PDD Black Spectacles Exam 2
What is the design load on pier B? Use 40 psf for live load and 10 psf for dead load. Provide your answer in pounds. Round to the nearest pound.
First find the tributary area supported by the pier. The pier will support the deck halfway to the ledger and halfway to the adjacent piers.Tributary area: 5'-4" x 6' = 32 square feet. Add the live load and dead load together to get the design load: 40 + 10 = 50 psf.Multiply 50 psf by 32 square feet to obtain the answer of 1600 pounds.
A set of plans shows a sidewalk that crosses a wide lawn from the parking lot to a dormitory building. To avoid cracking or movement, the sidewalk must have control joints and expansion joints at regular intervals. The sidewalk is 5 feet wide. In a typical 5-foot-wide concrete sidewalk, what is the distance in feet between Control joints in the direction of travel?
Five feet is the typical spacing of control joints, not expansion joints. This creates the typical square pattern in concrete sidewalks.
The plans for a new community room show light switches in three different places, each serving a different entry point into the room. All serve the same group of overhead light fixtures. What type of switches should you see in the plans?
Four-way switches are used when connecting three different switches to the same light or group of lights.
A client requests renewable sources of energy to power their building. Which sources of energy should the architect recommend?
Geothermal, Wind, Hydroelectric
An architect is developing the facade restoration details for a historic masonry hotel in Minneapolis, MN. Which of the joint details in the illustration are best at resisting rain and snow?
Grapevine, Vee, Concave
When reviewing the site plan for a new apartment complex, an owner asks their architect to provide landscaping to help distinguish the site boundaries from the surrounding buildings. Which landscape element will help define the site's perimeter without restricting access?
Groundcover is a low vegetative option which can help establish site boundaries and can fill space that could seem anonymous or unused. This could be a particularly effective approach if confined by paved areas.
In the design of a mixed-use building, an architect and engineer are planning the various fire protection systems. Where should the fire and smoke dampers be located?
HVAC ducts penetrating rated partitions are required to have fire and smoke dampers to prevent the spread of smoke and fire from one part of the building to another.
An architect is evaluating a geotechnical report of soil conditions on a proposed building site. Select the order of soil types that is arranged from lowest expected bearing capacity to highest expected bearing capacity.
Highly organic loam, clayey sand, silty gravel, well-graded gravel
The owner's request for proposals states that the project must earn LEED certification; however, the selected architect did not include sustainable products or procedures in the material schedule and specifications. What is the potential consequence of this exclusion?
If specific information is not included in the specifications, the correct products to ensure LEED certification might not get incorporated into the project.
An architect is designing a water park. The architect is preparing a construction cost estimate during the construction documents phase. Which of the following should the architect consider?
Knowing current market conditions for both labor and materials results in more accurate cost estimates.
An architect has been hired to design a multi-family building. The architect is coordinating drawings with the engineers. The first floor electrical plan should show which of the following? Check the four that apply.
Lamp holder, Switches, Panels, Receptacles
An architect is designing a public school and has produced the required set of drawings and specifications. A specification document says, "Apply two coats of the specified tile sealer to the cement wall tile." What type of specification is this?
Prescriptive specifications describe how the work will be done, and which materials to use.
An architect is selecting furniture for an auditorium and considering how the selections will affect the programmatic requirements, code regulations, and occupant experience. When considering different types of seating, the architect reviews the plans to determine how far apart the rows of seats will be spaced. Which of the following depths, from the back of a seat to the back of the seat in front of it, is most appropriate for occupant comfort?
36" from seat back to seat back is recommended for maximum occupant comfort. This distance allows the occupant enough leg room to be comfortable, without sacrificing the cohesiveness of the audience.
A residential building is proposed to be built out of load-bearing walls ornamented with decorative, fluted concrete masonry units. The units are standard size at 8x8x16 (nominal). The corners of the building are curved with a 2'-6" radius. How should the corner masonry be constructed?
As this is a nonstandard masonry detail, the best solution would be to make custom pieces specifically for this building.
The client has provided Integrated BIM and a 3D-building-scan model of the facility and requested that the architect provide all documents in BIM format. Which of the following is a reason for the client to have a BIM manager on site?
A BIM manager at a large facility integrates facilities data for all areas of the facility. Per The Architect's Handbook of Professional Practice, BIM systems offer advantages for facility maintenance and operations. Items that may need to be integrated in this example are the operations and requirements for multiple production lines.
