PBHL 1103I - Lesson 3

Physical effects of stress can include...

- cardivascular disease, weight gain, hair loss, diabetes, digestive problems, and impaired immunity

Chronic stress may cause structural degeneration and impaired function of the brain, increasing the risk for all of the following EXCEPT depression meningitis dementia Alzherimer's disease

meningitis

Distress

negative stress that can have a detrimental effect on health.

Self-efficacy

the belief or confidence in your skills and performance abilities.

Stress

the mental and physical response and adaptation by our bodies to real or perceived change and challenges

A personality trait characterized by control, commitment, and the willingness to embrace new challenges is known as psychological hardiness.

true

Cardiovascular disease has been identified as a health consequence of chronic stress.

true

Laughter may increase endorphin levels.

true

Psychoneuroimmunology is the scientific study of the interrelationships of mind and body on the immune system.

true

The three phases of the general adaptation syndrome are alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

true

Women are more likely than men to "tend and befriend" in response to stress.

true

Psychological hardiness

a personality trait characterized by control, commitment, and the embrace of challenge

Traumatic stress

a physiological and mental response that occurs for a prolonged period of time after a major stressful event in which one may be seriously hurt, killed, or witness horrible things.

Eustress

a positive stress, presents opportunities for personal growth

Acute stress

a short-term physiological response to an immediate or perceived threat.

Cortisol is secreted by the

adrenal glands

Chronic secretion of cortisol increases the risk for diabetes by affecting blood glucose levels supressing appetite increasing immunocompetence triggering vomiting and diarrhea

affecting blood glucose levels

Eating healthy foods helps in managing stress, because food is comforting and eating can distract one from problems especially if they contain sympathomimetics because they are easier on the digestive system than junk foods although the precise reasons are not fully understood

although the precise reasons are not fully understood

Chronic stress

an ongoing state of physiological arousal in response to ongoing or numerous perceived threats.

Stressor

any real or perceived physical, social, or psychological event or stimulus that causes our bodies to react to stress.

In which stage of the general adaptation syndrome does the fight-or-flight response occur? a. Exhaustion stage b. Alarm stage c. Resistance stage d. Response stage

b

Which of the following is the best strategy to avoid test-taking anxiety? a. Do most studying the night before the exam so the material is fresh in your mind. b. Study over a period of time with a thorough review the night before. c. Drink a caffeinated beverage before the exam because sympathomimetics reduce stress. d. Take the exam as quickly as possible so you don't dwell on potential mistakes.

b

Even though Andre experienced stress when he graduated from college and moved to a new city, he viewed these changes as an opportunity for growth. What is Andre's stress called? a. Strain b. Distress c. Eustress d. Adaptive response

c

Kindness, empathy, tolerance, concern for others, sensitivity, and a desire to help are examples of which element of mindfulness? a. Reinforcing factors b. Adaptive thermogenesis c. Compassion d. Psychological resilience

c

Losing your keys is an example of what psychosocial source of stress? a. Cumulative adversity b. Relative deprivation c. Hassles d. Conflict

c

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for energizing the body to either fight or flee is the a. central nervous system. b. parasympathetic nervous system. c. sympathetic nervous system. d. endocrine system

c

The sum of exposure to stressors, including complex traumas, is known as allostatic load cumulative adversity overload chronic stress

cumulative adversity

A state of physical and mental exhaustion caused by excessive stress is called a. conflict. b. overload. c. hassles. d. burnout

d

After 5 years of 70-hour work weeks, Tom decided to leave his high-paying, high-stress law firm and lead a simpler lifestyle. What is this trend called? a. Adaptation b. Conflict resolution c. Burnout reduction d. Downshifting

d

When Jessie encounters a stressful situation, she adapts well and bounces back easily. What protective factor is Jessie exhibiting to deal with stress? a. Cognitive restructuring b. Type A personality c. High self-esteem d. Psychological resilience

d

Sympathetic nervous system

energizes the body for fight or flight by signaling release of several stress hormones.

Deep breathing is a technique used in yoga but not in other mind-body practices.

false

Multitasking is an effective time-management strategy.

false

No valid research exists on the effects of massage therapy on mental health.

false

Some research suggests that chronic stress can suppress the amygdala, causing the individual to become passive and apathetic.

false

Parasympathetic nervous system

functions to slow all the systems stimulated by the stress response.

Hakim walked into his house one summer day and discovered that the air conditioning was not working. He did not get upset because the last time this happened, he found a great repair company that was fast and affordable; he also had a couple of fans that he used to keep cool until the AC was restored. Hakim did not experience excessive stress because he had a plan in place due to his last experience with the repair company. he has a Type A personality. his appraisal of the stressor told him he could cope with it. he has low self-esteem and knew he could not fix the AC himself.

his appraisal of the stressor told him he could cope with it

Among the following, the group most likely to struggle with stress are older adult males young adult males older adult females young adult females

young adult females

All of the following are likely to influence your response to stressors EXCEPT your general health status your friend's level of stress your age your past experiences

your friend's level of stress

The area of scientific investigation that analyzes the relationship between the mind's response to stress and the immune system's ability to function effectively is a. psychoneuroimmunology. b. immunocompetence. c. psychoimmunology. d. psychology.

a

Self-esteem

how you feel about yourself.

The immune system's ability to respond to assaults is known as defense adaptation immunity immunocompetence

immunocompetence

Episodic acute stress

occurs when regularly reacting with wild, acute stress about one thing or another.

The feeling that you are overextended and that it's not possible for you to meet all the demands being placed up on you is known as overload homeostasis pressure frustration

overload