Pediatrics Week 2

CH28 The nurse is planning a diet for a 30-kg school-age child. How many calories should the nurse include in the daily menu? A. 1,400 B. 1,750 C. 2,100 D. 2,450

2,100 A 30-kg school-age child should consume 2,100 calories/day. Rational: The school-age child should consume 70 calories/kg daily (70 calories × 30 kg = 2,100 calories).

CH33 The nurse observes that a hospitalized 5-year-old child shows signs of distress when her mother leaves to get a cup of coffee. This child is experiencing the condition known as regression. True or False?

False Separation of children from their homes, families, friends, and what is familiar to them may result in separation anxiety. Regression refers to a return to a previous stage of development due to anxiety.

CH35 The safe dose of a medication is 10 to 20 mg/kg. What would the nurse calculate as the low safe dose for a child who weighs 40 kg? A. 100 mg B. 200 mg C. 300 mg D. 400 mg

400 mg 400 mg is the low safe dose for a child who weighs 40 kg if the safe dose of a medication is 10 to 20 mg/kg. To calculate the low safe dose use the following proportion: 10 mg/1 kg = x mg/40 kg Solve for x by cross-multiplying 1 × x = 10 × 40 x = 400 mg

CH29 Suicide is the third leading cause of death in adolescents 15 to 19 years of age. True or False?

True In a nationwide CDC study, 15% of adolescents surveyed reported that they had seriously considered suicide within the past 12 months, with 11% creating a plan and 7% attempting to take their own life (CDC, 2014a).

CH35 The nurse crushing a tablet to administer it to a child should mix the medication with the child's formula. True or False?

False The nurse crushing a tablet to administer it to a child should not mix the medication with the child's formula.The crushed tablet or inside of a capsule may taste bitter, so it should never be mixed with formula or other essential foods. Otherwise, the child may associate the bitter taste with the food and later refuse to eat it. It could be mixed with a small amount of applesauce or other nonessential food.

CH28 The school-age child's peer group values usually dominate when parental and peer group values come into conflict. True or False?

False The school-age child's family values usually dominate when parental and peer group values come into conflict.Although the peer group is influential, the family's values usually predominate when parental and peer group values come into conflict. Even though the school-age child may question the parents' values, the child will usually incorporate the values from parents into his or her values.

CH27 The nurse is assessing a 4-year-old for gross motor skill development. Which would the nurse expect this preschooler to have accomplished? A. Hopping on one foot B. Standing on one foot for 10 seconds C. Skipping D. Swimming

Hopping on one foot The 4-year-old should be able to hop on one foot. At age 4, the preschooler hops on one foot and stands on one foot up to 5 seconds. At 5 years old the preschooler stands on one foot for 10 seconds, may skip, and may learn to skate and swim.

CH35 The nurse assessing the veins of a 5-month-old infant for peripheral IV therapy correctly chooses the baby's foot. True or False?

True The nurse assessing the veins of a 5-month-old infant for peripheral IV therapy correctly chooses the baby's foot.Peripheral IV therapy sites commonly include the hands, feet, and forearms. In infants up to about the age of 9 months, the scalp veins may be used. However, use of the scalp veins can be frightening to parents who may think the fluid is infusing into the infant's brain. Thus, scalp veins are usually used only if attempts at other sites have been unsuccessful.

CH34 The nurse is correct in assuming that the parents become the experts in the care of their child with special needs. True or False?

True The parents become the experts in the care of their child with special needs.Parents become the experts on their child's needs and care and they should be recognized as such. Parents want to be taken seriously and do not like being ignored. They should be viewed as having reliable and valuable information about their children.

CH33 In which of the following phases of child hospital care would the nurse use the child's favorite toys to establish rapport? A. introduction B. building a trusting relationship C. decision-making phase D. providing comfort and reassurance

building a trusting relationship The nurse would use the child's favorite toys to establish rapport in building a trusting relationship phase of nursing care. The initial phase involves collecting information to form the basis of the trusting relationship. The decision-making phase involves allowing the children to help make decisions about their health care plan. Providing comfort and reassurance refers to using techniques to reinforce the trusting relationship, such as praising the child.

CH27 The nurse is assessing a 5-year-old child for signs of developmental delay. Which would alert the nurse to a potential problem? A. the child can build a tower of six blocks B. the child does not play with other children C. the child engages in fantasy play D. the child separates from parent easily

the child does not play with other children This is a sign of a potential developmental delay. Signs of developmental delay in preschool-aged children include not playing with other children, not being able to build a block tower of six to eight blocks, not engaging in fantasy play, and not separating from the parent without major protest.

CH35 The nurse is administering amoxicillin orally to an infant with a bacterial infection. Which of the following developmental factors might affect the absorption of this medication? A. slower gastric emptying B. vasomotor instability C. decreased perfusion D. greater body surface area

slower gastric emptying Slower gastric emptying might affect the absorption of amoxicillin. Slower gastric emptying might affect the absorption of amoxicillin since it is being given orally. Vasomotor instability might affect intramuscular absorption of medication. Decreased perfusion alters subcutaneous administration of medication and may decrease absorption. Greater body surface area may increase the effect of topical administration of medication.

CH29 The nurse is assessing the cognitive development of an adolescent. Which of the following statements accurately represents a normal finding at this stage? A. the adolescent progresses from an abstract to a concrete framework of thinking B. the adolescent develops the ability to think outside the present C. all adolescents achieve formal operational reasoning at the same time D. adolescent thinking starts out very introspective and then becomes egocentric

the adolescent develops the ability to think outside the present According to Piaget, the adolescent progresses from a concrete framework of thinking to an abstract one. During this period, the adolescent develops the ability to think outside of the present; that is, he or she can incorporate into thinking concepts that do exist as well as concepts that might exist. Not all adolescents achieve formal operational reasoning at the same time. Adolescent thinking starts out egocentric and then becomes very introspective and idealistic.