An architect has received instruction to incorporate an auditorium into the design of a large office building. In order to comply with life safety requirements, which of the following actions should the architect take?
A fire barrier extends from the floor slab to the underside of the slab or roof structure, and in this scenario would be appropriate as an occupancy separation between the Office B and Auditorium A assemblies.
When reviewing the contractor's bid breakdown, the architect notices a line item in which the quantities are estimated using squares as a unit. Which of the following materials would be estimated using squares?
A square is 100 square feet and is the measurement used when estimating roofing.
An architect is specifying window types for a multi-family housing project in Seattle. The client likes to provide windows for natural ventilation and likes wants residents to have the ability to leave the windows open if it is raining outside, since Seattle is a rainy location. What is the best window type for the architect to specify for the bedrooms of this project?
A tilt-turn window is ideal, as it admits little rainwater, provides natural ventilation, and allows egress from the bedroom.
While reviewing submittals, the architect wants to know if a product conforms with industry standards. Which of the following organizations oversees the creation, conformity, and promotion of thousands of norms and guidelines used in industry and construction?
ANSI (American National Standards Institute) is an organization that creates and promotes standards for products, services, and processes.
A site plan shows a region of the site that is designed to have a 1:48 slope. A slope of 1:48 can be described as which of the following?
1:48 is equal to 1/4" per foot. This is relatively flat. Examples of this amount of slope would be the cross slope of a sidewalk or the slope of a shower floor.
The project architect has been tasked with sizing the egress components for a three-story addition on top of an existing office building. Each stairway will be extended to access the new stories. In what order should the project architect conduct the code analysis to accurately determine the required width of the stairways?
1. Use Chapter 3 of the International Building Code (IBC) to establish the occupancy group. 2. Based on the occupancy group, table 1004.1.2 in the IBC will determine the occupant load factor. 3. Multiplying this factor by the square footage of the space/building will determine the occupant load. 4. Multiplying the occupancy by the information given in section 1005.2 will yield the minimum required stair width.
Human resources stations will be provided in the break rooms for employee use. The counters will be 22 inches deep and 34 inches tall. What is the maximum height that the human resource forms can be posted above the counter in a forward-reaching situation?
10
A shelf must be mounted at a height which allows a person in a wheelchair to use it from a side approach. Based on accessibility codes, what is the maximum height for mounting a shelf?
Based on accessibility codes, 48" is the maximum vertical reach for a person in a wheelchair who has an unobstructed side reach.
A steel beam is required for a renovation project where the load-bearing walls will be removed. The architect selects a beam based on the desired depth. The structural engineer runs the load calculations and selects a beam with more material located further from the neutral axis. The engineer's beam selection provides greater resistance to which of the following?
Bending forces in a beam are better resisted when more material is located farther from the neutral axis. This is why a deeper beam can carry more load.
A city water plant is being renovated to incorporate the latest technology in water treatment. All new finishes within the plant must withstand the elements used in the treatment to kill pathogens. Which of the following chemicals is added to public water supplies in order to kill pathogens?
Chlorine is added to the public water supply to destroy microorganisms that can cause disease.
An architect is reviewing the boring logs for a new multi-family residential project. Arrange the soil types below by particle size from smallest to largest.
Clay has the smallest particle size. The next largest is silt, followed by sand which is larger still. Finally, gravel has the largest particle size.
The entire facility requires a new flat roof system. The owner has asked the architect to consider a vegetated roofing system. Which of the following items should the architect consider when determining the feasibility of a vegetated roofing system? Check the four that apply.
Climate at the location of the facility Load-bearing capacity of the roof deck Type of existing roofing system Type of plantings desired
An architect is preparing the specifications and construction documents for an interior renovation of a 50,000 sf senior living facility. Under which division should the architect include the specification section for the interior commissioning?
Commissioning should be included in Division 01 - General Requirements as a part of specification section 01 91 23 Interiors Commissioning. This is under the heading of "Life Cycle Activities".
An architect is working with a structural engineer to design the layout of a new A-frame cabin. The cabin will have a wood joist floor, and should utilize economical spans of the locally available lumber. In designing the cabin, which of the following would impact the joist span? Check the four that apply.
Deflection allowable for the intended use Magnitude of applied loads Joist size and spacing Species and grade of lumber used
An electrical engineer is designing the lighting system for a multi-story apartment building. Emergency lighting must be included in the design for the egress corridor. Based on the 2018 International Building Code, emergency illumination for a means of egress in any occupancy must endure for how many minutes?
