Patient Care Test #1
When administering medication, the healthcare provider should always consider the "5 rights" of medication administration. Which four of the following are included in these "rights"?
Dose, time, route, patient
Examples of nonverbal communication include which three of the following?
being silent, folding your arms across your chest during a conversation, maintaining eye contact
The primary means of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is via
blood
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease resulting from a chronic disorder of
blood glucose metabolism
The primary means of hepatitis B transmission is via
blood or bodily fluids
Which of the following terms would be appropriate if your patient's respiratory rate is severely decreased?
bradypnea
An example of a moderate allergic reaction to a contrast agent is which three of the following?
bronchospasm, urticaria, erythema
An example of a moderate reaction to a contrast agent is which three of the following
bronchospasm, urticaria, erythema
The technologist must use strict infection-control measures that include blood and body fluid precautions
for every patient
Which of the following most closely relates to the medical abbreviation "fx"?
fracture
Which of the following is/are included among the major categories of microorganisms
fungus, protozoa, viruses, bacteria
A patient in the emergency department has been in a motor vehicle accident and has sustained lacerations of the head, chest, and abdomen. There is blood on the cart/gurney and on the floor, but the wounds have been covered to prevent spray. A portable abdomen x-ray ordered. What three procedures below are safe practices to follow to protect yourself?
wear a protective gown, wash hands after the procedure, wear gloves
Which three of the following tests are done to evaluate a patient's renal function?
serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and glomerular filtration rate
Bacteria can be classified by which three of the following?
shape, staining test, oxygen requirement
Transferring a patient from a supine to a lateral position using the log rolling technique should be done if they are suspected of having (a):
spinal injury
Proper body mechanics for lifting a patient include which two of the following?
stand with your feet shoulder-width apart, bend your knees slightly
Hypotension is a condition in which the
systolic pressure is less than 90 mm Hg
Which three of the following signs/symptoms that are probable indicators of a patient that is in shock
tachycardia, anxiety, decreased temperature
Which three of the following conditions must be met in order for patient informed consent to be valid?
the patient must sign the form before receiving sedation, the physician named on the form must perform the procedure, all blanks on the consent form must be filled in prior to the patient signing the form
Informed consent would be valid in which of the following two circumstances?
the procedure is explained in a language understood by the patient, by a hospital interpreter, and the patient's unit nurse signed as a witness on the informed consent form
Patient's rights include which of the following?
the right to refuse treatment, the right to confidentiality, the right to one's medical records
An individual who is wearing sterile gloves would be considered contaminated if
their hands move below the waist
A technologist forgets to use his lead marker on the posteroanterior (PA) image of the chest, and the marker ended up outside the collimated area on the image of the lateral chest. Rather than repeating the images to include the marker, the technologist applies an electronic marker to the images and sends them to the radiologist. What are the concerns with this from a legal standoint?
this is considered manipulation of electronic data, this type of post-processing marker is not acceptable in a legal case, the image could be marked incorrectly
Civil law includes which of the following
tort
Intentional or unintentional acts performed by an individual and based on unreasonable conduct are known as
torts
Patients with known contagious illness are separated from others in the hospital by
transmission-based precautions
If a used or contaminated needle absolutely must be recapped for safety reasons, what is the safest way to do it?
use a one-handed scoop method to slide the needle into the cap
Which of the following would be considered a fomite?
used positioning sponge
Log rolling is a method of moving patients with a suspected
vertebral column injury
Pathogenic microorganisms that require a living host's cells to survive and reproduce are called
viruses
When a pulse is described as thready, this means
weak
What kind of shock occurs when toxins produced during massive infection cause a dramatic drop in blood pressure?
Septic
When removing a needle after a venipuncture, the first step post removal is to
apply pressure until bleeding stops
If a technologist mistakenly takes images on the incorrect patient, it may be considered
battery
If an x-ray technologist touches their patient without asking first, they are guilty of
battery
What could cause a patient to experience syncope?
being famished, lack of sleep, stress, anxiety
The Occupation Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) Blood-borne Pathogen regulations and CDC Standard Precautions apply to which of the following?
Blood, Saliva, Wound drainage, Cerebrospinal fluid
Which of the following imaging modalities is most commonly used to diagnose osteoporosis?
Bone densitometry
Which vessel is most commonly used to measure blood pressure?
