Pediatric Nutrition FINAL (part 1)

By the end of the first year, infants have increased their weight by approximately:

200%

Breast milk supplies sufficient iron for the infant until approximately __ months of age.

6

Which statement is used by the text to define the term feeding relationship?

A relationship between the infant and caregiver at an eating occasion

Which of the following is NOT a national initiative aimed at improving children's wellness?

Diverse Wellness Administration

Involves placing foods and beverages in serving containers on the table; children serve themselves.

Family-style service

During a health screening, a family tells you that their 5-year-old has not had a well child exam or check-up in years because they don't really see the purpose. What would be the most appropriate response?

Offer support document their concerns, and respectfully inform them that checkups are an important aspect of preventative health care.

Which of the following statements is true regarding conversation at the table during meal times?

Preschoolers should be encouraged to talk and visit during meal times to practice language and cognitive skills

Which of the following is the supplemental food program formal known as the Food Stamp Program?

SNAP

What is the best definition of the contexts that influence a child's well-being?

The environment, circumstances, and interactions that surround the child and affect the child's experiences.

Which of the following is true about children's mental health?

The incidence of mental health problems among young children is at a level of crisis in the United States today

Fat soluble vitamins include:

Vitamin D & E

All of the following are factors that increase the risk of dental decay in childhood EXCEPT

Xylitol found in some sugar-free gums

Protective factors in a child's life include:

a supportive, loving mother and consistently caring and responsible caregivers

A positive approach to learning includes fostering all of the following attributes EXCEPT:

ability to wait for and follow directions

The transport of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract into the body is called:

absorption

The average amount of a nutrient that appears sufficient to maintain a specified criterion

adequate

With regard to the timing of school lunch in primary schools, children who eat lunch:

after recess eat better and waste less food

Vitamins _______

aid in cell division and new cell growth

Determinants of health

all of the above: physical environment, the child's individual characteristics and behaviors, social and economic environment

Mental health:

allows children to effectively cope with adversity

NAEYC's Code of Ethical Conduct and Statement embodies all except:

an articulation of the dispositions, values, beliefs, and attitudes held by professional teachers of young children

Oral hypersensitivity is defined as:

an oral motor condition in which infants are overly aware of foods placed in or near their mouths

A lack of adequate iron in children's diet can lead to _______

anemia

In order to adjust the textures and consistencies of foods for toddler, a teacher should do all of the following EXCEPT:

avoid casseroles

Early childhood professionals should use caution when applying the daily values found on labels to young children because they are:

based on a 'one size fits all' idea

One of the important responsibilities of adults to promote children's healthy eating is:

be a role model

Why is it important to avoid emotional upsets during lunchtime?

because under stress, the body makes less digestive enzymes

Biological determinants of health and illness include all of the following EXCEPT:

being raised in a family living in poverty

For healthy infants the 'window of opportunity' for introducing complementary foods and advancing flavors and textures is:

between 4-6 months of age through 10 months of age

the brain's ability to be flexible and change when new information is learned

brain plasticity

The following statements regarding the benefit of breastfeeding is true EXCEPT:

breastfeeding can protect a child against HIV

Oranges, strawberries, and ______ are good sources of Vitamin C.

broccoli

Scaffolding will help guide the learning process in all of the following ways except:

by focusing on self-discovery learning with little structure

Which of the following is characteristic of an essential nutrient?

cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body

A majority of children's energy needs should be met by the _______ group.

carbohydrate

The most concentrated source of energy is _________

carbohydrates

The following describes the Division of Responsibility in Feeding:

children are responsible for how much they eat and teachers are responsible for when children eat

Which one of the following is an example of a health disparity?

children exposed to cigarette smoke have higher rates of asthma

Which of the following statements about fat is true?

children younger than two years require dietary fat for healthy growth

Each of the following is an essential nutrient EXCEPT:

cholesterol

Illness that is of long duration and requires ongoing evaluation or treatment:

chronic

Children who feel positive about foods and eating, are able to accept a variety of foods, and understand their internal food cues.

competent eaters

Any food or beverage introduced to babies' diets that is in addition to breast milk or formula

complementary foods

It is important for early childhood professionals to encourage playing actively and getting sufficient sleep because:

conditions such as obesity, heart disease, cancer, and mental health problems have their roots in early childhood

The commonly recognized development and learning domains include all of the following except:

coordination development

visual assessment of a child's apparent health conducted upon arrival

daily health checks

The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 provided for all of the following, EXCEPT:

decreasing authority of the USDA, placing food service decisions in the hands of the local school board

