Peds FINAL

Which of these interventions provides similar results to massage and gives parents more control over their infant's care? a. Feeding schedule b. Facilitated physical activity c. Kangaroo care (skin to skin contact) d. Parent guided position changes e. Private family rooms

c. Kangaroo care (skin to skin contact)

Which of these common Neonatal Intensive Care Unit medical conditions is diagnosed by exclusion? a. Chronic Lung Disease b. Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy c. Meconium Aspiration Syndrome d. Necrotizing Enterocolitis e. Retinopathy of Prematurity

c. Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

A 31-year-old male with Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC) presents to a physical therapy clinic for an evaluation. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be an issue for an adult with AMC seeking rehabilitation? a. Neuropathy b. Osteoarthritis c. Myositis Ossificans d. Back and neck pain e. Carpal tunnel

c. Myositis Ossificans

All of the following are true regarding common primary impairments in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder EXCEPT: a) Deficient in kinesthetic processing b) Poor proprioceptive function c) Impairments in visual-spatial processing d) Increased reliance on visual feedback e) Increased reliance on auditory feedback

e) Increased reliance on auditory feedback

A physical therapist is trying to gain a more well-rounded view of her new client with Autism Spectrum Disorder, so she is trying to learn about different conditions a child with ASD could have. Which of the following is NOT a commonly co-occurring condition associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder? a) ADHD b) Anxiety c) Dyspraxia d) Toe Walking e) Ligamentous Laxity

e) Ligamentous Laxity

A 6-year-old boy presents to acute care after suffering major scald burns from an accidentally spilled pot of boiling water. What is the MOST appropriate method to use in determining total body surface area (TBSA) of the burn for this patient? a) Rule of 9s b) Braden Q Scale c) FLACC Scale d) Digital Photograph e) Lund and Browder Diagram

e) Lund and Browder Diagram

All of the following could contribute to in-toeing EXCEPT? a) Hip anteversion of 60 degrees. b) A transmalleolar angle of 40 degrees internal. c) A thigh-foot angle of 40 degrees internal. d) Metatarsus adductus. e) Metatarsus abductus

e) Metatarsus abductus

Which of the following is NOT a member of the assistive technology team? a. The child's state or private insurance company b. The child's pediatrician c. The child's teachers d. The child's rehabilitation team (physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy) e. All answer choices are members of the assistive technology team

e. All answer choices are members of the assistive technology team

Which of the following is NOT one of the radiographic criteria for Scheuermann Disease? a. Anterior wedging of 5° or more for at least three or more contiguous vertebrae b. Narrowing of the intervertebral disc space c. Kyphosis greater than 45° between vertebral segments T5 and T12 coupled with compensatory cervical and/or lumbar hyperlordosis that is uncorrected on active hyperextension d. Irregular vertebral end plates with Schmorl nodules, which are disc protrusions of the nucleus pulposus through the end plate into the vertebral body appearing as incongruent depressions e. All of the above are the radiographic criteria

e. All of the above are the radiographic criteria

Which of the following statements about rehabilitation is NOT TRUE? a. Long-Term Care typically includes low intensity, non-daily therapy, and these services are extremely limited b. Acute-care Hospital typically includes high intensity therapy, 7x/wk, where the child is unsafe to go home c. Day Hospital Rehabilitation typically includes high intensity therapy, 5x/wk, where the child is safe to be home evenings and weekends, but still requires high level of therapy d. Outpatient Rehabilitation typically includes moderately intense therapy, 1-3x/wk, where episodes of care typically last 6-12 weeks e. Early Intervention typically includes high intensity, 7x/wk, where therapy occurs early in the course of admittance for a child in the ICU

e. Early Intervention typically includes high intensity, 7x/wk, where therapy occurs early in the course of admittance for a child in the ICU

Which of the following physical characteristics is NOT commonly seen in patients with Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC)? a. Ulnarly deviated wrists b. Clubfeet c. Internally rotated shoulders d. Flexed knees e. Extended wrists

e. Extended wrists

A child presents in an outpatient pediatric physical therapy clinic and is exhibiting characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder. When is a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder typically made? a) At birth b) 2 years old c) 4 years old d) 6 years old e) 8 years old

c) 4 years old

A parent comes to a PT with concerns that her 6-month-old daughter is slightly bow-legged when she stands. Upon the evaluation, a tibiofemoral angle of 170 degrees is measured. Which of the following is the best choice of treatment? a) Immobilization in a cast to promote a straighter leg. b) Manipulate the proximal tib-fib joint to correct alignment down the chain. c) Explain to the parent that this degree of tibiofemoral angle is typical for a child of this. d) Explain to the parent that this degree of genu valgum is typical for a child of this. e) Explain to the parent that the child needs to avoid weight-bearing activities to prevent progression of the bony malformation.

c) Explain to the parent that this degree of tibiofemoral angle is typical for a child of this.

Current evidence suggests there are multiple risk factors that contribute to cerebral palsy rather than a single event. Which of the following causes of CP, once thought to be large contributor, is NOT considered a major percentage of cases? A. Acute hypoxia during labor or birth B. STORCH infections C. Premature birth D. Cerebral vascular events occurring within the first 28 days after birth E. Genetic factors

A. Acute hypoxia during labor or birth

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. Which of the following options best explains how a child develops cystic fibrosis (CF)? A. Both parents need to be carriers of the gene for the child develop CF B. The mother of the child must be a carrier of the gene for the child to develop CF C. The father of the child must be a carrier of the gene for the child to develop CF D. CF is idiopathic and the child may get CF without either parent being carriers of the gene E. Only one parent needs to be a carrier of the gene for the child to develop CF

A. Both parents need to be carriers of the gene for the child develop CF

A 12 year-old patient with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy is functioning at a GMFCS level II. He has difficulty running and walking on uneven surfaces for long distances outside and wants to be able play basketball with his friends during recess. What outcome measure would you use to measure his bilateral coordination, balance, running and agility? A. Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition BOT-2 B. Movement Assessment Battery for Children MABC-2 C. Timed Up and Go Test TUG D. Pediatric Balance Scale PBS E. Berg Balance Scale BBS

A. Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition BOT-2

Before performing any out of bed activities with a child on long-term mechanical ventilation, the most important factor for the therapist is to: A. Check to ensure the ventilator tubing length is long enough. B. Make sure both parents will be present for the activity. C. Perform PROM to the child's lower extremities. D. Make sure the child will find the activity enjoyable. E. It is contraindicated to get a child out of bed if on long-term mechanical ventilation.

A. Check to ensure the ventilator tubing length is long enough.

The Guide to Physical Therapist Practice provides three components of intervention which includes: A. Child- and family-related instruction B. Proper development of goals C. Educationally relevant physical therapy D. Transition planning E. Knowledge of state and local rules

A. Child- and family-related instruction

A 12-month-old presents with difficulty maintaining their balance, so the PT decides to check for any retained primitive reflexes. The PT finds a retained Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex and a fully integrated Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex. All of the following are movement difficulties this infant might display EXCEPT: A. Difficulties with crossing vertical midline B. Appearance of a "floppy" child C. Rigid, awkward, and/or jerky movements while running and jumping D. Reflexive flexion and extension in muscles in back of legs leading to clumsiness and falling E. Difficulty with proper head/neck alignment necessary for balance

A. Difficulties with crossing vertical midline

Which of the following characteristics does NOT indicate that a child may be diagnosed with asthma? A. Difficulty breathing that is worse mid-day B. Wheezing detected through lung auscultation C. Bluish color of the lips and/or nails D. Increased expansion of the lungs E. Increased use of the sternocleidomastoid during inhalation

A. Difficulty breathing that is worse mid-day

Combined with total Active Movement Scale score, what are the two most useful criteria for determining if an infant should have microsurgical repair secondary to a brachial plexus lesion? A. Diminished or absent shoulder ER and forearm supination B. Diminished or absent shoulder IR and forearm pronation C. Diminished or absent shoulder IR and forearm supination D. Diminished or absent shoulder ER and forearm pronation E. None of the above. Total AMS score is the only criteria.