Brachial artery
A nosocomial infection that occurs as a result of overgrowth of the normal flora is called
endogenous
In an unwitnessed cardiac arrest, the first five seconds of rescue activity is used to
establish unresponsiveness
If a patient presents with urticaria (hives) after administration of contrast media, which emergency medication can be administered intravenously?
Benadryl
The normal range of creatinine in an adult is
0.6-1.5 mg/dL
Everything inside a sterile kit is considered sterile except for the outer border. How wide of a border is considered safe to touch?
1 inch
One may say that the patient has tachycardia if the patient has a pulse rate higher than
100 beats per minute
The average pulse rate of an infant is
100-150 beats per minute
What is the average rate of respiration, or breaths per minute (BPM), for an adult
12 to 20 BPM
To be in compliance with medical aseptic standards, what is the minimal time for effective hand washing?
15 seconds
When caring for a patient with an IV, the solution should be positioned
18-24 inches above the level of the infusion site
At what point, based in minutes, would a person be at risk of irreversible brain damage if they develop cerebral hypoxia
4-6 minutes
The normal range of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in an adult is
6-20 mg/dl
The normal range (in degrees Fahrenheit) for an adult oral temperature is:
96.8-99.8^F
What MUST be worn when entering the room of a patient in droplet isolation?
A mask
A radiographer who refuses to perform exams on patients who are of a particular race or culture may be guilty of
A professional ethics violation
What is the correct medical abbreviation for 'as desired'
Ad lib
Modesty and personal independence are most important to a child in which stage of development?
Adolescence
Based on Standard Precautions, Which three of the following are types of transmission-based precautions?
Airborne, contact, droplet
Emergency medical services bring a patient to the emergency room on a trauma backboard. The patient should not be removed from the board until
All fractures have been ruled out.
During an operative procedure, which of the following persons is NOT considered to be sterile?
Anesthesiologist
A vasodilator would most likely be used for
Angina pectoris
Spine injuries are the leading injury for healthcare providers. With this in mind, what is the BEST way for a technologist to avoid injury when transferring a patient onto the radiographic table?
Ask the patient to help as much as he/she is able
If a patient is scheduled for an upper gastrointestinal (UDI) and a small bowel radiological series, which type of radiographic contrast is contraindicated for the procedure if the patient is suspected of having a perforated ulcer?
Barium
If a radiographer touches a patient without asking first, the technologist may be accused of
Battery
What is the proper method of preparing the skin surface with an antiseptic prior to a surgical procedure?
Beginning at the center of the region of interest and moving in a circular motion toward the outside
If a patient has a known allergy to intravenous contrast, a premedication of which drug might be given before the injection of contrast?
Benadryl
Which of the following contrast agents, when added to the body, decreases the tissue density of the body part?
Carbon Dioxide
What type of shock could result from a pulmonary embolus?
Cardiogenic
Which three of the following are considered protected health information under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) Privacy Act?
Cell phone number, medical record number, X-ray images
Which two of the following may be used to identify a two-month-old infant for a portable radiographic examination?
Comparing the name on the wristband with the name on the x-ray order, comparing the medical record number on the wristband to the x-ray order
When explaining an exam to a patient of Japanese descent, you notice she does not look you in the eye and instead looks down. You assume she is not paying attention or does not understand, however, she was taught to believe too much eye contact can be disrespectful. This is an example of what kind of patient factor?
Cultural
Children develop a fear of illness and death during which stage of childhood?
school age
It is important for a radiographer to empathize with a patient who may be undergoing the grieving process. The first stage of this process as identified by Kubler-Ross is usually
Denial
A 75-year-old outpatient comes into the imaging department for a scheduled double-contrast barium enema procedure. Per the patient, she has skipped her morning medications as prescribed for the procedures, one of which was her insulin. As you are explaining the procedure to her, she complains about feeling weak. You notice that she has become diaphoretic and confused. Her speech has also become slurred. You should suspect a
Diabetic insulin reaction
Which two of the following imaging modalities use non-ionizing radiation?
Diagnostic medical sonography, Magnetic resonance imaging
The proper medical term for a patient who is suddenly turns pale and feels cold and clammy is:
Diaphoretic
Swelling caused by excessive fluid in the tissues is called
Edema
Which drug is most likely to be administered first in response to a patient experiencing severe bronchospasm following injection of iodinated contrast media?