Emergency power must supply a minimum of 90 minutes of illumination in an egress corridor. Refer to Section 1008.3.4 in the 2018 IBC.
An architect is preparing a cost estimate, and adds a percentage for a projected cost increase due to inflation between the time of the current cost estimate and the expected construction start date. What is this percentage called?
Escalation is the percentage added to a cost estimate to account for inflation between the time of the current cost estimate and the expected construction start date.
An architect must coordinate with the landscape architect to verify documentation of site grading. The project is a 3-acre suburban park with several amenities, including a swimming pool, splash pad, extensive gardens with a gazebo, and a large open field. There are also several small buildings, including a restroom and concessions area, a maintenance and equipment shed, and a structure covering some picnic tables. Which of the following pieces of information are contained on the finished grading plan? Check the four that apply.
Existing and proposed contour information, Spot elevations, Property lines, Locations of proposed buildings and structures
A set of plans shows a sidewalk that crosses a wide lawn from the parking lot to a dormitory building. To avoid cracking or movement, the sidewalk must have control joints and expansion joints at regular intervals. The sidewalk is 5 feet wide. In a typical 5-foot-wide concrete sidewalk, what is the distance in feet between expansion joints in the direction of travel?
Expansion joints in a concrete sidewalk are typically 20 feet apart.
A column is supporting a load of 35,000 lbs. A single square concrete footing that is 10" thick supports the load from the column to the soil below. The soil bearing capacity is 2,500 psf. What is the size of the footing in square feet? Use the equation P = F/A where P is pressure, F is force, and A is area.
In order to find the answer, use the equation given. We need to solve for A (area). First, rearrange the equation to solve for A by multiplying both sides of the equation times A and then dividing both sides by P. A = F/P Now, fill in the numbers and solve. A = 35,000 lbs / 2,500 psf A = 14 square feet.
An architect is designing a super-insulated building envelope with the goal of reducing heating and cooling loads. The architect must consider thermal bridging in the systems and details that make up the envelope design. What are the impacts of thermal bridging? Check the three that apply.
Increased condensation risk Increased heat loss Increased mold risk
An independent living facility has 170 units. The main entrance has a vestibule with two sets of double doors. What is the maximum allowable force to open the interior set of doors?
Interior doors shall open with a maximum force of 5 lbs.
Class K Fire Extinguisher
Kitchen Fires
An architect is including a specification for nonstructural metal stud framing in the project manual. In which division does this specification belong?
Non-load-bearing metal framing is located in Section 09 22 00 which is in Division 09 along with finishes.
For a design development submission, the client has asked for the drawings and an update to the specifications. What type of specification is most appropriate for this submission?
Outline specifications define building elements at a basic level. Outline specifications include material descriptions, desired quality level, and proposed product data when known.
An architectural firm's practice has work in apartment, dormitory, and nursing home design. What HVAC system would be appropriate for all three building types?
Packaged terminal units (through-the-wall units) are used in these three building types. They are readily available, easily installed, and initial costs are low. Each room has individual control of temperature.
An architect is designing a small park in an urban setting. Existing abandoned utilities below grade have deposited lead in the soil where play areas and sod-covered park space is being planned. The publicly funded project cannot accommodate the cost of removing and disposing of the abandoned utilities or contaminated soil. Which method of remediation may be appropriate for eliminating contaminants from the soil over time?
Phytoextraction is the practice of absorbing ground contaminants into plant tissue. The plant tissue is routinely harvested and disposed of or incinerated. The nature of the project would facilitate including plantings such as this into the program.
A home is being designed in a southern climate with prevailing winds coming from the north to northwest. The site is open to the north and south and bordered by existing houses on each side. The owner would like to incorporate sustainable principles of passive cooling during the summer months with the creative use of landscaping. However, the owner would also like to preserve a critical view corridor to the southeast of the property. What would be the optimal planting arrangement to achieve the owner's goal of passive cooling?
Plant medium-height deciduous trees on the south to southwest end of the property and cover the southeast facade of the house with deciduous vines
An engineer is designing the sewage piping to connect the plumbing system of a new building to the existing town sewage main. Sanitary sewer drainage lines connected to a building may be made from which types of materials? Check the two that apply.
Plastic and Cast Iron
The architect has written a specification for the acoustical ceilings for all of the plant office and work spaces. In which section of the specification are the quality standards for the acoustical ceilings located?
Quality standards are located under section 1.3 of the specification.
