Peds Final
The nurse is evaluating a 7-month olds infants cognitive development. Which behaviors should the nurse anticipate evaluating? a. imitates sounds b. shows interest in a mirror image c. comprehends simple commands d. actively searches for a hidden object e. attracts attention by other methods then crying
A,B,E
In terms of cognitive development the 5-year-old child would be expected to: a. Use magical thinking. b. Think abstractly. c. Understand conservation of matter. d. Be unable to comprehend another person's perspective
A. Magical thinking
Piaget magical thinking is the belief? A. Thoughts are all powerful B. God is an imaginary friend C. Events have cause and effect D. Of the skin is broken the insides will come out
A. Thoughts are all powerful
A parent asks the nurse, When will I know if my child is ready for toilet training? The nurse should what in the response? a. the child should be able to stay dry for one hour b. the child should be able to sit, walk, and squat c. the child should have regular bowel movements d. the child should express willingness to please
B,C,D
During the 2 month well child checkup, the nurse expects the infant to respond to sound in which manner? a. respond to name b. react to loud noise with moro reflex c. turn his or her head to side when sound is at ear level d.locate sound by turning his or her head in a curving arc
C
The nurse is teaching a parent of an 18 month old about developmental milestones associated with feeding. What should the nurse include in the teaching? a. the child will begin to use the fork b. the child will be able to use a straw and cup c. the child will be able to hold a cup with both hands d. the child will be able to drink from a cup with a lid e. the child will begin to use a spoon but may turn it before reaching the mouth
C,D,E
A couple has given birth to their first child, a boy with a recessive disorder. The genetic counselor tells them that the risk of recurrence is one in four. Which statement is a correct interpretation of this information? a. the risk factor remains the same for each pregnancy b. the risk factor will change when they have a second chid c. because the parents have one affected child, the next 3 should be unaffected d. because the parents have one affected child, the next child is four times more likely to be affected
a
Which birth defect or disorder that occurs as a new case in a family and is not inherited? a. sporadic b. polygenic c. monosomy d. association
a
A nurse has administered epinephrine to a 12 month old infant, which adverse reaction should the nurse monitor? (SATA) a. nausea b. tremors c. irritability d. bradycardia e. hypotension
a,b,c
The nurse is preparing a staff education program about growth and development of 18 month old toddler, which characteristics should the nurse include in the staff education program? a. eats well with a spoon and cup b. runs clumsily and can walk up stairs c. points to common objects d. builds a tower of three or four blocks e. has a vocabulary of 300 words f. dresses self in simple clothes
a,b,c,d,
The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to parents of a 4 month old infant on preventing an aspiration injury. What should the nurse include in the teaching? (SATA) a. keep baby powder out of reach b. inspect toys for removable parts c. allow the infant to take a bottle to bed d. teething biscuits can be used for teething discomfort e. the infant should not be fed hard candy, nuts, or food with puts
a,b,e
The nurse is planning care for an infant with eczema. Which interventions should the nurse include in the care plan? (SATA) a. avoid giving the infant a bubble bath b. avoid use of humidifier c. avoid overdressing the infant d. avoid use of topical steroids e. avoid wet compresses on the infants skn
a,c
The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parents of a 1 month old infant on preventing a suffocation injury, which should the nurse include in the teaching? a. do not place pillows in the infants crib b. crib slats should be 4 inches or less apart c. keep all plastic bags stores out of the infants reach d. plastic over the mattress is acceptable i fit is covered with a sheet e. a pacifier should not be tied on a string around the infants neck
a,c,e ( also try to get a firm mattress)
A breastfed infant is being seen in the clinic for a 6 month checkup. The mother tells the nurse that the infant recently began to suck her thumb. Which is the best nursing intervention? a. reassure the mother that this is normal at this age. b. recommend the mother substitute a pacifier c. assess the infant for other signs of sensory deprivation d. suggest the mother breastfeed the infant more often to satisfy her sucking needs
a.