The amount of a nutrient below which almost all healthy people can be expected, over time, to experience deficiency symptoms

deficient

The main reason single ingredient foods should be initially introduced to an infant is to:

determine if the infant has an allergic reaction to the food

physical abilities or tasks that most children are able to achieve within a certain age range

developmental milestone

approach that addresses the child's age and maturity, individual characteristics, and context in which the child grows and develops

developmentally appropriate

All the food and beverages a person consumes

diet

the foods and beverages consumed to nourish and support the body and its processes

diet

The process in which complex nutrients are changed into smaller units that can be absorbed and used by the body is:

digestion

A teacher taking advantage of an incidental learning opportunity might do which of the following?

discuss the foods that pets eat to keep healthy when the children notice a dog outside

An iron deficiency impacts learning y doing all of the following EXCEPT:

eliminating the risk for lead poisoning

When feeding babies from a bottle, do all of the following, except:

encourage the infant to continue feeding until all of the formula is gone

Power to perform work; in the human body includes voluntary and involuntary work

energy

Protein catalysts; regulates a chemical reaction without being a part of the reaction

enzymes

interventions and strategies that have been evaluated through research and established as credible and significant toward reaching a desired goal

evidence based practices

Food insecurity refers to children who are insecure about trying new foods. T/F

false

The feeding relationship has little to do with an infant's growth and development T/F

false

Well-child care is only necessary for children with chronic medical conditions. T/F

false

Which of the following statements is true about involving families in wellness curriculum?

families should be recognized as the best resource for sharing information about their culture

Behavior of those who have difficulty consuming adequate nutrition (impaired feeding), those who eat too much (hyperhagia), and those who eat the wrong thing (pica).

feeding disorder

Intervention strategies in the developmental process of eating. Addresses the progression of the physiological, sensory, motor, and behavioral skills needed for successful eating and nourishment of the body.

feeding therapy

Characteristics of a healthy physical environment include all of the following EXCEPT:

food insecurity

The persistent eating by young children of a limited number of favorite foods for a period of time

food jag

Term used to describe fear of new foods

food neophobia

Plant and animal products consumed to provide energy and nutrients to the human body

foods

Results when infants have difficulties and symptoms such as gas, bloating, pain, and diarrhea that appear to be related to a formula they are consuming

formula intolerance

Consuming a wide variety of foods assures that you will _______

get most of the nutrients essential for good health

Proteins serve a number of important functions in the body, including __________

growth an repair of body tissue, regulation of body functions, contributing energy

An early childhood professional might be interested in gluten-free products if he/she is working with a child who:

has celiac disease

Chronic medical conditions:

have a longer duration

Acute medical conditions:

have a short duration

'Oatmeal may reduce the incidence of heart disease' would be an example of a _________

health claim

differences in health outcomes and quality of health and health care experienced by people of different incomes, races, or education levels

health disparities

a summary of child's previous health experiences

health history

evaluations using specific tools to detect potential health problems

health screenings

Aspects of the changing food environment that challenge children's diets include all of the following EXCEPT:

heavier meals cooked from scratch

The red pigment of the red blood cells, carries oxygen to all cells of the body and carries the waste product, carbon dioxide, away from cells to the lungs

hemoglobin

Social determinants of health and illness include all of the following EXCEPT:

hereditary factors

Undernutrition can occur in families who experience all EXCEPT:

high BMI

The first milk produced by the nursing mom is colostrum that is:

high in antibiotics

Special chemical substances produced by endocrine glands that influence and regulate many body functions

hormones

Good food sources for Vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium include:

hot cereal and cream soups with milk instead of water

Which of the following is true about health histories in children?

immunization records should be reviewed

injections that are given to individuals to trigger an immune response and prevent disease if required

immunizations

The Dietary Guidelines emphasizes all of the following for children EXCEPT:

including vitamin supplements to ensure nutritional needs are met

An overweight child should __________.

increase his/her participation in physical activity

All of the following practices should be avoided so children have adequate energy expenditure EXCEPT:

increasing the amount of time during the day devoted to outside play

Readiness skills for introducing semisolid complementary foods includes all of the following EXCEPT:

infants have newly erupting teeth

Which of the following statements about evidence based practice is true?

information guiding wellness curriculum should be founded on research and promoted by reputable agencies

All of the following are related to obesity EXCEPT:

insufficient calorie intake

Purposeful teaching recognizes that learning:

involves making a commitment to use evidence-based approaches

Why is it important for children to learn the healthful practices that lead to wellness during the early childhood years?

it improves children's ability to attain optimal development and establishes the capacity to learn