An architect specified a range hood for a new kitchen. The client wants to cut costs and asks why the range hood is necessary. What are the uses of a range hood? Check the four that apply.
Range hoods in kitchens are used to remove water vapor, odors, heat, smoke, and grease.
The quality of the architect's drawings and specifications has an impact on the cost of the work. Which of the following actions would likely raise the cost of the construction project during the creation of the working drawings? Check the three that apply.
Recording inaccurate field measurements, Including details for items that are not applicable to the current project, Including specification sections that are not used in the project
A fast-tracked project has begun construction and the contractor has submitted a substitution request for a critical path item. This substitution would require a revision to the contract documents. What is the next step for the architect after receiving this request from the contractor?
Regardless of the project schedule, the architect needs to thoroughly review the proposed substitution prior to accepting or rejecting it.
A building has been deemed historic by the Department of the Interior, and it requires rehabilitation. Which of the following should be recommended by the architect? Check the three that apply.
Replace damaged windows with more energy-efficient windows that mimic the originals
A building has been deemed historic by the Department of the Interior, and it requires rehabilitation. Which of the following should be recommended by the architect? Check the three that apply.
Replace damaged windows with more energy-efficient windows that mimic the originals Replace missing roof eaves and detail them to match the existing Repair damaged masonry in the least invasive way possible
Which benefits of vegetated roofs are important to consider for this feasibility study? Check the three that apply.
Restores balance to the site Improves energy performance of the building Prolongs the life expectancy of the roof
An architect has been hired to design a new five-story hotel in a suburb of Los Angeles, CA. The project is pursuing LEED certification and has hired a commissioning agent to help achieve that goal. Which of the following are common tasks of a commissioning agent? Check the four that apply.
Review operations and maintenance training programs, Perform design reviews, Witness functional performance testing of equipment, Prepare functional checklists for systems
The typical fee breakdown for a project utilizing BIM would be the following: SD - 20% (275,000 * .20 = 55,000)DD - 40% (275,000 * .40 = 110,000)CDs - 25% (275,000 * .25 = 68,750)CA - 15% (275,000 * .15 = 41,250) The majority of the fee is allocated to the design phases in which the model will be produced. The CD phase should be able to take advantage of a fully developed model in order to produce the technical drawings. The CA phase should have less involvement due to fewer requests for information (RFIs).
STC ratings are given to assemblies that are constructed under ideal conditions. Actual conditions tend to be 5-15 dB less because of leaks and flanking paths.
A large municipality has established a budget for a new library building. Which of the following items belong in the furniture, fixtures, and equipment (FF&E) portion of the budget? Check the two that apply.
Sofas and Computers
An architect is detailing a new post-and-beam structure that utilizes solid lumber and traditional joinery. Which type of shrinkage is most prominent in solid lumber?
Tangential shrinking is the most significant type of shrinkage. It is the type of shrinkage that occurs parallel to the growth rings.
An architect is working with a structural engineer to coordinate slab edge locations for a new commercial building. Which of the following meeting types would be appropriate to discuss this detailed level of coordination?
This is the best venue for detailed discussions among the design team. Usually, a set of drawings is marked up and circulated after the meeting to document decisions that were made.
Following the bidding phase, the owner decides to value engineer the project due to budget overruns. The contractor suggests using vinyl windows instead of the aluminum-clad wood windows that were originally specified. The architect reviews the proposed substitution and accepts it. Six months after the windows are installed, it is determined that their U-value never met the minimum required by code. Which party is at fault?
The architect is responsible for specifying the original quality and allowing the value engineering change.
An architecture firm has established the following standards to better allot time for responding to requests for information (RFIs): Type 1 - Graphic/clarification: addressing graphic inconsistencies or clarifying unclear information (2 hours) Type 2 - Missing information/coordination: changes required to the drawing because of missing or clashing information (4 hours) Type 3 - Code/contract information: changes that were brought about by code or are a result of missing scope items (8 hours) Type 4 - Multi-level changes: changes that affect multiple trades and require coordination from more than two trades (10 hours) Based on the established standards, how many hours should be allotted to a RFI which says that the lighting layout in the reflected ceiling plan (RCP) differs from the electrical lighting plan?
The clashing information between the RCP and the electrical lighting plan will require coordination with the electrical engineer or lighting consultant to resolve, so this may require more time than if a mismatch was in the architectural documents alone. This places the RFI in category "Type 2".