A toddler, age 16 months, falls down a few stairs. He gets up and scolds the stairs as if they caused him to fall. What is this an example of? a. animism b. ritualism c. irreversibility d. delayed cognitive development
a.
An infant has been diagnosed with an allergy to milk. In teaching the parent how to meet the infants nutritional needs, the nurse states that? a. most children will grow out of the allergy b. all dairy products must be eliminated from the child's diet c. it is important to have the entire family follow the special diet d. antihistamines can be used so the child can have milk products
a.
At a well-child check up, the nurse notes that the infant with a previous diagnosis of failure to thrive is now steadily gaining weight. The nurse should recommend that fruit juice intake to be limited to no more than how much per day? a. 4 oz b. 6 oz c.8 oz d. 12 oz
a.
Lactose intolerance is diagnosed in an 11 month old-infant. What should the nurse recommend as a milk substitute? a. yogurt b. icecream c. fortified cereal d. cows milk formula
a.
Parent asks the nurse about the characteristics of autosomal recessive inheritance. Which is a characteristic of autosomal recessive inheritance? a. affected individuals have unaffected parents b. affected individuals have one affected parent c. affected parents have a 50% chance of having an affected child d. affected parents will have unaffected children
a.
Parents tell the nurse that their toddler eats little at meal time, only sits at the table with family briefly, and wants snacks all the time. What should the nurse recommended? a. give her nutritious snacks b. offer rewards for eating at mealtimes c. avoid snacks so she is hungry at mealtimes d. explain to her in a firm manner what is expected of her
a.
The inheritance of which is X-linked recessive? a. hemophilia A b. marfan syndrome c. neurofibromatosis d. fragile x-syndrome
a.
The nurse is discussing with a parent group the importance of fluoride for healthy teeth. What should the nurse recommended? a. determine whether the water supply is fluoridated b. use fluoridated mouth rinses in children older than 1 year c. give fluoride supplements to infants beginning at age 2 months d. brush teeth with fluoridated toothpaste unless the fluoride content of water supply is adequate
a.
The nurse is planning care for a hospitalized toddler. What is the rationale for planning to continue the toddlers rituals while hospitalized? a. to provide security b. to prevent regression c. to prevent dependency d. to decease negativism
a.
The parents of a 3 month old infant report that their infant sleeps supine but is often prone while awake. The nurses response should be based on remembering what? a. this is acceptable and encourage head control and turning over b. this is acceptable to encourage c. this is unacceptable because of the risk of SIDS d. this is unacceptable because it does not encourage achievement of developmental milestones
a.
Turner syndrome is suspected in an adolescent girl with short stature. What causes this? a. absence of one X chromosome b. presence of an incomplete Y chromosome c. precocious puberty in an otherwise healthy child d. excess production of both androgens and estrogens
a.
What is an appropriate play activity for a 7 month old infant to encourage visual stimulation? a. playing peek-a boo b. playing pat a cake c. imitating animal sounds d. showing how to clap hands
a.
Which factors will decrease iron absorption and should not be given at the same time as an iron supplement a. milk b. fruit juice c. multivitamin d. meat
a.
the mother of a 3- month old breastfed infant asks bout giving her baby water because it is summer and very warm. What should the nurse tell her? a. fluids in addition to breast milk are not needed b. water should be given if the infant seems to nurse longer than usual c. clear juices are better than water to promote adequate fluid intake d. water once or twice a day will make up for losses resulting from environmental temperature
a.