A. Diminished or absent shoulder ER and forearm supination

Which of the following BEST predicts a poor prognosis for long term survival in the individual with SMA? A. Early age at onset B. Poor cardiovascular function C. Inability to ambulate D. Declining respiratory function E. None of the above

A. Early age at onset

Which of the following therapy interventions is MOST likely to benefit a child with an intellectual disability? A. Educating the child and family on how to practice a skill during the child's daily routine in a natural environment B. Passive ROM to address an impairment in ankle dorsiflexion found during the initial evaluation C. Practicing climbing the steps in the therapy clinic to allow the child to sleep in a bedroom upstairs at home D. Part-whole training in the clinic to allow the child to participate in assisted transfers between a wheelchair and the car seat E. Behavior programming interventions focused on giving positive reinforcements such as praises or snacks to promote new motor behaviors

A. Educating the child and family on how to practice a skill during the child's daily routine in a natural environment

The physical therapist is reviewing the next patient's files and reads that the patient has a diagnosis of Prader-Willi Syndrome. Which of the following should the physical therapist think to include in the session? A. Education on the likelihood of obesity B. Education on the likelihood of scoliosis C. Education on the negative effects of exercise D. Education on the likelihood of a decreased lifespan E. Education on the benefits of prolonged rest

A. Education on the likelihood of obesity

This orthopedic condition is defined as an osteochondrosis of the navicular bone of the foot? A. Kohler disease B. Tarsal coalition C. Freiberg disease D. Osgood-Schlatter disease E. Sever disease

A. Kohler disease

A 13-year-old baseball pitcher is complaining of right shoulder pain. He plays baseball year-round and has been pitching more frequently. The referring physician suspects a physeal injury. According to the Salter Harris fracture classification, which of the following describes a type III fracture? A. Fracture through the physis and epiphysis B. Fracture through the physis and metaphysis C. Crush type fracture of the physis D. Fracture through the physis, metaphysis and epiphysis E. Fracture that only passes through the physis

A. Fracture through the physis and epiphysis

In pediatric rehabilitation for children with CP, which intervention approach has the MOST evidence-based qualities for motor learning in terms of percentage feedback, type of instruction, amount and type of practice? A. Functional mobility training for 3x week for 5 weeks with an age-appropriate developmental progression and feedback 100% of the time. B. Bilateral arm coordination training for tennis 3x week for 5 weeks with feedback 60% of the time. C. An age-appropriate locomotor game to functionally improve foot-drop 10 minutes a day 1x week for 5 weeks with feedback 35% of the time. D. Minimal practice 1x week utilizing random practice initially to first learn how to dribble a basketball and shoot a layup with verbal instruction only, feedback 85% of the time. E. Training reaching compensations with blocked practice only for 4x week for 5 weeks, feedback 55% of the time.

A. Functional mobility training for 3x week for 5 weeks with an age-appropriate developmental progression and feedback 100% of the time.

Hayden is a 36-month-old, who has appeared to your clinic been referred to your clinic due to concerns in his cognitive development and gross motor skills. You are concerned with how his performance relates to his family's goals. Which of the following outcome measures is the BEST to use on Hayden and includes an assessment of Hayden's cognitive and gross motor domain? A. Hawaii Early Learning Profile (HELP) B. Miller Function and Participation Scales (M-FUN) C. Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) D. Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) E. Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS-2)

A. Hawaii Early Learning Profile (HELP)

Which of the following statements is true in regard to models of service delivery? A. In the direct model, the therapist is the primary service provider for the child. B. In the integrated model, the therapist interacts with the members of the educational team only and the team provides the interventions to the child. C. In the monitoring model, the therapist is only responsible for checking on the progress of the child but does not provide direct interventions. D. In the consultative model, the therapist provides instruction and demonstration to the educational team in regard to only environmental factors. E. In the collaboration model, each team member is responsible only for the goals that relate to their own discipline.

A. In the direct model, the therapist is the primary service provider for the child.

Stella is a 3-year-old toddler recently diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. She frequently displays excessive behavioral responses to sudden and/or unexpected loud noises. Research in brain-behavior relationships may BEST describe these symptoms by which of the following: A. Neurologic immaturity and longer processing of stimuli B. Neurologic maturity and longer processing of stimuli C. Neurologic immaturity and shorter processing of stimuli D. Neurologic maturity and shorter processing of stimuli E. None of the above

A. Neurologic immaturity and longer processing of stimuli

What causes maldigestion of fats and proteins in children diagnosed with cystic fibrosis? A. Pancreatic insufficiency B. Chronic pansinusitis C. Impaired mucociliary clearance D. Abnormal expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein E. Chronic lung disease

A. Pancreatic insufficiency

You just completed an evaluation on a child with congenital muscular torticollis and want to make sure you are utilizing current evidence-based practices. Which article would provide the HIGHEST LEVEL of evidence? A. Physical Therapy Management of Congenital Muscular Torticollis: A 2018 Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline B. The clinical presentation and outcome of treatment of congenital muscular torticollis in infants - a study of 1,086 cases C. The effect of postural control intervention for congenital muscular torticollis: a randomized controlled trial D. Effectiveness of surgical treatment for neglected congenital muscular torticollis: a systematic review and meta-analysis E. Cochrane review: Interventions for treating children with congenital muscular torticollis

A. Physical Therapy Management of Congenital Muscular Torticollis: A 2018 Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline

A parent of an eight-year-old soccer player approaches the PT about performing resistance strength training (RST) to help prevent injuries and improve the athletic performance of their child. What is the best information the PT can give the parent about RST with pre-adolescent children? A. Pre-adolescent children should perform activities that use strength training for all parts of the body to promote balance. B. Research has shown that pre-adolescent children who perform RST at 80-95% of their 1 RM 5-7 days a week show the most improvement in athletic performance. C. RST has higher amounts of injuries versus sports and recreational activities for pre-adolescent children and should NOT be performed. D. The child should not focus on RST and should perform endurance training type activities that are more specific to the type of training system that soccer uses. E. The child would benefit more from participating in multiple sports at their age, especially one that requires high muscular demands like wrestling or gymnastics.

A. Pre-adolescent children should perform activities that use strength training for all parts of the body to promote balance.

Alexandra is a 12-year-old female volleyball player who complains of right anterior knee pain for the last 6 weeks. She reports worsening pain with jumping and running that is relieved with rest. Upon palpation, point tenderness is elicited at the patella-patellar tendon junction at inferior pole of the patella. Based on the information from the case, what does the physical therapist suspect is causing her pain? A. Sinding Larsen Johansson Syndrome B. Osgood Schlatter C. Infrapatellar bursitis D. Patellar Tendinosis E. Inferior Patellar Sleeve Fracture

A. Sinding Larsen Johansson Syndrome

Individuals with disabilities working, gaining "too much" of an income are at risk of potentially losing__? A. Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability Income B. They are not at risk of losing anything C. Educational Benefits D. Their income from their job E. Their jobs

A. Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability Income

Which of the following is true about the vestibular system and development? A. The Vestibulooccular reflex (VOR) stabilizes images on retina by reflexive movement of eyes opposite head movement mediated by medial and superior vestibular nuclei B. The 3 semicircular canals sense changes in linear acceleration C. The head righting reactions evoked by laterally tilting a child side to side while sitting on a swiss ball typically emerges at 6 months old D. The Vestibulospinal reflex utilizes the lateral vestibulospinal tract to activate contralateral lower motor neurons innervating flexor trunk muscles E.A mature neonate is not born with a fully functional vestibular organ

A. The Vestibulooccular reflex (VOR) stabilizes images on retina by reflexive movement of eyes opposite head movement mediated by medial and superior vestibular nuclei

A 16-year-old client with Cystic Fibrosis states that his goal is to begin performing physical activity and exercise 3-5 days a week. What is the most important education that the PT can provide the client regarding CF and physical activity? A. The client must remain hydrated, intake adequate amounts of water throughout his session, and exercise in cool environments. B. The client must perform Active- Cycle Breathing for secretion management prior to his exercise sessions. C. The client should perform only cardiorespiratory endurance training at 75-90% of VO2max. D. The client must perform pursed- lip breathing during all exercise activities throughout the session. E. The client must consult a Pediatric Pulmonologist prior to beginning any type of physical activity and exercise.

A. The client must remain hydrated, intake adequate amounts of water throughout his session, and exercise in cool environments.