It is estimated that an 18-foot-long steel column having a cross-sectional area of 30.8 square inches will bear an axial live load of 900 kips. Using the formula L=(PxL)/(AxE) where P is the axial load, L is the length in inches, A is the cross-section area in inches, and E is the modulus of elasticity of steel (29,000 kips / sq. in), what will be the change in height of the column?
The column will shorten by the following equation. L = (P x L) / (A x E)whereL= change in length [in]P = 900 kipsL = 18 ft = 18 x 12 in = 216 inA = cross section of thecolumn = 30.8 sq. inE = modulus of elasticity forsteel members = 29,000 kips/ sq. inThus,L = (900 x 216) / (30.8 x 29,000)L = 0.2176 in
While coordinating the footprint of a cabin on the site plan, the civil engineer informs the architect that the current footprint will no longer fit due to the increased size of the sewage disposal system. What feature can be added to reduce the size of the septic drain field?
The constructed wetland can act as a secondary treatment of effluent from septic tanks.
An architect is working on the design of a project with a limited budget. At each phase of the project, the design team will evaluate the scope of work against the budget to ensure that the budget is not exceeded. Which phase is the best time to implement value engineering for maximum cost saving?
The cost savings benefit of implementing value engineering diminishes over the life of a project. Value engineering starts with selecting the right project and the right materials and systems.
An electrical circuit has a voltage supply of 200 Volts and a current of 15 amps. What is the resistance? Round to the nearest whole number.
The current that will flow in a DC circuit is directly proportional to the voltage (V) and inversely proportional to the resistance (R) of the circuit (i.e., Ohm's law).Ohm's law is often written as I = V/R or V = IR. To calculate the resistance, rearrange the equation and solve for R.R = V / IR = 200VI = 15AR = 200V / 15AR = 13.33 OHMSR = 13 OHMS since the question asked to round to the nearest whole number.
A copper roof is installed with galvanized steel fasteners. What is the most likely outcome in this scenario?
The galvanized steel fasteners are the anodic metal in the galvanic couple. The anodic metal has the smaller surface area of the two. Together, this leads to corrosion of the anodic material.
An architect's low voltage consultant has asked where the telecommunications will come into the building. Which space has the architect dedicated for this telecommunications connection? Click the correct space on the image below.
The main distribution frame (MDF) is the location that public/private telecommunications systems come into the building. The MDF connects any intermediate distribution frames (IDF) with the internal network. In this case, that space is in the lower-left-hand corner of the plan.
An architect is using building information modeling (BIM) and is evaluating how to allocate time and resources to each phase. If the architect's total fee is $275,000, how much would typically be allocated to each of the phases below? Using the image below, drag the correct amounts in the box.
The typical fee breakdown for a project utilizing BIM would be the following: SD - 20% (275,000 * .20 = 55,000)DD - 40% (275,000 * .40 = 110,000)CDs - 25% (275,000 * .25 = 68,750)CA - 15% (275,000 * .15 = 41,250) The majority of the fee is allocated to the design phases in which the model will be produced. The CD phase should be able to take advantage of a fully developed model in order to produce the technical drawings. The CA phase should have less involvement due to fewer requests for information (RFIs).
An architect is specifying the light fixtures for a small retail shop. The client is concerned about the color of the light sources. Which of the following determines the color of light?
The wavelength of light determines its color. The visible light spectrum ranges from red (longest wavelength) to violet (shortest wavelength).
The owner has selected a design architect to deliver a design package which will be used to solicit bids from design-build firms. At what point in the schedule would the design-build firm be selected? Using the image below, click the correct phase in the chart.
This delivery method is known as the bridging version of design-build. The implication is that the architect associated with the design-build firm wouldn't be brought on board until after the design development phase. They would develop the CDs and administer the construction.
An architect is preparing the specifications for a new local airport. The architect is reviewing the baggage processing and claim area to determine which components need to be listed in the specifications. In which Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) MasterFormat section should this area be referenced?
To determine the general spec section, refer to the first two numbers in the sequence. Baggage claim equipment is in Division 14 - Conveying Equipment.
At the initial kick-off meeting, the contractor is assuring the owner that there will only be one change order at the end of the project. Which of the following would be a reason for this change order?
To reconcile contract variables such as contingencies, allowances, and unit prices
A warehouse structure will be constructed with concrete masonry unit (CMU) bearing walls and steel bar joist roof framing. The project architect must develop the project specifications to capture all the architectural CSI specifications sections that may be required to depict the materials employed in the design. Which CSI specifications sections are to be included in the project specifications?