What may a clinical manifestation of FTT in a 13 month old include? a. irregularity in activities of daily living b. preferring solid food to milk or formula c. weight that is at or below the 10th percentile d. appropriate achievement of developmental landmarks
a. (weight below 5th percentile is sign of FTT)
A woman aged 43 years is 6 weeks pregnant, it is important that she be informed of which? a. the need for therapeutic abortion b. increased risk for down syndrome c. increased risk for turner syndrome d. the need for immediate amniocentesis
b
The clinic nurse is teaching parents about physiologic anemia that occurs in infants. What statement should the nurse include about the cause of physiologic anemia? a. maternally derived iron stores are depleted in the first 2 months b. fetal hemoglobin results in shortened survival of red blood cells c. the production of adult hemoglobin decreases in the first year of life. d. low levels of fetal hemoglobin depress the production of erythropoietin.
b
What statement is correct about toilet training? a. bladder training is usually accomplished before bowel training b. wanting to please the parent helps motivate the child to use the toilet c. watching older siblings use the toilet confuses the child d. children must be forced to sit on the toilet when first learning
b
A 12 month old infant with failure to thrive, which assessment findings does the nurse expect to be documented with this infant? a. fear of strangers b. minimal smiling c. avoidance of eye contact d. meeting developmental milestones e. wide-eyes gaze and continual scan of the environment
b,c,e
After the back to sleep campaign, an increased incidence has been noted of which issue? a. SIDS b. plagiocephaly c. FTT d. apnea
b.
At which age should the nurse expect an infant to start smiling in response to stimuli? a. 1 month b. 2 months c. 3 months d. 4 months
b.
Parents are switching their toddler, who has met the weight requirement, from a rear-facing car seat to a forward-facing seat. The nurse should recommend the parents place the seat where in the car? a. in the front passenger seat b. in the middle of the rear seat c. in the rear seat behind the diver d. in the rear seat behind the passenger
b.
The mother of a 6 month old infant has returned to work and is expressing breast milk to be frozen, she asks for directions on how to safely thaw the breast milk in the microwave, what should the nurse recommend? a. heat only 10 oz or more b. do not thaw or heat breast milk c. always leave the bottle top uncovered d. shake the bottle vigorously for 30 seconds after heating
b.
The nurse is assessing a neonate who was born 1 hour ago to healthy white parents in their early 40's, which finding is most suggestive of down syndrome? a. hypertonia b. low-set ears c. micrognathia d. long, thin fingers and toes
b.
The nurse is assessing a toddler visual acuity. Which visual acuity is considered acceptable during the toddler years a. 20/20 b. 20/40 c. 20/50 d. 20/60
b.
The nurse is discussing developmental and play activities with the parent of a 2 months old boy. Which statement by the parent would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching? a. i can give my baby a ball of yarn to pull apart b. i can use a music box and soft mobiles c. i should introduce a cup or spoon for my baby d. i do not have to worry about play activities at this age
b.
The nurse is discussing the management of atopic dermatitis with a parent. What should be included? a. dress infant warmly to prevent chilling b. keep the infants fingernails and toenails cut short and clean c. give bubble baths instead of washing lesions with soap d. launder clothes in mild detergent; use fabric softener in the rinse
b.
The nurse understands that which guideline should be followed to determine serving sizes for toddlers? a. 1/2 tbsp of solid food per year of age b. 1 tbsp of solid per year of age c. 2 tbsp of solid food per year of age d. 2 1/2 tbsp of solid food per year of age
b.
The parents of 2 month old boy are concerned about spoiling their son by picking him up when he cries. What is the nurses best response? a. allow him to cry for no longer than 15 minutes then pick him up b. babies need comforting and cuddling. Meeting these needs will not spoil him c. babies this young cry when they are hungry, try feeding him when he cries d. if he isn't soiled or wet, leave him and he will cry himself to sleep
b.
What is the best age to introduce solid food into an infants diet? a. 2 to3 months b. 4 to 6 months c. when the birth weight has tripled d. when tooth eruption has started
b.
Which abnormality is a common sex chromosome defect? a. down syndrome b. turner syndrome c. marfan syndrome d. hemophilia
b.
Which genetic term refers to a person who possess one copy of an affected gene and one copy of an unaffected gene and is clinically unaffected? a. allele b. carrier c. pedigree d. multifactorial
b.