Which of the following is NOT true about the MyPlate system?

it requires a significant amount of training to use

All of the following can be said about the Choose MyPlate Food Guidance System, EXCEPT:

it shows what to eat but does not make specific recommendations about proportions

Giving a toddler the choice between two healthy fruits is important for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

it teaches the child how to begin making healthful food choices

The measure of potential energy in a food

kilocalories

Why are children who have chronic conditions participating in early childhood settings?

laws provide for the inclusion of children with special health care needs in early childhood settings

Healthy mid-morning snacks can be used in the classroom setting to help children do all of the following, except:

learn better if the food is used as a reward for good participation

Optimal nutrition includes all of the following EXCEPT:

limited amounts of antioxidants

Impoverished children are more likely to experience all of the following EXCEPT:

lower rates of obesity

Prolonged inadequate or excessive intake of nutrients and/or calories required by the body

malnutrition

According to NAEYC recommendations, how often should toddler meals and snacks be offered?

meals and snacks should be at least 2 hours but not more than 3 hours apart

The following statement is TRUE regarding the mealtime and the opportunity to teach children about nutrition:

mealtimes are opportunities to be exposed to healthful meals rich in aromas, tastes, and textures

an identified source of health care

medical home

the ability to achieve developmentally appropriate tasks, having a positive self-esteem, and effectively coping with adversity with respect to self, family and others

mental health

Absorbed nutrients are transported to the different cells within the body and are used to generate energy in a process called:

metabolism

Which of the following is NOT good source of iron?

milk

Children who skip breakfast:

miss out on consuming key vitamins and minerals and are at increased risk of obesity

Which of the following is least likely to help prevent constipation in young children?

more frequent meals and snacks

Which one of these is not an example of a stereotype?

music is an important aspect of learning

Allowing infants to learn about new foods involves all EXCEPT:

not allowing them to waste time playing with food

Chemicals found in foods that are critical to human growth and function

nutrients

The scientific study of food and how food nourishes the body and influences health.

nutrition

encompasses the relationships between the nutrients that are eaten, digested, and absorbed and how they contribute to growth and health

nutrition

'Super Smart Cereal' has 50% less sugar than 'Average Smart Cereal' would be an example of a _________

nutrition claim

How do the healthful benefits of one factor of nutrition, health, or safety affect the outcomes in others?

nutrition, health, and safety are closely aligned and interrelated

Conditions that may occur due to undernutrition include all EXCEPT:

obesity

Sleep apnea is related to which of the following?

obesity

Inappropriate feeding practices include all of the following EXCEPT:

offer AAP approved formula in the place of breast milk

How can a teacher best support a child who is struggling with obesity and food insecurity?

offer nutritious foods and opportunities for physical activity at school and link families to child nutrition programs and community resources that provide emergency food assistance

Feeding the infant according to his/her individual hunger and satiety rhythms.

on-demand feeding

Condition of the body and its functioning, as established through appropriate nutrition, adequate exercise, and sufficient rest.

physical health

School wellness policies must include all of the following EXCEPT

plans for implementing regular recess for all children under age 12

Which of the following is an example of a risk factor for poor health in children?

poor attachment to primary caregiver

Learning the skills that promote wellness at a young age ________

positively affects children's lifelong development

Each of the following statements is true regarding children living in poverty except:

poverty in and of itself does not cause poor health outcomes

During the early years, children's experience with food includes all of the following EXCEPT:

preferring unfamiliar foods and variety

a negative attitude toward an individual based in group membership

prejudice

Which of the following is the best hands-on lesson to teach about healthy foods?

preparing a fruit salad recipe

biological or social aspects that promote health and wellness

protective behaviors

Nutrient groups that yield energy include:

protein, fats, and carbohydrates

Micronutrients:

provide essential nutrients

Hands-on experiential activities:

provide opportunity for children to experience, internalize, and understand all manner of lessons that would not otherwise be available to them

To increase the likelihood that wellness concepts taught at school are reinforced at home, teachers should do all of the following EXCEPT:

question children about what they do at home and then speak with the parents when changes need to occur

Based on research that looked at the role of Vitamin D in health, which of the following statements is true regarding new dietary recommendations for Vitamin D?

recommendations have doubled for infants, children, and adolescents

Experience and learning change the 'architecture' of the brain by:

reinforcing the neural connections that are used and pruning those that are not used