Which of the following is NOT true about Whole Body Vibration (WBV)? A. WBV transmits high-amplitude mechanical stimuli throughout the body B. WBV improves bone density C. WBV may cause excessive fatigue D. There is horizontal and vertical WBV E. WBV may decrease spasticity in patients with cerebral palsy

A. WBV transmits high-amplitude mechanical stimuli throughout the body

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be included in the primary focus of the management of the patient with SMA Type II? A. Walking B. Independence with mobility other than walking C. Contracture management D. Sitting posture E. All of the above are of primary focus

A. Walking

Sensory Processing Disorders (including Sensory Modulation Disorders and Sensory Motor Disorders) produce symptoms and behaviors that MAINLY stem from interactions between which neuroanatomical groupings? A. neocortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum B. hippocampus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum C. basal ganglia, cerebellum, and midbrain D. neocortex, basal ganglia, and midbrain E. hippocampus, cerebellum, and midbrain

A. neocortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum

Which of the following is NOT a recommended task-oriented approach for a pediatric physical therapy session? A. An obstacle course where the child must use his involved arm to accomplish each task in the course. B. A short and gentle NDT activity followed by virtual wii gaming tennis for 30 minutes. C. Massed practice treadmill training in children with Down Syndrome to improve locomotion. D. Wall climbing on the playground to facilitate cross body coordination to normalize play. E. Reaching for toys high on the shelf to promote balance while on their toes.

B. A short and gentle NDT activity followed by virtual wii gaming tennis for 30 minutes.

Which of the following is the correct order of the stages of object manipulation 1. Rotation 2. Vibration 3. Translation A) 1,2,3 B) 1,3,2 C) 2,3,1 D) 3,1,2 E) 3,2,1

B) 1,3,2

Tommy is a 11-year-old male who is referred to your clinic for left heel pain. Tommy is the captain of his club basketball team and has recently taken up running in hopes of making the track team at school next year. The patient reports a recent growth spurt and worsening heel pain when running. Based on the subjective interview, the physical therapist is suspecting Sever's Disease. All of the following objective findings would support the suspicion of Sever's Disease except: A. (+) Squeeze Test B. (+) Talar Tilt Test C. Pain with passive ankle dorsiflexion D. Tender to Palpation of calcaneal insertion of Achille's Tendon E. (+) Sever Sign

B. (+) Talar Tilt Test

Which of the following exercises would be contraindicated for a patient diagnosed with Marfan Syndrome? A. Cat/cow exercise to be used for pain management B. 8 reps of 80% 1RM (rep max) dead lift to increase strength C. "I's," "Y's," and "T's" to strengthen the posterior shoulder girdle D. Stretching of tight muscles that aren't contributing to stability E. Grade two joint mobilization to the posterior capsule of the shoulder in order to decrease anterior dislocations

B. 8 reps of 80% 1RM (rep max) dead lift to increase strength

The two MOST common environmental causes of intellectual disability are: A. Infections and seizure disorders B. Antenatal exposure to toxins and psychosocial deprivation C. Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome D. Lack of power mobility and adaptive seating E. Premature birth and head injuries

B. Antenatal exposure to toxins and psychosocial deprivation

All of the following are risk factors of Perinatal Brachial Plexus Injury EXCEPT: A. Shoulder dystocia B. Birth weight less than 90th percentile C. Prolonged maternal labor D. Maternal gestational diabetes E. Breech delivery

B. Birth weight less than 90th percentile

Damage to which of the following structures may result in dysfunctional sensorimotor modulation and ataxia? A Basal ganglia B Cerebellum C Neocortex D Midbrain E Hippocampus

B. Cerebellum

Girls are MORE likely to present with which of the following orthopedic conditions, as compared to boys. A. Flexible Flatfoot B. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) C. Kohler disease D. Blount's disease E. Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease (LCPD)

B. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)

Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of a 4 year old. A) catching a ball with hands only B) lace shoelaces C) overhand throw D) talk & eat at the same time E) walk downstairs with one foot per step

C) overhand throw

A PT is interested in using a new standing balance assessment. As a consumer of evidence based practice you want to make sure the test is valid and has good reliability. Which test would you NOT choose to use? A. Ghent Developmental Balance Test GDBT B. Early Clinical Assessment of Balance ECAB C. Pediatric Balance Scale PBS D. Movement Assessment Battery for Children MABC-2 E. Peabody Developmental Motor Scale PDMS-2

B. Early Clinical Assessment of Balance ECAB

A PT has an evaluation scheduled with an 8 year-old male patient with cerebral palsy functioning at a GMFCS level III. The patient's mother is concerned that he is having trouble with transfers and with sitting to standing. You only have a few minutes to do a quick examination. Choose the BEST assessment to test his transfer ability from sitting to standing in the least amount of time? A. Movement Assessment Battery for Children MABC-2 B. Five Times Sit To Stand Test FTSTS C. Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition BOT-2 D. Ghent Developmental Balance Test GDBT E. Pediatric Reach Test PRT

B. Five Times Sit To Stand Test FTSTS

You have been treating a six-month-old child for congenital muscular torticollis and cranial deformation. You want to reassess the child to determine if they meet the criteria for discharge. All of the following below are true regarding discharge criteria EXCEPT: a. Age-appropriate gross motor development including symmetrical movement patterns during static, dynamic and reflexive movements B. Full PROM of the neck, trunk and extremities within 10 degrees of the affected side c. Improved skull symmetry to Argenta Type 1 d. No visible head tilt, and caregivers are educated to monitor child during growth e. Symmetrical movement patterns throughout PROM

B. Full PROM of the neck, trunk and extremities within 10 degrees of the affected side

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a priority in the management of the patient with Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (CMD)? A. Respiratory function B. Gait training C. Postural control for sitting D. Cardiovascular function E. All of these are essential for a patient with CMD

B. Gait training

Physical therapy examination of children with CP involves the identification of strengths and abilities, as well as participation restrictions, activity limitations, and impairments of body structure and function. Which of the following tests and measures are appropriate to assess activity and participation? A. Modified Tardieu Scale B. Gross Motor Function Measure C. Craig Hospital Inventory of Environmental Factors D. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) E. Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE)

B. Gross Motor Function Measure

During a soccer game, an athlete sustains an injury on the field and is holding their foot. Immediately, health personnel go to perform an examination. According to the Ottawa Ankle and Foot rules, which of the following is NOT an appropriate finding to determine that the athlete needs an x-ray? A. Pain in the midfoot. B. Pain at the anterior talocrural joint line. C. Bone tenderness at the base of the fifth metatarsal. D. Bone tenderness at the navicular. E. Inability to bear weight immediately and in the emergency room

B. Pain at the anterior talocrural joint line.

During your evaluation of a 15-year-old female adolescent, you suspect the patient may have arthritis at the hip, knee, ankle, foot, and elbow joints bilaterally which you also note are swollen and warm. Upon reviewing her chart, you read the patient has rheumatoid nodules on her elbows and during the subjective interview, she tells you the onset of these signs was approximately a year ago. What form of juvenile arthritis do you suspect? A. Oligoarticular arthritis. B. RF-positive polyarticular JIA. C. RF-negative polyarticular JIA. D. Systemic JIA. E. Psoriatic arthritis.

B. RF-positive polyarticular JIA.

Which assessment tool SPECIFICALLY helps aid practitioners in determining whether a change in clinical practices is warranted? A. PEDro Scale B. CEBM Levels C. 6S Hierarchy D. GRADE E. AGREE

D. GRADE

Kate is a 3-month-old who has presented to your PT clinic due to developmental delays. As her PT you are deciding which outcome measure to use. Which of the following pieces of information will LEAST influence your decision on which outcome measure to use? A. Family goals B. Patient's family history C. Age D. Testing environment E. Psychometric properties of the outcome measure

B. Patient's family history

Which of the following is NOT true about visual preferences of young infants? A. Prefer curvilinear features B. Prefer low complexity patterns C. Prefer high contrast patterns D. Prefer moderate complexity patterns E. Prefer sharp boundaries

B. Prefer low complexity patterns

Physical Therapy Management of Congenital Muscular Torticollis: A 2018 Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline "You have a patient with a unique presentation of developmental coordination disorder. Your current plan of care seems to be working, but not as effectively as you hoped. You have already looked at various articles that just reiterate your current plan of care. Which resource will be helpful in providing a NOVEL perspective from a wide range of UPDATED randomized control trials? A. Cochrane Database B. PubMed C. Campbell's Physical Therapy for Children Expert Consult Textbook 4th Edition D. Ask your coworker with 25+ years of experience working with this specific patient population E. Google

B. PubMed

The psychometric properties of Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) to predict PDMS score at 4 years is: Sensitivity: 40%, Specificity: 91%. What is the meaning of this information? A. Since the test is highly specific a negative test result will rule out the condition. B. Since the test is highly specific a positive test result will rule in the condition. C. Since the test has a low sensitivity a negative test result will rule out the condition D. Since the test has a low sensitivity a positive test result will rule in the condition. E. Since the test has a high sensitivity a positive test result will rule in the condition.