Unit Masonry, Hollow Metal Doors and Frames, Painting
Class B fire extinguisher
Used for flammable liquids and gases such as paint, gasoline, oil, and cooking fats
Class A fire extinguisher
Used for wood, paper, cloth, and plastic fires, contains pressurized water
What is the relative humidity if the dry bulb temperature is 80 degrees and the wet bulb temperature is 60 degrees?
Using the psychrometric chart, first locate the 80 degrees dry bulb temperature at the bottom of the chart. Then locate the 60 degrees wet bulb temperature along the curved left boundary of the chart. Find the intersection of these two lines, and then follow the closest relative humidity curve to find the relative humidity.
An architect is reviewing a survey for a proposed multifamily residential building on an urban infill site. After reviewing the survey, the architect confirms with the owner that there is no existing sewer or public utility supply point of entry along the property line. What is the impact that this is likely to have on the project?
Utility companies may not always construct utility lines to each existing site within a municipality. It is dangerous for a third party to manipulate their infrastructure, so the utility company will charge a fee for connecting new service points to their existing utility lines. This is after an owner has built the utility to the point of connection.
An architect would like to maximize control of air quality and air velocity. Which of the following HVAC systems would be best suited for this application? Choose the three that apply.
VAV induction controls air speed separately from temperature, which improves air quality by varying air velocity. Active chilled beams control air speed separately from temperature, which improves air quality by varying air velocity. Fan-powered variable air volume systems control air speed separately from temperature, which improves air quality by varying air velocity.
A structural engineer is designing wood beams for a ski lodge, and needs to calculate the section modulus. Which of the following are used to calculate the section modulus of a piece of lumber? Check the three that apply.
Vertical distance from the centroid to the top of the section The section modulus (S) is calculated using the formula S = I/y, where I is the moment of inertia and y is the distance from the centroid to the top (or bottom). The section modulus is a property of a body's cross-section, and is in part determined by the vertical dimension from the centroid to the top (or bottom, because they are the same).
n architect is designing the egress path for a renovated commercial space in the basement of an existing building. Which of the following are true statements about egress paths that should be confirmed during code analysis? Check the three that apply.
When two exits are required, the distance between them should be equal to not less than 1/2 the maximum diagonal distance of the area served The separation distance is measured to the closest riser The separation distance between two exit doorways is measured from any point within the width of the doorway Window wells for emergency escape that are deeper than 44 inches require a ladder or steps
The design team is comparing the pros and cons of different specification writing methods. Which type of specification consumes the most time during both writing and submittal review?
Writing and reviewing submittals for descriptive specifications is time-consuming because this type of specification is a written description of the characteristics of the product.
An architect has a multi-location contract with a clothing store company. The designs and materials are largely the same, but there are minor modifications specific to each location. The landlord of one indoor mall prohibits ceramic tiles for the front of the store, insisting that all tiles on the front of a store should be natural stone. The architect is concerned about whether the standard mounting detail can be used, considering the difference of weight for the materials. Which of the following is the most appropriate mounting method for large-format natural stone panels?
Z-clips are a type of mechanical fastener that would be sufficient for supporting the extra weight of the stone without greatly increasing cost.
Class C fire extinguisher
a fire extinguisher rated to put out electrical fires.
condenser
cool the refrigerant so that it turns from a gas into a liquid -- or condenses.
An architect is preparing the project manual for a mixed-use building where the specifications are being written as proprietary specifications. What is the defining factor of a proprietary specification?
defined by requiring a specific product and brand to be used for a project.
There is a long run of hot water piping extending vertically through several stories in a high-rise structure. What should be designed into the system to account for thermal expansion?
expansion loop can be designed into a plumbing system to account for thermal expansion.
compressor
forces refrigerant through the system. In the process of being compressed, the cool gaseous refrigerant is turned into a very hot high-pressure vapor.
Evaporator
responsible for cooling the air provided to the space by boiling (evaporating) the refrigerant flowing through it.
An architect is developing an exterior wall and roof detail for a small one-story apartment building. The mechanical engineer prefers to not have to insulate any of the ductwork. In order to accommodate this request, where should the architect place the insulation? Click the correct spot on the image below.
the target should be placed inside the highlighted area By placing the insulation in the rafter, the architect is keeping the ductwork completely inside the thermal envelope. This means the ductwork does not have to be insulated.
Expansion valve
this device is responsible for quickly reducing the pressure of the refrigerant so it can boil more easily in the evaporator.