Which is a characteristic of X-linked recessive inheritance? a. there are no carriers b. affected individuals are principally males c. affected individuals are principally females d. affected individuals will always have affected parents
b.
Which one of the following strategies might be recommended for an infant with FTT to increase caloric intake? a. vary the schedule for routine activities on a daily basis b. be persistent through 10 to 15 minutes of food refusal c. avoid solids until after the bottle is well accepted d. use developmental stimulation by a specialist during feedings
b.
A hospitalized school-age child with PKU, is choosing foods from the hospital. Which food choice should the nurse discourage the child from choosing? a. banana b. milkshake c. fruit juice d. corn on the cob
b. (dairy products should be eliminated)
An infant weighed 8lb at birth and was 18 inches in length, what weight and length should the infant be at 5 months? a. 12 lb, 20 inches b. 14 lb, 21.5 inches c. 16 lb, 23 inches d. 18lb, 24.5 inches
c
At what age is it safe to give infants whole milk instead of commercial infant formula? a. 6 months b. 9 months c. 12 months d. 18 months
c
At which age can infants sit steadily unsupported? a. 4 months b. 6 months c. 8 months d. 12 months
c
What age do infants fear strangers? a. 2 months b. 4 months c. 6 months d. 12 months
c
What developmental characteristic does not occur until a child reaches 2 1/2 years? a. birth weight has doubled b. anterior fontanel is still open c.primary dentition is complete d. binocularity may
c
What is a characteristic of a toddlers language development at age 18 months? a. vocabulary of 25 words b. use of holophrases c. increasing level of understanding d. approximately one third of speech understandable
c
What are risk factors of SIDS a. postterm b. female gender c. low apgar scores d. recent viral illness e. native american infants
c,d,e
What child behavior indicates to the nurse that temper tantrums have become a problem (SATA) a. the child is 2 to 3 years old b. tantrums occur at bedtime c. tantrums occur past 5 years of age d. tantrums last longer than 15 minutes e. tantrums occur more than 5 x a day
c,d,e
A 1 year old child is a pure vegetarian (vegan) diet. This diet requires supplementation with what? a. niacin b. folic acid c. vitamins D and B12 d. vitamin C and E
c.
A 17 month old child should be expected to be in which stage, according to piaget? a. pre-operations b. concrete operations c. tertiary circular reactions d. secondary circular reactions
c.
A father with an X-linked recessive disorder asks the nurse what the probability is that his sons will have the disorder. Which response should the nurse make? a. male children will be carriers b. all male children will be affected c. none of these sons will have this disorder d. it cannot be determined without more data
c.
A new parent asks the nurse, how can diaper rash be prevented? What should the nurse recommend? a. wash the infant with soap before applying a thin layer of oil b. clean the infant with soap and water every time diaper is changed c. wipe stool from the skin using water and mild cleanser d. when changing the diaper, wipe the buttocks with oil and powder the creases
c.
At which age does an infant start to recognize familiar faces and objects, such as his or her own hand? a. 1 month b. 2 months c. 3 months d. 4 months
c.
At which age should the nurse expect most infants to begin to say mama and dada with meaning? a. 4 months b, 6 months c. 10 months d. 14 months
c.
By which age should the nurse expect that an infant will be able to pull to a standing position? a. 5 to 6 months b. 7 to 8 months c.11 to 12 months d. 14 to 15 months
c.
Parents ask the nurse about the characteristics of autosomal dominant inheritance. Which statement is a characteristic of autosomal dominant inheritance? a. females are affected with greater frequency then males b. unaffected children of affected individuals with have affected children c. each child of a heterozygous parent has a 50% chance of being affected
c.
Parents ask the nurse, how should we deal with our toddler regression since our new baby has come home? The nurse should give the parents which response? a. introduce new areas of learning b. use time-out as punishment when regression occurs c. ignore the behavior and praise appropriate behavior d. explain to the toddler that the behavior is not acceptable
c.