B. Since the test is highly specific a positive test result will rule in the condition.

How does hippotherapy influence the development of postural control as shown by research? A. Vibration of the horse activates muscle reflexes which improve contractile ability and strength. B. The horse gives the child unpredictable movements and perturbations in the child's center of gravity in all three planes. C. This intervention requires the child to use postural strategies taught to the patient by the physical therapist before the hippotherapy session in order to recover. D. The constant speed and repetition of this non-variable task gives the child adequate blocked, repetitive practice. E. All of the above

B. The horse gives the child unpredictable movements and perturbations in the child's center of gravity in all three planes.

Which of the following transition model or approach is defined as "empowerment of youth and families through emotional support and knowledge of community resources and supports,"? A. Ecological and Experimental Approach B. Youth and Family Centered Approach C. Assistive Technologies Approach D. Life Needs Model E. Skills Training Approach

B. Youth and Family Centered Approach

All of the following are activities that would be seen in a typical 3 year old, EXCEPT? A) alternate feet when ascending stairs B) bowel training established C) button large buttons D) momentary hopping E) ride tricycle

C) button large buttons

A Physical Therapist would like to determine whether their 15-year-old patient is safe to return to basketball and decides to objectively measure the strength of their triceps using a dynamometer. What is the recommended criterion for muscle strength of the involved limb for the patient to return to activity? A. 75% to 80% of the contralateral muscle. B. 80% to 85% of the contralateral muscle. C. 85% to 90% of the contralateral muscle. D. 90% to 95% of the contralateral muscle. E. 95% to 100% of the contralateral muscle.

C. 85% to 90% of the contralateral muscle.

Several risk factors may contribute to the development or onset of asthma. In which one of the following examples does a child have the HIGHEST risk for developing asthma? A. A child with lower respiratory tract infections 1x/month for 3 months. B. A child born at 38 weeks of gestation with a mild congenital heart defect. C. A child that had respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) during infancy for ~2 months. D. A child exposed to secondhand smoke from his father who smokes a couple cigarettes on the weekends. E. A child who develops strep throat and is incredibly irritable for several days.

C. A child that had respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) during infancy for ~2 months.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the typical development of gait? A. A child will typically display a consistent heel strike by 5 years old. B. A child will typically display a mature gait pattern by 9 years old. C. A child will typically begin ambulating with a wide BOS, increased hip flexion and external rotation at 9-15 months old. D. As a child's gait pattern matures, they will have a decreased duration of single limb stance and increased cadence. E. As a child's gait pattern matures, they will have an increased BOS which allows for less sagittal movement over the planted foot

C. A child will typically begin ambulating with a wide BOS, increased hip flexion and external rotation at 9-15 months old.

Which of the following physical therapy interventions have the least amount of evidence for effectiveness as part of your therapy program for those with CP? A. The promotion of well-aligned postural stability coupled with smooth mobility to allow the emergence of motor skills B. Encouraging transitional movements against gravity, ball gymnastics, treadmill use, tricycle riding, scootering, and ascending and descending stairs C. A passive stretching program where the muscles are stretched beyond the minimum threshold length only D. Progressive resistance training including the use of elastic bands, free weights, isokinetic equipment, and functional movements E. Encourage the use of community and recreational programs that provide the necessary opportunities to promote fitness and focus on healthy lifestyles

C. A passive stretching program where the muscles are stretched beyond the minimum threshold length only

The Education for all Handicapped Children Act includes all of the following concepts EXCEPT: A. Children are to receive education in the least restrictive environment. B. All children receiving special education is required to have an individualized educational program. C. A sole assessment is to be performed to determine the placement of the child in the education setting. D. Parents must give permission for the child to be evaluated for special education and services. E. All children despite severity of disability has the right to receive an education.

C. A sole assessment is to be performed to determine the placement of the child in the education setting.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the terms, "developmental disability" and "intellectual disability?" A. Developmental disability is often associated with motor impairments in addition to intellectual impairments, whereas intellectual disability is not associated with motor impairments B. Developmental disability requires an IQ of 70-75 or below to be diagnosed C. Developmental disability can be diagnosed up to the age of 22, whereas intellectual disability must refer to impairments that are onset before the age of 18 D. The term "developmental disability" became increasingly common following the signing of Rosa's Law in 2010, which mandated its use in health, education, and labor policy laws and documents E. The two terms are interchangeable, but they are used by different organizations

C. Developmental disability can be diagnosed up to the age of 22, whereas intellectual disability must refer to impairments that are onset before the age of 18

An 11-year-old recently started pitching for his Little League team. After his third game, he begins complaining of proximal shoulder pain but his mother states that he had no direct force to his shoulder aside from throwing. Given his age, which of the following is the MOST likely cause of this skeletally immature athlete's pain? A. Acromioclavicular sprain. B. Primary shoulder impingement. C. Epiphyseal injury. D. Subacromial bursitis. E. Rotator cuff tear.

C. Epiphyseal injury.

According to Gentile's Taxonomy, which of the following motor skills is considered MOST COMPLEX for a patient to accomplish? A. Putting a golf ball to different holes 5, 10, 20 feet away. B. Practicing a golf swing without a golf club. C. Fishing while standing on boat, throwing the line out to a different spot each time. D. Driving a golf cart at a constant speed around a track, turning left only. E. Fishing while sitting on a boat and only casting once.

C. Fishing while standing on boat, throwing the line out to a different spot each time.

All of the following muscles are paralyzed or have decreased activation with Erb's palsy EXCEPT? A. Serratus Anterior B. Biceps C. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris D. Supinator E. Deltoid

C. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

"The Patient/Client Management Model differs slightly when dealing with different populations. Which of the following is FALSE regarding the model as it pertains to the pediatric population, but NOT to adults? A. A thorough examination of the patient includes history, systems review, and selected tests and measures. B. The therapist must take into consideration the patient's personal strengths, family strengths, and community resources when determining the plan of care. C. Frequency and duration of intervention is periodic and episodic, based solely on specific functional problems, without consideration of medical diagnosis. D. Therapists utilize differential diagnosis to classify the patient into a diagnostic category in order determine prognosis and plan of care. E. Interventions include, but are not limited to, instruction, functional training in self-care, reintegration into school or the community, and skin management.

C. Frequency and duration of intervention is periodic and episodic, based solely on specific functional problems, without consideration of medical diagnosis.

A physical therapist is treating a patient with Developmental Coordination Disorder. Given evidence-based practice, which of the following interventions would be considered best to use to improve standing balance? A. Antigravity treadmill training to increase patient comfort and compliance B. Hippotherapy to decrease spasticity C. Gaming balance board to activate postural control in all three planes D. Supramalleolar orthoses to control foot pronation E. Aquatic therapy to reduce body weight

C. Gaming balance board to activate postural control in all three planes

A patient with juvenile arthritis comes in with low-grade inflammation at the knee, ankles, and elbows. The joints are warm but not painful. The patient is currently ambulatory without an assistive device and participates in swimming at school. What is the prognosis for this patient? A. Poor as they are likely to develop pain and arthritis at the hip and hand during late adolescence which will severely hamper function. B. Good as polyarticular JIA patients tend to resolve their joint issues in early childhood on their own as the patient hits puberty. C. Good for joint preservation and function but may develop contractures during active disease and later degenerative arthritis. D. Poor as they are 80% likely to develop iridocyclitis by adulthood which may lead to functional blindness. E. Poor as studies have shown that poor articular outcomes are linked to the presence of elbow involvement.

C. Good for joint preservation and function but may develop contractures during active disease and later degenerative arthritis.