Epinephrine
Which of the following might be an example of the legal doctrine of res ipsa loquitor?
Excessive fluoroscopy causes a radiation-induced skin burn
Which type of isolation or precautions may be used for patients who are highly susceptible to becoming infected, such as those who have been diagnosed with leukemia?
Expanded precautions
Professional ethics may be defined as
Expectations set by members of a particular group and abided by each member of that group
Which of the following would be considered a severe contrast media reaction?
seizures
An image receptor (IR) is used on multiple patients without being cleaned. One of the patients develops a serious skin infection. What term might be applied to the IR?
Fomite
Which position is described as a patient placed on a stretcher with the head elevated approximately 50*?
Fowler position
Rapid neurological assessment is accomplished by using the
Glasgow scale
What is the most severe of all convulsive seizures in which the person may have a loss of consciousness and violent muscle contractions
Grand mal seizure
The drug Nitroglycerin is indicated for the treatment of which two of the following
Heart attack, angina
A person's core body temperature is regulated by what structure
Hypothalamus
A disease caused by a healthcare professional or by medical treatment is known as a(n)
Iatrogenic disease
What level of consent is assumed when a hospitalized patient undergoes a portable chest x-ray examination?
Implied
A barium sulfate suspension should NOT be used for a colon examination in a patient with suspected
Intestinal tract perforation
If a dose of Benadryl is needed for an emergency reaction to contrast, how should it be administered?
Intravenously
A lab technician reveals the results of a patient's pregnancy test to the patient's sister during a dinner at a restaurant. What violation did the technician commit?
Invasion of privacy
You are preparing to perform a lower gastrointestinal (GI) procedure on a patient with a suspected perforation of the bowel. What type of contrast media should be prepared?
Iodinated aqueous
If a patient develops pulmonary edema after administration of contrast media, and they do not respond to conservative treatment, which emergency medication can be administered intravenously?
Lasix
A patient brought into the x-ray room informs you that they feel light-headed and faint. What is the best way to respond to this situation?
Lie the patient on the x-ray table with legs elevated
If a patient scheduled for an arthrogram states that they have an allergy to an iodinated contrast medium, what other imaging methods could be used to demonstrate the desired anatomy without putting the patient at risk?
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
You witness a coworker completing an exam on the incorrect patient. You approach her regarding the situation and she begs you not to say anything to anyone. She said that she's already been disciplined this year and one more incident could possibly lead to loss of her job. What is the most appropriate action you should take regarding the situation?
Notify the department supervisor or director immediately
After an injection of an iodinated contrast agent, the patient becomes diaphoretic and light headed. You note the pulse is fairly rapid. What is the best response to this situation?
Notify the radiologist and elevate the patient's legs 20-30 degrees.
Which of the following statements is true concerning the delivery of oxygen to a patient?
Oxygen is considered as a medication
What type of health information is protected under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA)?
Paper order requisition, Electronic medical records (EMRs), Spoken word
What may potentially occur if a diabetic patient has taken his or her normal dose of insulin, but has had nothing by mouth (NPO) since midnight?
Patient can go into insulin shock
Which of the following terms refers to the radiologic interventional procedure that is performed to remove calculi from within the renal pelvis or proximal ureter?
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
In which age group is it most common for children to believe they are sick because they were bad?
Preschool age
Which of the following is the medical term for "itchy"?
Pruritus
If a technologist repeatedly violates the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) Rules of Ethics, the most likely result would be
Revocation of certification and registration
Transferring a patient via logrolling should be done if a patient is suspected of having
Spinal injury
It is important that proper body mechanics are used for both the technologist and the patient when performing transfers. Which three of the following should be remembered to avoid lower-back injury during a patient transfer?
Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart, Bend your knees slightly as they act as shock absorbers, The biceps are the strongest of the arm muscles and are more efficient at pulling than pushing
The elimination of all microorganisms from an object is termed
Sterilization
Where would the distal tip of a tunneled line such as a Hickman catheter be located
Superior vena cava
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) was enacted in response to the need for patient privacy and security because
The increasing use of electronic data transactions
A patient is to be scheduled for a barium enema (BE), an abdominal sonogram (US), and an upper GI (UGI). The proper sequence for performing these procedures is
US, BE, UGI
Which three of the following would be effective in communication with a patient?
assessing the patient's condition, establishing a rapport, using pantomime techniques
A "do not resuscitate" (DNR) order or other request for minimal medical treatment may be made via:
The patient through a living will
The term, res ipsa loquitur is used to describe
The thing speaks for itself
Long term administration of medications
The tube illustrated here is used for
The most severe of all convulsive seizures is the
Tonic-clonic or Grand mal seizure
The medical condition, ketoacidosis refers to
acute hyperglycemia
To ensure correct patient identification, a radiographer must always do which three of the following?
