Peds Exam 2 Review/Prep U

The nurse is educating parents of a child admitted to the hospital with rubella (German measles). Which statement by the parents indicates the further education is needed? A. "Antibiotics are needed to help our child recover from rubella." B. "Family members should wear a mask when coming to visit us." C. "Our child is contagious for 1 week after the rash appeared." D. "Acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be given to help with pain."

A. "Antibiotics are needed to help our child recover from rubella." - It's a viral infection, antibiotics are not given

Coarctation of the aorta demonstrates few symptoms in newborns. What is an important assessment to make on all newborns to help reveal this condition? A. Assessing for the presence of femoral pulses B. Recording an upper extremity blood pressure C. Auscultating for a cardiac murmur D. Observing for excessive crying

A. Assessing for the presence of femoral pulses - pulses will be weak or absent in lower extremities

The nurse is caring for child who present to the emergency department with reports of a fever for 5 days. The nurse notes a diffuse maculopapular rash, reddened cracked lips, erythema of hands, and bilateral conjunctivitis and suspects Kawasaki disease. Which nursing action is priority? A. Initiate intravenous access. B. Place the child on a soft diet. C. Administer acetaminophen. D. Assess cervical lymph nodes.

A. Initiate intravenous access - risk for dehydration due to prolonged fever and oral pain

The nurse is caring for a 7-year-old boy who has just had a tonsillectomy. Which intervention is least appropriate for this child? A. Providing fluids by straw B. Applying an ice collar C. Placing the child on his side D. Discouraging the child from coughing

A. Providing fluids by straw - this can cause trauma to surgical site & should be avoided

Parents are told that their infant has a heart defect with a left-to-right shunt. What is the best way for the nurse to explain this type of shunting to the parents? A. This type of shunting causes an increase of blood to the lungs. B. This type of shunting causes a decrease of blood to the lungs. C. This type of shunting causes an increase of blood to the systemic circulation. D. This type of shunting causes a decrease of blood to the brain.

A. This type of shunting causes an increase of blood to the lungs

When educating the family of an infant with a small, asymptomatic atrial septal defect (ASD), what information would be included in the education? A. "The medication indomethacin is used to try to close the hole." B. "Most infants do not need surgical repair for this." C. "The medication prostaglandin E1 is used to try to close the hole." D. "Surgery is usually performed in the first two months of life for this."

B. "Most infants do not seen surgical repair for this." - unless they are symptomatic. The hole closes 87% of the time.

The nurse is caring for an 18-month-old client with suspected iron-deficiency anemia. The nurse will expect to prepare the client for which laboratory tests first? A. iron and thrombocyte levels B. complete blood count and iron level C. ferritin and glycosylated hemoglobin levels D. hemoglobin and white blood cell levels

B. CBC and iron level

The nurse is planning care for a child with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Which client education should be included? A. What foods are high in folic acid B. Not to pick or irritate the nose C. To use mainly cold water to wash D. To apply a soothing cream to lesions

B. Not to pick or irritate the nose - bleeding can occur

A 2-year-old toddler is seen for acute laryngotracheobronchitis. What observation would lead the nurse to suspect airway occlusion? A. The toddler states being tired and wanting to sleep B. The respiratory rate is gradually increasing C. The cough is becoming harsher D. The nasal discharge is increasing

B. The respiratory rate is gradually increasing - the toddler is breathing faster because less air is receiving with each breath.

An 11-year-old girl arrives at the doctor's office with fever, a sore throat, chills, and malaise. A throat culture indicates scarlet fever. Which other symptom should the nurse notice in this client that clearly indicates scarlet fever? A. There is pain along the jawline just in front of the ear lobe B. The tongue has a white or red "strawberry" appearance C. Fever blisters on the lips D. Vesicles that become purulent, ooze, and form honey-colored crusts

B. The tongue has a white or red "strawberry" appearance

Which nursing diagnosis would best apply to a child with rheumatic fever? A. Risk for self-directed violence related to development of cerebral anoxia B. Ineffective breathing pattern related to cardiomegaly C. Activity intolerance related to inability of heart to sustain extra workload D. Disturbed sleep pattern related to hyperexcitability

C. Activity intolerance related to inability of heart to sustain extra workload

The child is prescribed liquid ferrous sulfate. The nurse should encourage the child to take which action immediately after each dose to best eliminate possible side effects? A. Remain in an upright position for at least 15 minutes B. Not eat or drink for one hour C. Brush his or her teeth D. Drink a glass of milk

C. Brush his or her teeth - to prevent staining of the teeth

The nurse notices that a child is spitting up small amounts of blood in the immediate postoperative period after a tonsillectomy. What would be the best intervention? A. Suction the back of the throat. B. Notify the health care immediately. C. Continue to assess for bleeding. D. Encourage the child to cough.