Children who have spinal cord injury before the age of 10 years commonly experience joint subluxation and dislocation in which of the following joints? A. Shoulder B. Wrist C. Hip D. Knee E. Ankle

C. Hip

A young athlete has been training for a cross-country meet and has been experiencing persistent leg pain while running for the past 3 weeks. Which of the following imaging tool(s) would BEST confirm if the athlete has a stress fracture? I. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan II. Radiograph III. Bone Scan A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I and II only E. II and III only

C. III only

An individual is standing still quietly on a flat surface. Where is their center of gravity located? A. Just behind the spine at L5 B. Just forward to the spine at L5 C. Just forward to the spine at S2 D. Just behind the spine at S2 E. Ischial tuberosities

C. Just forward to the spine at S2

Mark is an 8-year-old boy, who referred to you for physical therapy because he has developed a limp. Based on your knowledge of commonly found diagnoses of limping in various age groups, what condition is MOST likely causing Mark's limp? A. Osgood-Schlatter syndrome B. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis C. Legg-Calve-Perthes disease D. Osteomyelitis E. Septic arthritis

C. Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

You are conducting a PT evaluation for a 14-year-old tennis player with shoulder pain. You decide to conduct a field test that is part of the FITNESSGRAM for upper body strength and endurance to track her progress until discharge. Which is the best test for upper body strength and endurance within the FITNESSGRAM? A. Curl-Ups at a cadence of one rep every three seconds B. Modified pull-ups at a cadence of one rep every three seconds C. Ninety-degree push-ups at a cadence of one rep every three seconds D. Prone trunk lifts at a cadence of one rep every three seconds E. Wingate anaerobic cycling test for the upper extremity.

C. Ninety-degree push-ups at a cadence of one rep every three seconds

Which of the following tests is a criterion referenced balance assessment? A. Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition (BOT-2) B. Peabody Developmental Motor Scale PDMS-2 C. Pediatric Balance Scale PBS D. Pediatric Reach Test PRT E. Movement Assessment Battery for Children MABC-2

C. Pediatric Balance Scale PBS

Which of the following is NOT true regarding Individualized Education Plans (IEPs)? A. IEPs are required for school aged children 3-21 years old who receive special education and related services through IDEA. B. Changes to an IEP can be made without an IEP meeting if the parents and local educational agency develop a written document of amendments or changes. C. Physical therapists are not required to attend IEP meetings. D. All IEPs do not require short term objectives. E. After the age of 16, IEPs must include transition services.

C. Physical therapists are not required to attend IEP meetings.

A 9-year-old patient with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) comes in with arthritis that has peaked within the last year. Her hip, cervical spine, temporomandibular, elbow, and wrist are affected. Considering this patient's age and the joints affected, what would be something you typically NOT see with this patient? A. Leg length inequality, pain in the groin, buttocks, medial thigh, or knee, and a gluteus medius limp. B. Difficulties with mouth opening and pain in the ear region. C. Radial deviation due to involvement of the wrist associated with radial undergrowth. D. Pain and stiffness in the back of the neck, with loss of extension and limitations in rotation and lateral flexion or restricted shoulder elevation. E. This patient may use increased lumbar lordosis as a measure of compensation.

C. Radial deviation due to involvement of the wrist associated with radial undergrowth.

An athlete with a T4 Spinal Cord Injury tries "boosting" to help increase their performance and has an episode of autonomic dysreflexia. Which of the following descriptions BEST represents the cardiovascular effects that occur as a result of this? A. Rise in blood pressure and no change in heart rate B. Drop in blood pressure and no change in heart rate C. Rise in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate D. Drop in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate E. Drop in blood pressure and a decrease in heart rate.

C. Rise in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate

The patient is an 11-year-old African American male referred for left knee pain who walks into the clinic with a moderate limp. Patient reports joining a soccer team last month and has been playing every day. Patient denies a previous history of trauma. Patient has a BMI of 28, although reports being on healthy diet. During the exam, the physical therapist notes a decrease in hip internal rotation on the left compared to the right. Based on the information in this case, what is most likely the diagnosis and plan for treatment? A. Hip Apophysitis; prescribe relative rest and continued activity modification with gentle hip range of motion exercises B. Legg- Calve Perthes; immediate non-weight bearing and referred to orthopedic surgeon C. Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis; immediate non-weightbearing and transfer to the emergency room D. Osgood Schlatter; evaluate running mechanics and educate patient on relative rest as dictated by his pain levels E. Apophyseal Avulsion Fracture; fit child for crutches, teach a 3-point gait pattern and refer back to physician within 1 week for imaging

C. Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis; immediate non-weightbearing and transfer to the emergency room

Which of the following is TRUE regarding weaning off of mechanical ventilation? A. Weaning-off of mechanical ventilation is the therapeutic goal for every patient. B. The child should achieve muscular and respiratory fatigue during the weaning-off process. C. The child must not have any active infections during the weaning-off process. D. Weaning-off of mechanical ventilation is a standard process that does not need to be patient-specific. E. All of the above.

C. The child must not have any active infections during the weaning-off process.

Your patient is a 4-year-old female with Cerebral Palsy, GMFCS level 1. She presents with pes planus and calcaneal eversion and is unable to achieve calcaneal inversion. Which phase of gait would be the MOST affected by her inability to achieve calcaneal inversion? A. Initial contact B. Loading response C. Midstance D. Terminal stance E. Pre swing

D. Terminal stance

Which of the following genetic conditions can result in hypotonia? A. Cri du Chat B. Prader-Willi Syndrome C. Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia D. A and B E. All of the above

D. A and B

According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), asthma is defined as a pulmonary disease with recurring symptoms that are variable in presentation and show three significant characteristics. Which of the following characteristics MOST accurately describes asthma? A. Airway inflammation B. Airway obstruction C. Bronchial hyporesponsiveness to stimuli D. A and B only E. All of the above

D. A and B only

Place the following skills/behaviors in order from when the emerge 1. Variability in reaching path & movement units while reaching for a stationary object 2. Child seems more interested in looking at the object, hand posture is more likely to be fisted 3. Hand prepared for reaching, determine realistic reaching distances 4. Reaching is visually triggered but not guided, hand is typically open during forward extension of arm A) 1,2,3,4 B) 2,3,1,4 C) 2,3,4,1 D) 4,2,3,1 E) 4,3,2,1

D) 4,2,3,1

Focusing treatment on the influence of external forces and the environment could be labeled as all of the following theories EXCEPT. A) Behaviorism B) Ecological Theory C) Embodied Mind Concept D) Neural-maturationist E) Perception Action Theory

D) Neural-maturationist

All of the following anatomical changes could occur with Perinatal Brachial Plexus Injury EXCEPT for: A. Flat humeral head B. Humeral head hypoplasia C. Subluxation of humeral head D. Abnormally long clavicle E. Irregular glenoid fossa

D. Abnormally long clavicle

Megan is a 6-month-old who has been referred to physical therapy by her pediatrician due to concerns in developmental growth. As part of her initial evaluation, you need to pick an norm-referenced outcome measure that will help you determine if she is eligible for PT services. Which of the following is the BEST norm referenced outcome measure to use on Megan? A. Hawaii Early Learning Profile (HELP) B. Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) C. Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) D. Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) E. Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2)"

D. Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS)

Which of the following is the ultimate goal for physical therapists treating children on long-term mechanical ventilation? A. Minimizing primary and secondary impairments. B. Reducing activity limitations and disabilities. C. Maximizing participation at home, school, and community. D. All of the above. E. None of the above.

D. All of the above.

A 16-year old female basketball player is referred to physical therapy after a traumatic shoulder dislocation. Which of the following is most likely the direction in which dislocation occurred? A. Lateral B. Inferior C. Posterior D. Anterior E. Superior

D. Anterior

A patient walks into the physical therapy clinic with a diagnosis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Which of the following should the family be educated about? A. Strengthening the muscles directly affected by CMT in the body should be the number 1 priority as this will slow the progression of the disease. B. The best physical therapy session is one where the patient's perceived exertion is 18 on the Borg RPE scale. C. Exercises that stress the joints are the gold standard for this patient population. D. Exercises should work on strengthening unaffected muscles by CMT that can help do the work of those that have atrophied. E. This patient population should not be seeing a physical therapist.

D. Exercises should work on strengthening unaffected muscles by CMT that can help do the work of those that have atrophied.