Use two identifiers, ask the patient for their date of birth, ask the patient for their full name
For which of the conditions below would it be helpful to place the patient in the Trendelenburg?
Vasovagal reaction
There is an outbreak of food poisoning in the hospital cafeteria. This disease has most likely been spread by which method?
Vehicle
Which of the following refers to the use of words?
Verbal communication
What is the first duty the radiographer should perform when beginning a radiographic procedure?
Verify the patient's identity
Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line
What is the medical device shown in this image?
You have an unexpected opening in your schedule and can fit in a patient for a myelogram. The patient and her husband are in the department and she needs the myelogram prior to getting a spinal computer tomography (CT). As you prepare to obtain informed consent from this patient, you find that she does not speak English, although her husband is reasonably fluent. What is the best course of action to pursue?
You call for a hospital interpreter to come to the department and interpret the physician's explanation.
The document in which patients identify the type and amount of nutritional and life-sustaining treatments desired at the end of life is referred to as
a living will
Which three of the following components is required for an infection to survive and be transmitted?
a pathogen, a favorable environment for microorganism growth, exogenous or endogenous transmission
Which of the following age groups may be unpredictable, in that the patient may react in a mature, adult manner or in a child-like manner?
adolescents
Rapid onset of severe respiratory or cardiovascular symptoms after ingestion or injection of a drug, vaccine, contrast agent, food, or insect bite best describes
anaphylaxis
A reduction in the normal number of erythrocytes circulating in the blood is called
anemia
Which three of the following are considered as examples of a "symptom" and now a "sign"?
anxiety, fatigue, malaise
In which direction should the top flap of a sterile tray be opened by the radiographer?
away from the radiographer
A patient's pulse may be obtained by palpating which three of the following vessels?
axillary artery, common carotid artery, brachial artery
The two most likely causes of an anaphylactic response when a patient is undergoing a routine double contrast lower gastrointestinal study (GI) would be sensitivity to
barium solution, latex
"Touching a patient without permission or justification" is the legal definition of
battery
If a radiographer performs an intravenous urogram (IVU) on a patient who was supposed to have had a lumbar spine series, the radiographer may be charged with
battery
If a technologist mistakenly images the incorrect anatomy versus what was ordered, it could be considered as
battery
What action should be taken by a radiologic technologist when a patient has stopped breathing?
call for help
The bloodstream is a common site for nosocomial infections. Which of the following is the most common cause for a nosocomial infection related to the vascular system?
care of an indwelling vascular access device
Which two of the following would constitute acceptable patient identification, per the Joint Commission?
date of birth, first name and last name
The grieving stage in which patients act as though nothing is wrong with them best describes
denial
The BEST communication method for dealing with preschool-age children having radiographic procedures that may be painful is to
describe the sensation they may experience
Dyspnea is a term that means
difficulty breathing
A patient with known tuberculosis (TB), chickenpox, or measles should be placed under what two types of precaution?
droplet isolation, airborne
Side effects of diphenhydramine (Benadryl) include
drowsiness
A patient who is moderately hypoglycemic would benefit from which of the following?
glass of orange juice
During a grand mal seizure, the technologist should place the patient on a
gurney placed as low to the ground as possible, with the patient lying down and unrestrained
Iodine is used as a contrast medium principally because of its
high atomic number
The most common means of spreading infection is
human hands
Universal fall precautions are implemented in health care facilities to reduce the chance of falls in patients regardless of
individual fall risk
A nosocomial infection is a(n)
infection acquired in a hospital
Patient participation in a research study is voluntary and should be accompanied by
informed consent
Which three of the following procedures require an aseptic technique?
insertion of a urinary catheter, insertion of a nasogastric tube, insertion of an intravenous line
Sterile technique is required when contrast agents are administered:
intrathecally
What is the best route of administration if a dose of Benadryl is needed for an anaphylactic type reaction to intravascular iodinated contrast
intravenously
While caring for a patient with chest tube drainage, which of the following actions should you take?
