P.B.S: UNIT: 1: 1.2

Thymine

A type of nucleic acid that carries hereditary information in DNA in cells. Chemically it is a pyrimidine base.

Describe the duties of a forensic DNA analyst and what they would have help in Anna's case.

Analyze crime scenes to determine what and how evidence should be collected. Take photographs of the crime scene and evidence. Make sketches of the crime scene. Record observations and findings, such as the location and position of evidence. A forensic DNA analyst would have helped Anna's case as the could have helped provide critical evidence of how a crime happened and who committed it.

Restriction Enzyme

Analyzes nucleotide sequence and cuts up DNA

Cytosine

Component of Nucleic Acids that carries hereditary information DNA and RNA in cells. Has a pyrimidine base.

Guanine

Component of nucleic acids that carries DNA and RNA in cells

Adnenine

Component of nucleic acids, and energy carrying molecules such as ATP and certain co-enzymes. Chemically it is a purine base.

RFLP'S

DNA segments result from treatments with restriction enzymes.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Double stranded, helical, nucleic acid, molecule capable of replicating and determining a structure of a cells proteins.

What did we learn from Watson & Crick? Why was this article so important?

James Watson and Francis Crick, published a paper describing the three-dimensional structure of DNA as a double helix. Determining the structure of DNA marked a monumental milestone in the new field of genetics, opening the door to the detection of genetic predisposition to disease, the creation of new drugs to treat disease, and personalization of medicine based on individual genetic profiles. DNA can also be used to determine guilt or innocence of a suspect in a crime, and much more.

What physical evidence obtained from the crime scene could be used to obtain DNA?

Other physical evidence obtained from the crime scene containing DNA could be the rim of the cup (Saliva), vomit, blood, hair and fingernails.

Why did the DNA isolation protocol differ for the plant and animal cells?

Plant cells have more steps as their cells have cell walls. Plant cells have a cell wall so we have to dissolve the cell wall(with the extraction buffer) to get to the DNA. With animal cells you had to use your teeth to scrape the DNA off into the saliva.

Describe the role of restriction enzymes in DNA analysis AND show an example.

Restriction endonucleases (commonly called restriction enzymes) act as molecular scissors that can cut DNA in specific location. Because every individual's DNA is slightly different, an individual's code determines the number of times the restriction enzymes will cut and the number and size of DNA pieces that will result. An example would be...

Model

Simplified version of something complex

Helix

Something in the form of a spiral

Describe and draw the basic structural unit of DNA.

The basic structural unit of DNA is called a nucleotide, which is composed of a deoxyribose sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The nucleotides link together in a series spiraling clockwise around a central axis forming a twisted ladder called a double helix. There are only four types of nitrogenous bases, and the sequence of these bases encodes the information that determines an organism's traits.

Nucleotide

The building blocks of DNA

How does the process of gel electrophoresis work? Draw a picture AND describe.

The gel acts like a screen. Small pieces of DNA move through the gel more easily than the large pieces, so the small pieces travel further through the gel than the large pieces. Since DNA has a negative charge, you can separate the DNA fragments by applying an electric current to the gel. This means that the DNA will migrate toward the positive pole when it is placed in an electric field. Remember, opposites attract.

Describe and draw how this basic structure fits together and the shape it forms.

The nucleotides link together in a series spiraling clockwise around a central axis, forming a twisted ladder called a double helix. There are only four types of nitrogenous bases, and the sequence of these bases encodes the information that determines an organism's traits.

Explain this statement "DNA is the fundamental building block for life."

The statement "DNA is the fundamental building block for life" means that without dna they would be no life as dna makes up parts of your body and their would be no way to identify oneself.

G - C - A - T PuPy PuPy

This acronym represents the base pairs that match together (G&C and A&T). The PuPY PuPy represents purines and pyrimidines (purines are G&A and pyrimidines are C&T).

Gene

Unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleic sequence in DNA

Chromosome

Usually and of the linear bodies in a cells nucleus. (Contains genetic material)

Create a template DNA strand and corresponding complementary DNA strand.

c t a c t g t c a g t a g t c g c c g t g a t g a c a g t c a t c a g c g g c a