A 5-year-old child diagnosed with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) has just been referred to you. During your assessment, which of the following options would be the LEAST likely finding related to this disease? A. Global weakness B. Decline of respiratory function C. Contracture formation D. Cognitive delay E. Progressive disability

D. Cognitive delay

All of the following are autosomal dominant except: A. Rett Syndrome B. Marfan Syndrome C. Fragile X Syndrome D. Cri du Chat E. Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

D. Cri du Chat

Pulmonary function tests are often performed for patients with asthma to determine the location and degree of the respiratory impairment. Based on your pulmonary knowledge and your knowledge of asthma conditions, which one of the following can a physical therapist EXPECT to see in a child with asthma while measuring their lung function? A. Increased forced vital capacity (FVC) B. Decreased residual volume (RV) C. Increased peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) D. Decreased forced expiratory volume (FEV1) E. Decreased functional residual capacity (FRC)

D. Decreased forced expiratory volume (FEV1)

Which of the following is TRUE regarding assessment of intellectual functioning in children with intellectual disabilities? A. Nonverbal testing is the most fair and comprehensive method of examination for all children B. Intellectual referencing is the most accurate method of assessing intellectual functioning C. Perceptual-motor development in infants predicts intelligence later in childhood D. Information-processing tests are reliable for assessing intelligence in infants E. Motor function and language are not relevant to assessment of intellectual functioning

D. Information-processing tests are reliable for assessing intelligence in infants

A 12-year-old child with CP has been brought into your clinic for an evaluation. The child required the help of her caregiver to transfer from her wheelchair to the floor mat. However, when positioned with assistance in the parallel bars, the child was able to walk a short distance. As a therapist, to which functional classification of the GMFCS would you assign her? A. Level 1 B. Level 2 C. Level 3 D. Level 4 E. Level 5

D. Level 4

A cardiopulmonary PT working in the ICU has been seeing a patient with cystic fibrosis that has developed a minor pneumothorax over the weekend that is now stable. Which of the following would be the best intervention for this patient? A. No PT, as physical therapy is contraindicated with a pneumothorax B. Continue with physical therapy as planned, there are no contraindications with a pneumothorax C. ROM/Bed mobility only as the patient is on bed restrictions D. Modify plan of care to patient's tolerance and specific contraindications E. Percussion over the chest tube, as the patient would benefit from loosening of secretions in the area

D. Modify plan of care to patient's tolerance and specific contraindications

Which of the following would be an appropriate functional activity for a child on long-term mechanical ventilation? A. Standing PNF diagonals with rotational movements that cross midline. B. Neck and shoulder girdle muscle strengthening in the prone position. C. Exercises that emphasize the development of righting reactions. D. Transfer training from the bed to assistive devices. E. All of the above.

E. All of the above.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding PT intervention of patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)? A. While in the acute phase, efforts are focused on maintaining and preserving joint function. B. Exercise in a warm pool is especially recommended during the acute inflammatory stage of joint disease. C. In the subacute and chronic stages, the focus is on restoration and compensation of function and activities. D. Passive ROM exercises should be considered in the acute stage to prevent pain and swelling of the joint sites. E. When ROM exercises are indicated to preserve joint motion and soft tissue extensibility, active ROM is preferred.

D. Passive ROM exercises should be considered in the acute stage to prevent pain and swelling of the joint sites.

A 5-year-old patient presents to a PT with a history of TBI sustained two years ago due to a MVA. The father is concerned because he can ambulate well with his RW but has trouble in school with maintaining his sitting balance especially when reaching for something at his side. Which of the following outcome measures would be BEST for assessing his sitting balance while reaching? A. Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition BOT-2 B. Timed Up and Go Test TUG C. Early Clinical Assessment of Balance ECAB D. Pediatric Reach Test PRT E. Pediatric Balance Scale PBS

D. Pediatric Reach Test PRT

All of the following statements are true about Brown-Séquard lesion, EXCEPT: A. Ipsilateral paralysis B. Ipsilateral proprioceptive loss C. Contralateral loss of pain and temperature D. Poor prognosis for bowel and bladder control E. Good prognosis for ambulation

D. Poor prognosis for bowel and bladder control

Which of the following is one of the two pieces of legislation that support individuals with disabilities applying and attending college/university? A. Children's Healthcare Options Improved through Collaborative Efforts and Services (CHOICES) B. The Individuals with Disability Act C. Health People 2020 D. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 E. Community Inclusion Model

D. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973

Your patient is an 8-year-old male with Cerebral Palsy, GMFCS Level 2. He ambulates without an assistive device but has a significant crouch gait. Which of the following would be the LEAST likely cause and/or contributor to his crouch gait? A. Hip flexion contracture B. Impaired motor control C. Knee flexion contracture D. Spasticity in the quads E. Weak plantar flexors

D. Spasticity in the quads

Which of the following does NOT correctly state the goal of the phases of gait? A. The goal of initial contact is to preposition the foot to begin the gait cycle B. The goal of loading response is to accept body weight while maintaining stability and progression C. The goal of midstance is to maintain trunk and limb stability for smooth progression over the stance foot D. The goal of pre-swing is to gain enough momentum to swing the leg forward E. The goal of initial swing is foot clearance and limb advancement

D. The goal of pre-swing is to gain enough momentum to swing the leg forward

You are performing an evaluation on a 12-year-old client with Spastic Diplegic CP functioning at a GMFCS Level I. You performed the Wingate Anaerobic Cycling. which demonstrate that the client scored 70% lower than his typically developing peers. What is one intervention that will improve this client's Wingate Cycling score? A. Bilateral LE BOSU balancing while ball tossing with PT in various directions B. Ladder climbing on playground equipment for 5 rounds. C. Three rounds of heel walking races against the PT along a 20-foot runway D. Three rounds of toe walking races against the PT along a 20-foot runway E. Treadmill walking for bouts of 10-12 minutes at an intensity of 60% of VO2max

D. Three rounds of toe walking races against the PT along a 20-foot runway

Which of the following factors would indicate a good prognosis for walking in a child with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)? A. Residual muscle strength (~50%) B. Absence of severe contracture C. Residual walking ability D. Child and family motivation E. All of these are factors that indicate a good prognosis for walking

E. All of these are factors that indicate a good prognosis for walking

Which of the following is FALSE regarding shoes that patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) should wear? A. Sneakers with a flexible sole, good arch support, and high heel cup are good choices for most children. B. A rockerlike addition to the sole of the shoe may provide a mechanical assist at toe-off for a child who has limited or painful toe hyperextension. C. Custom molded in-shoe orthoses can replace the standard insole to accommodate foot deformities and decrease pressure on those tender joints and provide relief. D. Patients should avoid wearing high heels. E. A shallow toe box with a large heel space for a child with swelling in the forefoot joints to distribute swelling evenly in the foot.

E. A shallow toe box with a large heel space for a child with swelling in the forefoot joints to distribute swelling evenly in the foot.

Which of the following is an important practice condition to consider and manipulate when designing an intervention in pediatric rehabilitation? A. Generalization B. Instruction Presentation C. Frequency of Feedback D. Practice Scheduling E. All of the Above

E. All of the Above

A concerned mom schedules an appointment for her 10-year old daughter. During the subjective interview, the mother expresses her concern that her daughter "is walking with her toes turned in". Which of the following measurements will you complete during the initial evaluation? A. Foot Progression Angle B. Thigh-Foot Angle C. Transmalleolar Axis D. Foot Alignment E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Children diagnosed with Sensory Processing Disorders, Sensory Modulation Disorders, and Sensory Motor Disorders, share similar neural network deficits with common associated conditions. Common associated condition(s) include which of the following? A. Autism Spectrum Disorder B. Developmental Coordination Disorder C. ADHD D. Cerebral Palsy E. All of the above

E. All of the above

When a child develops severe genu varum, especially after 4 years of age or it worsens over time, pathologic disorders should be ruled out. Which of the following is a documented cause of pathologic genu varum? A. Blount's disease B. Rickets C. Osteochondrodysplasia D. Excessive prenatal fluoride ingestion E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Which of the following are the impairments could be seen in an infant with Perinatal Brachial Plexus Injury? A. Positional Torticollis B. Plagiocephaly C. Overuse of one arm D. Self-mutilation of limb E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Which of the following is NOT a common side effect to patients using long-term mechanical ventilation? A. Developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or chronic lung disease of infancy (CLDI). B. General muscle weakness. C. Difficulties in communicating or feeding. D. Global developmental delays. E. Being limited to only in-bed activities or exercises.