The lowest continuing intake of a nutrient that will maintain a specified criterion of adequacy

requirement

Division of responsibility in feeding includes all of the following EXCEPT:

requiring children to take at least one bite

biological or social aspects of health that increase risk of illness or disease

risk factors

keeping children from harm; practices that reduce the likelihood of unintentional injury

safety

the process of structuring learning experiences around existing knowledge and offering challenges that is just beyond the child's current level of understanding and ability

scaffolding

Children who make very limited food choices

selective eaters

Failure to thrive can be related to all of the following EXCEPT:

standards of the WIC program

the labeling of others based on certain characteristics such as racal or ethnic heritage, age, gender, or socioeconomic background

stereotyping

A teacher who uses lessons that focus on integrating healthy eating and physical activity with math and language arts is doing which of the following?

supporting an integrated approach to learning

Research shows that within hours of birth infants prefer ______ taste.

sweet

Which of the following is not true about health evaluations?

teachers do not necessarily make accommodations based on a child's health status

Which of the following statements about food practices in the school and family culture is not true?

teachers should explain to families that their cultures may not be providing the best nutrition, but that the school will provide what is best for the children

In addition to the National School Lunch Program and the School Breakfast Program, the USDA provides a variety of additional programs to support the nutritional health and wellness of school-age children such as:

the Healthier US School challenge program and the Let's Move Initiative

Children should receive whole milk until age two for all of the following reason EXCEPT:

the added protein content helps with developing bones

When preparing to teach in a multicultural classroom, educators should consider all of the following EXCEPT:

the likelihood of being assigned to teach in a multicultural classroom is low

With regard to sugar, researchers have found which of the following to be true?

there is no link between hyperactivity and sugar intake in the general population

It is important for caregivers to choose foods that match children's ability to chew because:

this reduces the risk of choking

Which of the following statements best describes toddler appetites compared to infant appetites?

toddler appetites become more sporadic compared to infant appetites

The following statement is TRUE about toddlers.

toddlers' appetite will change from day to day

Some vitamins and minerals are toxic in large amounts, suggesting that _________

too much can be harmful

Children become overweight or obese because they consume:

too much energy from foods

Calcium is essential for _______

tooth and bone formation

A state of being poisonous

toxicity

All persons throughout life have need for the same nutrients, but in varying amounts. T/F

true

Developmental skills should be linked to feeding. T/F

true

Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods into smaller nutrient components, making the nutrients available for absorption. T/F

true

Due to their culture, some children may not use utensils when eating. T/F

true

Healthy People 2015 is an agenda that emphasizes health promotion and disease prevention across the United States by identifying goals and objectives to reach as a nation by 2020. T/F

true

Holding, talking, and smiling at babies while they eat helps babies learn. T/F

true

If iron deficiency continues for more than 3 to 6 months while the brain is developing, irreversible impairment may occur. T/F

true

One way teachers can ensure that children receive the most nutrition from their foods is to create an environment that enhances and supports the natural rhythms of eating. T/F

true

Phytochemicals are natural chemical compounds found in plants that may protect against disease. T/F

true

Teachers should make efforts to understand different cultural feeding practices. T/F

true

Teaching children about health-care checkups is a good way to help them feel comfortable about visiting a health care provider. T/F

true

The DRIs (Dietary Reference Intake) are a set of nutritional reference values for the United States and Canada that apply to healthy people. T/F

true

The US Department of Agriculture and the US Department of Health and Human Services developed a set of principles known as the Dietary Guidelines for Americans to assist Americans in designing a healthful diet and lifestyle. T/F

true

The small intestine is designed to absorb as many nutrients as possible. T/F

true

Using hands-on activities is an appropriate teaching practice for presenting nutrition concepts to all children, with special consideration given to those who are English language learners. T/F

true

When children learn behaviors that encourage a healthy lifestyle at an early age, they are more likely to practice these behaviors throughout their lives. T/F

true

Which of the following is the best example of a food choice that contains a mixture of macronutrients?

tuna salad sandwiches

Children need whole milk until age:

two

A situation where too little energy or too few nutrients are consumed over time, causing significant weight loss or nutrient-deficiency disease

undernutrition

A child who has iron deficiency anemia due to insufficient iron intake and obesity due to too many calories in the diet is facing risks for:

undernutrition and overnutrition

All infants who are breast-fed must receive supplements for which of the following?

vitamin D

Nutrient groups that regulate body functions include:

vitamins, minerals, proteins and water

Each of the following are macronutrients EXCEPT:

water

Nutrient necessary for transporting nutrients and oxygen in the blood, is a factor in all chemical reactions in the body, regulates body temperature, and helps to remove waste products from the body.

water

The nutrient present in the largest amount (by weight) in an infant's body is _________.

water

health care visits provided for children to ensure that health and development are progressing normally

well-child checkups