keep the drainage tube below the level of the chest during the procedure
The term extravasation means
leakage of intravenous fluids into surrounding tissues
Which three of the following situations may cause a patient to go through the grieving process?
losing a spouse, being diagnosed with cancer, becoming blind
When referring to a hypodermic needle, the term "gauge" is used to identify
lumen size of the needle
A patient suffering from an episode of syncope should be placed in which of the following positions?
lying on the back with feet elevated
Which four of the following facts are true of fungi?
may be much larger than bacteria, may be classified as acid-fast, may reproduce by budding, group includes yeast
What three of the following must be included in every patient's medical record?
medical history, informed consent forms, procedure orders
Injection of iodinated contrast medium may be contraindicated for a diabetic patient who is currently taking which of the following medications?
metformin
Bacteria can be classified by all of the following EXCEPT (shape, staining tests, mold tests, oxygen requirements)
mold tests
Which of the following medical abbreviations might be used to refer to a heart attack?
myocardial infarction (MI)
When taking a patient's history prior to intravenous (IV) contrast injection, all of the following would be considered possible contraindications EXCEPT:
sensitivity to aspirin
When working with a sterile field, which three of the following statements are accurate
never turn your back on a sterile field, if you suspect that an object is contaminated, always assume that it is contaminated, avoid reaching across a sterile field
The water-soluble contrast media that results in the fewest adverse patient reactions would be
non-ionic with low osmolality
The prime difference between an ionic and nonionic iodinated contrast agent is that
nonionic is considered to have lower osmolality
epistaxis is the term used to describe
nosebleeds
A percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube is primarily used for
nutritional support
The medical specialization in the study of pregnancy and childbirth is called
obstetrics
Following a sudden change of posture from the recumbent to the erect position, the patient complains of dizziness and may experience syncope or fainting due to a condition known as
orthostatic hypotension
A pulse oximeter is used to measure the patient's
oxygen saturation (SaO2)
The suffix "-algia" is defined as
pain
Which of the following three signs/symptoms below would indicate a patient is going into shock?
pallor, increased heart rate, diaphoresis
Which two conditions could potentially cause a patient to experience syncope?
patient has had nothing by mouth (NPO) for 12 hours in preparation for a lower gastrointestinal (GI) study, Patient is under intense emotional stress before an imaging procedure
The field of medicine related to the care of children is referred to as
pediatrics
What is the proper way to dispose of a used needle?
place the uncapped needle in the sharps container
The burden of proof for medical negligence rests with the
plaintiff
When preparing to assist a patient with a fractured leg from a wheelchair onto the x-ray table, how should the technologist proceed
position the wheelchair so that the non-fractured leg is on the side closest to the table
A radiographic contrast medium that absorbs more radiation than the organ in which it is placed in is termed a(n):
positive agent
Sterilization using an autoclave involves
pressurized steam
Which three of the following MUST be included in every patient's medical record?
procedure orders, medical history, informed consent
Diuretics are used for
promoting urine production
In the imaging department, Lidocaine (Xylocaine) is often used to
provide a topical anesthetic for invasive procedures
Why is it important for a radiographer to document any reaction to intravenous contrast media?
providers will need to review a patient's history of reaction to evaluate a risk versus benefit and the use of contrast media, healthcare workers will need to have knowledge of what medications were used if any to stabilize after a patient's previous reaction, Patients may need pre-medication for future exams
A medical instrument that evaluates oxygen saturation in the blood is called
pulse oximeter
Before entering into a contact isolation room the radiographer should do which two of the following?
put on a disposable gown, put on gloves
Of the following, which would be considered a severe systemic effect of anaphylaxis?
rapid onset of hypotension
If extravasation occurs during intravenous injection of contrast media, correct treatment includes which three of the following?
remove the needle immediately, apply pressure to the vein until bleeding stops, watch for improvement in the initial signs and symptoms
When radiographing a child, all of the following are an effective tool except
remove their blanket, toy, or item of comfort
A patient's blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels must be checked prior to intravenous (IV) contrast injection in order to evaluate
renal function
What is the main difference between restraining a patient and immobilizing a patient?
restraining a patient involves using physical force to keep a patient still without consent; immobilizing a patient involves keeping a patient still with consent