E. Being limited to only in-bed activities or exercises.

Which of the following is true regarding visual development of newborns and infants? A. Optic nerve myelination is complete in the first few weeks after birth B. Most infants clearly perceive depth by about 2 months C. Newborns are not yet able to visually track a moving object in all planes (vertical, horizontal, or diagonal) D. Substantial changes and rapid visual development occur only during the first few weeks after birth E. By 8 months, infants no longer need kinetic cues to perceive partially obscured objects as whole

E. By 8 months, infants no longer need kinetic cues to perceive partially obscured objects as whole

Which of the following is NOT considered a predictor for success in postsecondary education for individuals with disabilities? A. High scores on a functional achievement inventory B. Completing instruction successfully in relevant curricular areas C. Participating in transition planning D. Parent satisfaction with secondary education E. Completing a job prior to postsecondary education

E. Completing a job prior to postsecondary education

Which of the following clinical problems are written in the CORRECT PICO format? A. For children with developmental coordination disorder, what improves motor function? B. Is bimanual coordination therapy more effective than constraint-induced movement therapy for children with hemiplegia? C. For infants with torticollis, what physical therapy interventions improve head and neck alignment? D. Is resistive exercise more effective than body weight supported training in maintaining the ability to walk? E. For children with spastic cerebral palsy, are Botox injections more effective than massage to decrease spasticity in the lower extremities?

E. For children with spastic cerebral palsy, are Botox injections more effective than massage to decrease spasticity in the lower extremities?

Skyler is a 9-year-old who is diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy GMFM Level 4. Which of the following pairs of outcome measures are the BEST to use with Skyler to evaluate gross motor function and care-giver assistance? A. Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) & Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS-2) B. Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS-2) & Bruninks - Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2) C. Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) & Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) D. Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) & Miller Function and Participation Scales (M-FUN) E. Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) & Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI-CAT)

E. Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) & Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI-CAT)

Which of the following is NOT a secondary impairment of asthma? A. Participation restrictions for the child in a summer soccer league B. Being shorter in height due to prolonged use of inhaled corticosteroids C. Financial impact on the family due to high costs of care D. Lower levels of patient activity leading to increased health risks E. Increased bone mineral density due to high doses of corticosteroid use

E. Increased bone mineral density due to high doses of corticosteroid use

All of the following are health-related complications in patients with cystic fibrosis except? A. Infertility B. Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy C. Osteopenia D. Recurrent bronchiolitis E. Obesity

E. Obesity

Spasticity management may be introduced during the preschool years for children with CP with the goal of preventing secondary impairments, ensuring comfort and ease of positioning, and improving functional movement. Which of the following is a surgical procedure that can possibly provide lasting functional gains for a child GMFCS levels II, aged 5 years, with spastic diplegia? A. Stretching B. Botox injections C. Oral Baclofen D. Intrathecal Baclofen pump E. Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy

E. Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy

1. Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 major attributes of typical walking? A. Adequate step length B. Appropriate prepositioning of the foot for initial contact C. Stability in stance D. Sufficient foot clearance in swing E. Weight acceptance

E. Weight acceptance

A physical therapist is treating a child with down syndrome and believes their decreased standing balance control is due to a common deficit caused by down syndrome. Which of the following interventions with the common corresponding impairment seen in down syndrome would be best for the physical therapist implement in the plan of care? A. Whole body vibration to decrease their spasticity B. Hippotherapy to manage impaired muscle recruitment patterns C. Orthotics to manage decreased range of motion caused by weakness and spasticity D. Whole body vibration to increase motivation for better compliance E. Orthotics to manage ligament laxity in the lower extremities

E. Orthotics to manage ligament laxity in the lower extremities

Which of the following factors is NOT a focus of physical therapy intervention for children diagnosed with intellectual disabilities? A. Communication development B. Self-determination C. Vocational planning D. Power mobility for children with limited prognosis for independent ambulation E. Preventing the development of primary impairments

E. Preventing the development of primary impairments

Which of the following is NOT an issue of school based physical therapy? A. Shortage of physical therapist B. Therapists new to the educational environment C. Reimbursement for services D. Overlap of professional roles E. Substantial lack of communication between staff

E. Substantial lack of communication between staff

A physical therapist is treating a patient with cerebral palsy, and during the evaluation significant sagittal plane muscle weakness, increased tone, and incoordination are noted. Which of the following interventions for balance training would NOT be appropriate to treat this patient? A. Concentric and eccentric exercises B. Whole body vibration C. Antigravity treadmill training D. Aquatic therapy E. Supramalleolar orthoses

E. Supramalleolar orthoses

All of the following factors should be considered in designing a treatment program for a patient with cystic fibrosis except: A. Age of patient B. Financial position of the patient and family C. Disease presentation and severity D. Child's goals E. Therapist convenience

E. Therapist convenience

All of the following are ways children differ from adults in the context of motor learning EXCEPT: A. Children have decreased information-processing capabilities compared to adults, which limits the amount and type of information they can process. B. The child's learning and development is influenced by physical maturation such as change in body mass and limb lengths. C. Children must overcome developmental disuse, in which they never learned how use a certain function/part of their body because it had yet to develop. D. Children require increased feedback in order to have greater success and less error in their performance. E. Young children always learn high level new skills best by random practice initially over short periods of time.

E. Young children always learn high level new skills best by random practice initially over short periods of time.

Which of the following is a type of central nervous system tumor that typically arises from the cerebellum? a. Astrocytoma b. Medulloblastoma c. Ependymoma d. Neuroblastoma e. Retinoblastoma

b. Medulloblastoma

Which of the following is NOT true regarding near drowning in children and adolescents? a) An accident can be classified as a near-drowning experience only if the child does not pass away, regardless of time following the incident. b) Boys ages 1-4 have the highest incidence of drowning c) Approximately one-third of children that survive a near drowning experience will have significant neurologic damage d) Most common causes of morbidity and mortality from near-drowning are hypoxemia and decreased oxygen delivery to vital organs e) There are two types of drowning: wet drowning and dry drowning

a) An accident can be classified as a near-drowning experience only if the child does not pass away, regardless of time following the incident.

A six-year-old child comes to a PT following a greenstick fracture to their left tibia. They have already completed treatment with their physician and are seeing PT for strengthening. The following are true in regard to designing a treatment plan EXCEPT? a) Children are like miniature adults and your treatment plan would be the same as for anyone in your clinic. b) Avoid exercise in a warm humid environment as children have immature temperature regulation and cannot respond as efficiently as adults. c) When measuring vital signs a child at this age will naturally have a higher resting HR and RR. d) Play activities such as running and jumping are good for rehabilitation as bones need forces applied through them to promote strengthening and healing. e) The treatment should include fun, play activities to increase the child's interest in the therapeutic interventions.

a) Children are like miniature adults and your treatment plan would be the same as for anyone in your clinic.

Which of the following has evidence to support decreasing the occurrence of myelodysplasia when taken prenatally? a) Folic acid b) Carbamazepine c) Increased fat intake d) Valproic Acid e) All of the above

a) Folic acid

A physical therapist has a new client with Autism Spectrum Disorder who she wants to assess. Which of the following tools can be used to assess impairments (NOT activity and participation) in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder? a) Sensory Profile 2 b) Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) c) Miller Function and Participation Scales d) Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) e) Preferences for Activities of Children (PAC)

a) Sensory Profile 2

All of the following are potential consequences associated with children with Developmental Coordination Disorder EXCEPT: a) Tendencies of self-harm. b) Poor self-care activities such as tying shoelaces and zipping up zippers. c) Physical inactivity. d) Decreased feelings of self-worth. e) Increased anxiety.

a) Tendencies of self-harm.

A 4-year-old boy comes to PT with elbow pain. He and his family were on a vacation to Disney World and his mother described how he did not want to leave and he had to be dragged out of the park. Which of the following is the best course of action? a) Test for a distraction injury as the age and mechanism of injury resembles that of a nursemaid's elbow. b) Use ultrasound on the elbow to help modulate his pain. c) Treat the elbow with vigorous weight training to increase the stability around the joint. d) Perform a manipulation of his elbow joint and schedule a follow up appointment in one week. e) Perform a Manual Muscle Test to assess strength of his elbow and wrist flexors and extensors.

a) Test for a distraction injury as the age and mechanism of injury resembles that of a nursemaid's elbow.

