A osteomyelitis B acute renal failure C multiple sclerosis D myasthenia gravis

A osteomyelitis

A client does not understand why the health care provider has advised her to spend more time outdoors on sunny days. The nurse explains that exposure to sunlight enables the body to synthesize which of the following substances? A vitamin D B calcitonin C parathyroid hormone D phosphorous

A vitamin D

The nurse is caring for a client who is undergoing chemotherapy for the treatment of leukemia. The nurse should monitor the client for what potential adverse effects? Select all that apply A. Mucositis B. Hypouricemia C. Paresthesia D. Increased urine output E. Unusual fatigue

A. Mucositis C. Paresthesia E. Unusual fatigue

A client is diagnosed with a brain tumor. The client is told that the cancer cells proliferate. The client asks the nurse what this means. What is the nurse's best response? A. Proliferation is the growth of cancer cells and the rate of growth B. Proliferation of cancer cells is the metastasis of the tumor C. Proliferation of the cancer cells it he suppression of growth D. Proliferation of the cancer cells is the treatment with chemotherapy

A. Proliferation is the growth of cancer cells and the rate of growth

The nurse is providing education to a client diagnosed with metastatic cancer. What treatment will the nurse indicate is likely necessary? A. Systemic chemotherapy B. Combination of surgery and radiation therapy C. Localized chemotherapy and concurrent radiation therapy D. Radiation

A. Systemic chemotherapy

A 70-year-old woman on long-term ibuprofen therapy for osteoarthritis has returned to the clinic for her regular 6-month visit. The client states that in the last couple of months, she has been having increasing periods of abdominal pain. The nurse suspects that this pain may be related to which? A anemia. B peptic ulcer disease or gastritis. C interstitial nephritis. D constipation.

B peptic ulcer disease or gastritis.

Many of the immunosuppressant drugs that are administered following organ transplantation may also be used for treatment of what condition? A Seizure disorder B Increased intracranial pressure C Autoimmune disorder D AIDS

C Autoimmune disorder

A 78-year-old male client calls the clinic and reports severe pain and swelling in his right great toe. The client states that the pain is worse at night and has been present for at least 2 weeks. The nurse understands that this client has what type of inflammatory disorder? A Osteoarthritis of the toe B Probable fracture of the toe C Gout D Spondylarthritis

C Gout

Prevention of osteoporosis includes which of the following measures? A Placing items within reach of the client. B Installing grab bars in the bathroom to prevent falls. C Maintaining adequate calcium and vitamin D intake. D Using a professional alert system in the home in case a fall occurs when the client is alone.

C Maintaining adequate calcium and vitamin D intake.

A client has just returned from x-ray after reporting pain in her joints. The x-rays indicate damage of the joint spaces. This is indicative of which disease process? A Gout B Fibromyalgia C Osteoarthritis

C Osteoarthritis

The nurse is conducting a class for oncologic nurses. What characteristics of chemotherapy for older adults should the nurse emphasize? A. Dosage adjustments should be avoided in all age populations B. Older adults have an experienced and strengthened immune system to better tolerate treatment C. Older clients are at risk for dehydration and diminished nutritional status. D. Safety precautions for central nervous system failure should be instituted for all treatment regimens

C. Older clients are at risk for dehydration and diminished nutritional status.

A patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia is taking doxorubicin. What is an appropriate nursing intervention for this antineoplastic antibiotic agent? A. If the urine turns a red color, contact the provider immediately B. Document changes in heart function C. Provide frequent mouth care D. Use safety measures

C. Provide frequent mouth care

Differentiate between the following hormones related to their role bone maintenance : calcitonin and parathyroid

Calcitonin inhibits bone resorption, whereas parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases resorption.

Rhabdomyolysis is a complication of muscle injury and can lead to organ failure. Which serum lab is most important for the nurse to review?

Creatinine (kidneys)

A patient is being admitted to the hospital for an acute DVT. Which of the following orders describe the anticipated anticoagulant therapy and related nursing interventions for this patient? A Warfarin (Coumadin) 5 mg PO with Q6 hour PT/INR levels B Enoxaparin (Lovenox) 30mg subcutaneous Q12 hours with QD platelet count C Heparin 5000 units subcutaneous QD with serum with Q 6 hour aPTT levels D Heparin 5000 unit IVP bolus with a weight-based continuous IV infusion and Q6 hour aPTT levels

D Heparin 5000 unit IVP bolus with a weight-based continuous IV infusion and Q6 hour aPTT levels

Anticoagulant medications impact hemostasis in various ways. Which of the following statements describe how heparin works to impact hemostasis? A Heparin temporarily slows platelet aggregration B Heparin activitates glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors C Heparin primarily works to inhibit the extrinsic pathway of the clotting cascade. D Heparin activates antithrombin

D Heparin activates antithrombin

After teaching a group of students about bisphosphonates, the students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which drug as an example? A Teriparatide B Calcitonin-salmon C Dihydrotachysterol D Pamidronate

D Pamidronate

The nurse is caring for four clients. Which client is at the highest risk for osteoporosis? A The client receiving diuretic therapy B The client with a diagnosis of renal hypertension C The client with frequent falls D The female client aged 76

D The female client aged 76

A male client is receiving cisplatin as part of his cancer therapy and develops renal impairment. The health care provider chooses to titrate the dose of the cisplatin based on what laboratory value? A. BUN B. LFTs C. CBC D. CrCl

D. CrCl (creatinine clearance)

A nurse is preparing an antineoplastic agent for a 9-year-old cancer patient. Before administering an antineoplastic agent, the nurse's most important action should be to: A. wash the hands. B. identify the child by checking the arm band and asking them to state their name. C. ensure a quiet environment so the patient can sleep during administration of the drug. D. check indexes of bone marrow functioning.

D. check indexes of bone marrow functioning.

A patient will be treated for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Name estrogen-receptor modulator medication that will likely be prescribed for this patient

Evista (Raloxifene)

Inflammation always includes an infection. True or false?

False

The adaptive immune system activates the innate immune system. True or false?

False

Differentiate between local and systemic inflammation.

Local: - swelling, pain, heat and eythema - signs of vascular damage, i.e. exudate (watey/serous) Systemic: - Fever, leukocytosis WBC 11,000 - Left shift! = increase ratio of immature neutrophils to mature neutrophils (aka "baby" bands) -plasma protein synthesis by the liver (either pro or anti-inflammatory) -→ aka acute-phase reactants and can be measured by labs, i.e. ESR

Which of the following describe the purpose of blood? Select all that apply A. Remove waste B. Maintain pH balance C. Facilitate the immune process D. Provide structure to the body

Remove waste Maintain pH balance Facilitate the immune process

A nurse is caring for a client in the early stage of rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse would expect NSAIDs to be used in the treatment of this client. True or False?

True

Calcitonin is released by the body when serum calcium levels rise. True or False?

True

Different aspects of blood components can be administered to a patient to address a variety of problems. True or False?

True

Most antineoplastic agents are teratogens. True or false?

True

The patient is discharged home. Prior to discharge, the provider orders the patient to receive a weight-based dose of enoxaparin (Lovenox) subcuateous and warfarin (Coumadin) 4mg QOD. The nurse can administer both ordered anticoagulants. True or False?

True

Why is it important that nurses know the life span of cells?

We need to know if we give a medication to affect a blood cell, important to know the average affect of the medication.