Pathophysiology Quiz (11/5/190

A patient with chronic gastritis would likely be tested for a.Helicobacter pylori. b.occult blood. c.lymphocytes. d.herpes simplex.

a.Helicobacter pylori.

A patient in the intensive care unit has a nasogastric tube and is also receiving a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). The nurse recognizes that the purpose of the PPI is which effect? a.Prevent stress ulcers b.Reduce bacteria levels in the stomach c.Reduce gastric gas formation (flatulence) d.Promote gastric motility

a.Prevent stress ulcers

A patient is asking advice about which over-the-counter antacid is considered the most safe to use for heartburn. The nurse explains that the reason that calcium antacids are not used as frequently as other antacids is for which of these reasons? a.Their use may result in kidney stones. b.They cause decreased gastric acid production. c.They cause severe diarrhea. d.Their use may result in fluid retention and edema.

a.Their use may result in kidney stones.

Acute right lower quadrant pain associated with rebound tenderness and systemic signs of inflammation are indicative of a.appendicitis. b.peritonitis. c.cholecystitis. d.gastritis.

a.appendicitis.

Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with a.bloody diarrhea. b.malabsorption of nutrients. c.fistula formation between loops of bowel. d.inflammation and scarring of the submucosal layer of the bowel.

a.bloody diarrhea.

Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with a.inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods. b.megacolon at regions of autonomic denervation. c.ulceration of the distal colon and rectum. d.deficient production of pancreatic enzymes.

a.inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods.

Constipation in an elderly patient can be best treated by all of the following, except a.maintaining a low-fiber diet. b.increasing the level of activity as tolerated. c.minimizing opioid medications. d.increasing fiber in the diet.

a.maintaining a low-fiber diet.

A patient who has AIDS has lost weight and is easily fatigued because of his malnourished state. The nurse anticipates an order for which antinausea drug to stimulate his appetite? a.Metoclopramide (Reglan), a prokinetic drug b.Dronabinol (Marinol), a tetrahydrocannabinoid c.Ondansetron (Zofran), a serotonin blocker d.Aprepitant (Emend), a substance P/NK1 receptor antagonist

b.Dronabinol (Marinol), a tetrahydrocannabinoid

Crohn's disease is associated with all of the following complications, except a.Fistulae b.Green stool c.Adhesions d.Abdomnial pain

b.Green stool

A patient is taking chemotherapy with a drug that has a high potential for causing nausea and vomiting. The nurse is preparing to administer an antiemetic drug. Which class of antiemetic drugs is most commonly used to prevent nausea and vomiting for patients receiving chemotherapy? a.Prokinetic drugs, such as metoclopramide (Reglan) b.Serotonin blockers, such as ondansetron (Zofran) c.Anticholinergic drugs, such as scopolamine d.Neuroleptic drugs, such as promethazine (Phenergan)

b.Serotonin blockers, such as ondansetron (Zofran)

Common causes of mechanical bowel obstruction include all of the following, except a.indigestable materials. b.opioids. c.adhesions. d.fecal impaction.

b.opioids.

Barrett esophagus is a a.gastrin-secreting lesion. b.preneoplastic lesion. c.benign condition. d.gastrin-secreting tumor.

b.preneoplastic lesion.

CASE STUDY: Ms. Green is a 44 year-old woman with no known allergies and a history of fibromyalgia, high cholesterol, PTSD, and smoking. No surgical history to report. She is seen in clinic for episodes of severe adbominal cramps and diarrhea that have become more frequent over the last few months. Ms. Green's vital signs are within normal limits and blood tests show no indication of deficiency or infection. A KUB appears normal and colonoscopy revealed "unremarkable mucosal wall with no abnormalities" of the large intestine. Her mucosal biopsy tested negative for antibodies. Based on these assessment findings, the most likely diagnosis for Ms. Green would be a. Short-gut syndrome. b. Celiac diesease. c. Irritable bowel syndrome. d. Diverticulosis.

c. Irritable bowel syndrome.

CASE STUDY: Ms. Green is a 44 year-old woman with no known allergies and a history of fibromyalgia, high cholesterol, PTSD, and smoking. No surgical history to report. She is seen in clinic for episodes of severe adbominal cramps and diarrhea that have become more frequent over the last few months. Nursing interventions for the care of Ms. Green include all of the following, except a. discuss keeping a food diary to help identify substances that may exacerbate the symptoms. b. explore alternative therapy options such as Cognative Behavioural Therapy (CBT). c. encourage eating a low-fiber diet. d. administer antidiarrheal agents as prescribed.

c. encourage eating a low-fiber diet.

What clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a client's report of dysphagia? a.Nasal regurgitation b.Airway obstruction with swallowing c.Chest pain during meals d.Coughing when swallowing

c.Chest pain during meals

Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of a.pancreatitis. b.cardiac angina. c.gastric ulcer. d.hiatal hernia.

c.gastric ulcer.

Esophageal varices represent a complication of ________ hypertension. a.primary b.pregnancy-induced c.portal d.secondary

c.portal

Older individuals may experience which change in the mouth? a.Increase in salivation b.Increase in taste sensitivity. c.Increase in the number of papillae d.Increased exposure of dentin

d.Increased exposure of dentin

A patient who has been on antibiotic therapy for 2 weeks has developed persistent diarrhea. The nurse expects which medication class to be ordered to treat this diarrhea? a.Lubricants b.Adsorbents c.Anticholinergics d.Probiotics

d.Probiotics

Proton pump inhibitors may be used in the management of peptic ulcer disease to a.increase gastric motility. b.inhibit secretion of pepsinogen. c.neutralize gastric acid. d.decrease hydrochloric acid (HCl) secretion.

d.decrease hydrochloric acid (HCl) secretion.

A silent abdomen 3 hours after bowel surgery most likely indicates a.peritonitis. b.mechanical bowel obstruction. c.perforated bowel. d.functional bowel obstruction.

d.functional bowel obstruction.

Dumping syndrome is commonly seen after __________ procedures. a.appendectomy b.intestinal biopsy c.colonoscopy d.gastric bypass

d.gastric bypass