The nurse is examining an infant, 10 months, who is brought for persistent diaper rash. The nurse finds the perianal inflammation with satellite lesions. What is the cause? a. impetigo b. urine and feces c. candida albicans infection d. infrequent diapering
c.
The nurse is performing an assessment on a 12 month old infant. Which fine or gross motor developmental skill demonstrates the proximodistal acquisition of skills a. standing b. sitting without assistance c. fully developed pincer grasp d. taking a few steps holding onto something
c.
The nurse is teaching student nurses about newborn screening. Which statement by the student indicates understanding of teaching? a. the newborn screening is not mandatory but voluntary b. it is acceptable to layer the blood on the guthrie paper c. the initial specimen should be collected as close to discharge as possible d. it is best to collect the specimen before the newborn takes the first feeding
c.
What is an appropriate action when an infant become apneic? a. shake vigorously b. roll the infant head to the side c. gently stimulate the trunk by patting or rubbing d. hold the infant by the feet upside down and the head supported
c.
What is the most descriptive of atopic dermatitis (AD) eczema in an infant? a. easily cured b. worse in human climates c. associated with hereditary allergies d. related to upper respiratory infections
c.
Which genetic term refers to all or part of a chromosome to a different chromosome after chromosome breakage? a. trisomy b. monosomy c. translocation d. nondisjunction
c.
Which gross motor development should a 5 month old do? a. sit erect without support b. roll from the back to the abdomen c. turn from the abdomen to the back d. move from a prone to a sitting position
c.
Which intervention is the most appropriate recommendation for a relief of teething pain? a. rub gums with aspirin b. apply hydrogen peroxide to the gums c. give the infant a frozen teething ring d. have the infant chew on a warm teething ring
c.
Which sex chromosome abnormality that is caused by the presence of one or more additional X chromosomes in a male? a. turner b. triple X c. klinefelter d.trisomy 13
c.
chromosome analysis of the fetus is usually accomplished through the testing of which? a. fetal serum b. maternal urine c. amniotic fluid d. maternal serum
c.
which developmental stage should a 6 month old be in? a. use of reflexes b. primary circular reactions c. secondary circular reactions
c. (4 -8 months )
An infant with FTT, due to defective utilization. The nurse realizes the FTT is caused by which? a. cystic fibrosis b. hyperthyroidism c. congenital infection d. breastfeeding problems
c. (defective utilization is related to a genetic anomaly)
A parent asks about negativism in toddlers. What is the most appropriate recommendation? a. punish the child b. provide more attention c. ask child not to always say no d. reduce the opportunities for a no answer
d
Parents ask the nurse if there was something they could do to prevent cleft lip. What should the nurse respond? a. this is a type of deformation and can sometimes be prevented b. studies show taking folic acid during pregnancy can prevent this defect c. this is a genetic disorder than has a 25% chance of happening with each pregnancy d. this malformation occurs at approximately 5 weeks; there is no known way to prevent this
d
The parents of a newborn say their toddler hates the baby.. he suggested that we put him in the trash can so trash truck could take him away. What is the nurses best reply? a. lets see if we can figure out why he hates the new baby b. thats a strong statement to come from such a small boy c. lets refer him to counseling to work this hatred out. it is not a normal response d. that is a normal response to the birth of a sibling, lets look at ways to deal with this
d
What do the psychosocial developmental tasks of toddlerhood include? a. development of conscience b. recognition of sex differences c. ability to get along with age mates d. ability to delay gratification
d
Which characteristic best describes the gross motor skills of a 24 month old? a. skips b. broad jumps c. rides tricycle d. walks up and down stairs
d
Which motor skill should a 5 month old have? a. neat pincer grasp b. strong grasp reflex c.builds a tower of two vibes d. able to grasp objects voluntarily
d
A couple ask the nurse about the optimal time for genetic counseling. They do not plan to have children for genetic counseling? a. as soon as the women suspects that she may be pregnant b. whenever they are ready to start their family c. now, if one of them has a family history of CHD d. now, if they are members of a population risk for certain diseases
d.
