Patient Care Ch. 13

Immobilizing a patient in one position for an extended period of time can cause ______. Moving a patient from an x-ray table too fast without protecting the patient's skin with tubular stockinet can also cause it. This is due to the friction created by the movement of the patient over any rough surface.

tissue necrosis.

The radiographer is responsible for the care of the patient's skin or integumentary system. Use _______ to cover forearms and legs.

tubular stockinette

For a _______, the first person asks the patient to cross his or her arms over the chest.

two-person lift

Technologists should use _______ muscles for lifting and _______ muscles for support in performing an effective transfer of a patient.

white mobility red postural

The center of gravity in humans is approximately at the _______ level with variations between men and women.

second sacral

When transferring the patient, watch for the prevention of ______.

skin tears

Place ____ ____ or ____ beneath the patient's knees or legs for comfort and back support.

sponges, pads, or bolsters

___can be achieved when a body's center of gravity is over its base of support.

stability

Be aware of patients you move who suffer from weak bowels and incontinence. Wear gloves when touching patients and practice _____.

standard precautions

There are four types of wheelchair transfers used by radiologic technologists:

standby assist, assisted standing pivot, two-person lift, and hydraulic lift

For patients who cannot transfer from the wheelchair on their own, a _________ technique is used.

standing pivot

It is important however that the one performing the lift keeps their back ______ and lifts with their _____. Avoid twisting and stooping at all times.

stationary, legs

Begin by determining whether the patient has a _____ side and a ____ side or whether both sides are equal.

strong and weak

The _________ should lift the patient's torso while the other person lifts the patient's feet.

stronger person

Some of the most common positions used in radiographic positioning; ____ ____ & _____.

supine, prone, and lateral.

What term describes the hypothetical point around which all mass appears to be concentrated? a. center of gravity b. base of support c. orthostatic hypotension d. a and b

a. center of gravity

Position the wheelchair at a ____ degree angle so that the patient's ________ is against the table.

45 stronger side

If a patient arrives in a wheelchair and on a sling, which type of transfer is indicated? a. hydraulic lift b. pivot c. standby assist d. cart to table by means of a moving device

a. hydraulic lift

Which of the following is the foundation on which a body rests? a. center of gravity b. base of support c. orthostatic hypotension d. biomechanics

b. base of support

What causes patients to feel lightheaded, queasy, or faint when they stand up quickly from a sitting or supine position? a. increased respiration from the effort of standing b. decreased blood pressure c. increased body temperature

b. decreased blood pressure

the foundation on which a body rests.

base of support

Lifting should be done by _________ . The back should be kept straight or in a position of slightly increased lumbar lordosis.

bending and straightening the knees

the science that applies the laws of physics, specifically the action of forces on bodies at rest or in motion

biomechanics

The patient's feet and knees must be _____ to provide stability, especially for paraplegic and hemiplegic patients who are partially paralyzed and may not be to move or feel sensation in a lower extremity.

blocked

What term is used to describe the drop in blood pressure some patients experience when they stand up quickly? a. center of gravity b. base of support c. orthostatic hypotension d. a and b

c. orthostatic hypotension

How can the base of support be increased? a. standing on one toe b. standing on one foot c. standing with the legs far apart d. bending the knees with the feet together

c. standing with the legs far apart

Understanding the basic aspects of biomechanics can help prevent back injury while promoting safe and effective patient transfers. This is based on a few fundamentals:

Base of support Center of gravity Mobility and stability muscles

What is the minimum number of persons to use for a cart-to-table transfer when no moving devices are available? a. one b. two c. three d. four

c. three

a hypothetical point at which all the mass appears to be concentrated

center of gravity

The patient's center of gravity should be held _________. This provides the best mechanical advantage for lifting.

close to the one performing the transfer

When the patient is moving onto the x-ray table, ______ whenever possible.

cover the table with a sheet

Which of the following transfers can be used to move a patient from a wheelchair to an examination table? a. pivot b. assisted standing c. standby assist d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Where is the human center of gravity located? a. at the center of the diaphragm b. within 1 to 2 inches of the umbilicus c. midway between the hip joints d. at approximately sacral level two

d. at approximately sacral level two

Toward which side should all transfers be initiated? a. left b. right c. patient's weak side d. patient's strong side

d. patient's strong side

A cart-to-table transfer without a moving device is another choice that requires only a ________.

draw sheet.

When standing, the feet and the space between the feet constitute a base of support. Standing with the feet wide apart ______ the base of support. Standing on one foot provides the person with a _____ base of support.

enlarges narrow

When lifting a patient, the person performing the transfer should stand with ______ to increase the base of support

feet apart

_____ results when the center of gravity moves beyond the boundaries of the base. For safe, stable lifting, the center of gravity always must be over the base of support.

Instability

When the patient is ready, both of you _______ until the patient can feel the table against the back of the thighs

pivot toward the table

______ muscles are found in the limbs. They tend to have long white tendons and cross two or more joints.

Mobility

_______ muscles are found in the torso. They are large expanses of red muscle that provide postural support.

Stability

Other devices can also be used such as a _______.

roller device.

For patients who are unable to assist in their move from a cart, gurney, or stretcher onto an x-ray table, the use of ______ ______ or ______ may be required.

a maxi slide, a draw sheet, and thin sheets of plastic

Some patients may be too heavy to lift manually and will require a _____.

hydraulic lift.

Skin breakdown can occur in a brief period of time (1 to 2 hours) and may result in a decubitus ulcer caused by ____ ____ & ____.

immobility, pressure, and shearing force.

The person lifting the patient's torso is usually ______

in charge of the transfer.

Proper body alignment when lifting or transferring a patient includes:

keep the back straight and knees bent. Avoid twisting Keep the object close to the body at the center of gravity Balance the weight over both feet, keeping the head erect

The best way to perform a transfer is to _______.

let the patient do as much of the work as possible.

The body contains muscles that are designed for _____ and muscles for ______.

mobility stability

Technologists should be aware of ________ which is the drop in blood pressure that occurs when a person stands.

orthostatic hypotension