C. Continue to assess for bleeding - small mount of blood mixed with saliva is common during post op

A 7-year-old child with an earache comes to the clinic. The child's parent reports that 1 day ago the child had a fever and headache and did not want to play. When the nurse asks where it hurts, the child points to the jawline in front of the earlobe. What does the nurse expect the diagnosis will be for this child? A. Fifth disease B. Measles C. Mumps D. Mononucleosis

C. Mumps

The nurse is mentoring a new graduate who is completing a respiratory assessment on a client with suspected epiglottitis. Which action by the new graduate would require clarification? A. Parenteral antibiotic administration B. Humidified air C. Continuous pulse oximetry D. Assessment of the nasopharynx

D. Assessment of the nasopharynx - may initiate gag reflex and complete obstruction may occur

A child is brought to the clinic with fever, cough, and coryza. The nurse inspects the child's mouth and observes what look like tiny grains of white sand with red rings. How would the nurse document these findings? A. Nits B. Lymphadenopathy C. Slapped cheek appearance D. Koplik spots

D. Koplik spots

The health care provider suspects an infant may have a ventricular septal defect. The parents ask the nurse what diagnostic tests the infant will need to have to determine this diagnosis. For what test(s) should the nurse provide education to the family? Select all that apply. A. echocardiogram B. cardiac catheterization C. stress test D. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) E. computed tomography (CT)

A. Echocardiogram B. Cardiac catheterization D. MRI

A nurse admits an infant with a possible diagnosis of congestive heart failure. Which signs or symptoms would the infant most likely be exhibiting? A. Feeding problems B. Bradypnea C. Bradycardia D. Yellowish color

A. Feeding problems

A 12-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of sickle cell crisis. The nurse has completed an assessment and is creating a plan of care. What aspect of the plan of care is most important to the client's outcome? A. increasing the daily fluid intake B. age-appropriate distractions as a pain-relief strategy C. analgesics administered on a set schedule instead of as needed D. maintain the hemoglobin level at 10 g/dL (100 g/L)

A. Increasing the daily fluid intake

After teaching nursing students about childhood exanthems, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify what as the primary cause? A. Bacteria B. Viruses C. Parasites D. Fungi

B. Viruses

After teaching a class to a group of nursing students about reporting infectious diseases to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the instructor determines a need for additional discussion when the students identify which infection as being reportable: A. Lyme disease B. pinworm C. pertussis D. gonorrhea

B. pinworm

The most common complication of varicella is: A. scarring. B. secondary bacterial infections. C. encephalitis. D. pneumonia.

B. secondary bacterial infection - due to itching

What is a true statement regarding varicella zoster virus infection? A. It is transmitted by fecal-oral route. B. The incubation period is 7 days. C. Secondary bacterial infections of the skin can occur. D. It tends to be more severe in children.

C. Secondary bacterial infections of the skin can occur

An 8-month-old infant has a ventricular septal defect. Which nursing diagnosis would best apply? A. Impaired skin integrity related to poor peripheral circulation B. Impaired gas exchange related to a right-to-left shunt C. Ineffective airway clearance related to altered pulmonary status D. Ineffective tissue perfusion related to inefficiency of the heart as a pump

D. Ineffective tissue perfusion related to inefficiency of the heart as a pump

Which electrolyte does the client with cystic fibrosis need in abundance? A. Magnesium B. Chlorine C. Potassium D. Sodium

D. Sodium - dietary intake is encourage due to increased sodium loss

A nurse is assessing a neonate with sepsis. The nurse understands that most commonly the cause involves: A. protozoa. B. enterovirus. C. herpes virus. D. bacteria.

D. bacteria

A child is diagnosed with group A streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse would teach the parents to be alert for signs and symptoms of: A. osteomyelitis. B. pneumonia. C. impetigo. D. scarlet fever.

D. scarlet fever