A nurse is observing children playing in the playroom. What describes parallel play? a. a child playing a video game b. two children playing a card game c. two children watching a movie tg d. a child playing with blocks next to child playing with trucks
d.
A toddlers parents ask the nurse for suggestions on dealing with temper tantrums. What is the most appropriate recommendation? a. punish the child b. explain tot he child that this is wrong c. leave the child alone until the tantrum is over d. remain close by the child without eye contact
d.
An infant has been diagnosed with FTT classified according to the pathophysiology of inadequate caloric intake. The nurse understands that the reason for the FTT is most likely related to? a. cows milk allergy b. congenital heart disease c. metabolic storage disease d. incorect formula preparation
d.
An infant, age 6 months, has six teeth. The nurse should recognize that this is what? a. normal tooth abruption b. delayed tooth eruption c. unusual and dangerous d. earlier than expected
d.
Parents ask the nurse for strategies to help their toddler adjust to the new baby. What should the nurse suggest? a. start talking about the baby very early in the pregnancy b. move the toddler to a new bed when the baby comes home c. tell the toddler that a new playmate will be coming home soon d. alert visitors to the new baby to include the toddler in the first visit
d.
Rickets is caused by a deficiency in what? a. vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. folic acid and iron d. vitamin D and calcium
d.
The developmental task with which the child of 15 to 30 months likely to be struggling with a sense of ? a. trust b. initiative c. intimacy d. autonomy
d.
The nurse is teaching parents about expected language development for their 6 month old infant. The nurse recognizes the parents understand the teaching if they make which statement? a. our baby should comprehend the word no b. our baby knows the meaning of the word mama c. our baby should be able to say 3 to 5 words d. our baby should begin to combine syllables such as dada
d.
The nurse is teaching parents about toilet training. What should the nurse include in the teaching session? a. bladder training is accomplished before bowel training. b. the mastery of skills required for toilet training is present at 18 months c. by 12 months, the child is able to retain urine for up to 2 hours or longer d. the physiologic ability to control the sphincters occurs between 18 to 24 months
d.
The nurse is teaching the parents about caring for their infant with seborrheic dermatitis. Which statement by the parents indicates understanding of the teaching? a. we will rinse off the shampoo quickly and dry the scalp thoroughly b. we will shampoo the hair every other day with antiseborrheic shampoo c. we will be sure to shampoo the hair without removing any of the crust d. we will use a find tooth comb to help remove the loosened crusts from the strands of hair
d.
The parents of a 12 month old child ask the nurse if the child can eat hot dogs as do their other children. The nurses reply should be based on what? a. the child is too young to digest hot dogs b. the child is too young to eat hot dogs safely c. hot dogs must be sliced into sections to prevent aspiration d. hot dogs must be cut into small, irregular pieces to prevent aspiration
d.
Where do eczematous lesions commonlu occur in an infant? a. abdomen, cheeks, and scalp b. buttocks, abdomen, and scalp c. back and flexor surfaces of the arms and legs d. cheeks and extensor surfaces of the arms and legs
d.
Which is lacking in a vegetarian diet? a. fat b. protein c. vitamin C and A d. iron and calcium
d.
Which statement best describes colic? a. periods of abdominal pain resulting in weight loss b. usually the result of poor or inadequate mothering c. periods of abdominal pain or crying occurring in infants over 6 months d. a paroxysmal abdominal pain or cramping manifested by periods of loud crying
d.
what factor is most important in predisposing toddlers to frequent infections? a. respirations are normal b. pulse and resp rates in toddlers are slower than those in infants c. defense mechanism are less efficient than those during infancy d. toddlers have short, straight internal ear canals and large lymph tissue
d.