Which of the following modalities and interventions involve the HIGHEST risk of cross-contamination and infection from others? a) Whirlpool therapy b) Electrical stimulation c) Alginate dressing d) TENS e) Hyperbaric oxygen therapy

a) Whirlpool therapy

A physical therapist has a patient preparing discharge to home from acute care. During their stay, this patient progressed from using a wheelchair independently, then to walking with bilateral crutches with minimal assistance, and finally to walking independently, but requires occasional rest breaks for longer distances. Which of the following is MOST APPROPRIATE to include in the patient's discharge planning? a. Arrange for the patient to be DC'd home with a wheelchair for long distance mobility until the child's endurance improves b. Ensure the patient discharges with a walker c. Recommend to the family that the patient should see an orthotist to assist with gait deviations d. Recommend the patient should not be discharged until walking endurance improves e. The patient is ready for discharge and does not require any additional resources

a. Arrange for the patient to be DC'd home with a wheelchair for long distance mobility until the child's endurance improves

1. Which of the following is the most appropriate first-choice intervention for a 12-month-old toddler with left Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency to facilitate independence with mobility? a. Extension prosthesis with prosthetic knee joint b. Surgical above-knee amputation c. Femoral osteotomy with Syme amputation d. Axillary crutches e. Rotationplasty

a. Extension prosthesis with prosthetic knee joint

Which of the following tests and measures was specifically designed for a patient diagnosed with lower extremity sarcoma? a. Functional Mobility Assessment (FMA) b. Parent Fatigue Scale (PFS) c. Pediatric modified Total Neuropathy Score (peds-mTNS) d. Fatigue Scale-Adolescent (FS-A) e. The Childhood Fatigue Scale (CFS)

a. Functional Mobility Assessment (FMA)

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the early intervention evaluation and assessment? a. Norm-referenced tests and measures performed during the evaluation are valid for planning intervention and measuring change over time b. Assessments of both the child and family need to be done c. Goals and decision making must involve the therapist's professional judgement and the family's resources, priorities, and concerns d. Questions asked during the family interview should be open-ended e. The most meaningful observation occurs when a child is doing something enjoyable with a familiar adult or child

a. Norm-referenced tests and measures performed during the evaluation are valid for planning intervention and measuring change over time

Which of the following is NOT one of the causative factors for spondylosis? a. Osteoporosis b. Upright, bipedal position c. Genetic predisposition d. Repetitive loading of lumbar spine e. All of the above are causative factors for spondylosis

a. Osteoporosis

A new physical therapy order is placed for a patient who recently had an arterial line placed, which of the following is TRUE regarding an arterial line? a. The joint around the arterial line is stabilized on an IV board. b. An arterial line only intermittently monitors BP & pulse. c. An arterial line is only used when there are no longer sites for a peripheral IV to be inserted. d. An arterial line is predominantly usually used to give fluid and meds. e. More than one answer above is true.

a. The joint around the arterial line is stabilized on an IV board.

A physical therapist evaluates a 4-year-old child diagnosed with Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC) and recommends a hip-knee-ankle foot orthosis that will include a pelvic band. All of the following are reasons the addition of a pelvic band is beneficial for improving gait, EXCEPT: a. The pelvic band can diminish the need for hip strengthening. b. The pelvic band encourages neutral hip rotation. c. The pelvic band can facilitate full available hip extension. d. The pelvic band can help reduce or eliminate "jackknifing" at the hips. e. The pelvic band can be used as a pivot point for trunk extension.

a. The pelvic band can diminish the need for hip strengthening.

Which congenital heart defect is characterized by the aorta and pulmonary artery failing to separate in utero? a. Truncus arteriosus b. Total anomalous pulmonary venous return c. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome d. Tricuspid atresia e. Transposition of the great arteries

a. Truncus arteriosus

You notice a 5 year old boy with a BMI of 21 walking into the clinic with a unilateral limp and a right Trendelenburg sign. While taking your subjective, you were informed that he has right hip pain with no mechanism of injury, and no swelling present. As you continue into your evaluation, you note that he has decreased hip abduction and IR ROM. What is your course of action based on his clinical presentation? a. You suspect Leg Calves Perthes disease. Inform parent that the child needs to see a physician in the next 48 hours for imaging to be done and instruct to him to NWB /wheelchair until he sees his physician. b. You suspect Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis. You refer him out immediately. c. You take note of his impairments and discuss with the parent his goals for therapy. d. You educate the patient and parent about the findings and discuss the use of a SMO with PLS extension orthotic to help him with his gait deviations. e. You start him on high intensity training protocol to strengthen his hip musculature which is causing his pain and gait deviation.

a. You suspect Leg Calves Perthes disease. Inform parent that the child needs to see a physician in the next 48 hours for imaging to be done and instruct to him to NWB /wheelchair until he sees his physician.

All of the following are true about TBI in children and adolescents EXCEPT: a) The most frequent cause of TBI in adolescents is motor vehicle accident b) Poor socio-environmental factors, such as crowded neighborhoods, do not place a child at increased risk for TBI c) Attention deficit disorder has been associated with increased risk of accidental injury d) Males between the ages of 15-20 have a higher incidence of TBI e) TBI is the most common cause of acquired disability in children

b) Poor socio-environmental factors, such as crowded neighborhoods, do not place a child at increased risk for TBI

A 7-year-old girl is admitted to acute care after suffering a brown recluse spider bite, causing tissue necrosis on the dorsal side of her left hand. Which of the following debridement techniques risks removing healthy, viable tissue along with necrotic tissue? a) Sharp debridement b) Pulsed irrigation c) Enzymatic debridement d) Autolytic debridement e) Selective debridement

b) Pulsed irrigation

According to the National Highway Transportation and Safety Administration (NHTSA), American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and federal law, infants and toddlers should remain in a rear-facing-only seat or rear-facing convertible car seat until at least the age of: a. 12 months b. 24 months c. 30 months d. 36 months e. 42 months

b. 24 months

A 1-month-old infant with a diagnosis of Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC) is presented to physical therapy for an evaluation. Which of the following is TRUE about stretching and splinting an infant with AMC? a. For the first 3 to 4 months, anterior thermoplastic knee flexion or posterior knee extension splints can only be worn up to 5 hours per day. b. A stretching program with 3 to 5 sets a day with 3-5 repetitions per set is appropriate. c. Each individual stretch should be held for a minimum of 2 minutes. d. Hand splints may be prescribed to this patient. e. Stretches should be performed no more than twice per day.

b. A stretching program with 3 to 5 sets a day with 3-5 repetitions per set is appropriate.

What are the ABC's of family engagement? a. Attitude, Behavioral, and Communication b. Affective, Behavioral, and Cognitive c. Affective, Behavioral, and Confidence d. Affective, Business, and Competence e. Action, Beliefs, and Confidence

b. Affective, Behavioral, and Cognitive

When performing a physical therapy examination on a 14-month-old, the clinician must evaluate across the three ICF domains of body structure and function, activities, and participation. The CMT clinical practice guidelines describe seven key body structure and function elements to examine. What examination tool is the MOST appropriate when measuring the degree of bilateral passive cervical rotation and lateral flexion? a. Argenta Clinical Classification Scale b. Arthrodial Protractor c. Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) Scale d. Muscle Function Scale e. Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP)

b. Arthrodial Protractor

Which of the following is NOT included in the intervention step of the HAAT (human/activity/assistive technology model) selection process for assistive technology (AT)? a. Child and family try out options for AT b. Changes associated with the AT are documented, including activity and participation c. The team selects the AT system and services to implement a system that will provide maximal independence based on the child's diagnosis and prognosis d. The system is ordered, delivered, and fit to the user e. The team may be responsible for gathering prescriptions and writing letters of medical need

b. Changes associated with the AT are documented, including activity and participation

What should be avoided during the initial stages of rehabilitation for a child with Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy? a. Concentric contractions b. Eccentric contractions c. Cycling program d. Isometric contractions e. Stretching program

b. Eccentric contractions

4. A 7-month-old infant with a congenital transverse above elbow limb deficiency is referred to you for evaluation and treatment by their pediatrician with concern that the child is not meeting their gross motor developmental milestones. The child has not yet begun to pull to sit independently, sit without use of dominant arm for propping, or attempt to assume the quadruped position. Based on your observation of the child's functional mobility during your initial evaluation you decide to include which of the following in your plan of care? a. Immediately conclude delays are a result of congenital anomaly and refer the child back to their pediatrician for genetic testing b. Educate the parents on upper extremity prosthetic options to promote symmetrical weight bearing on arms to facilitate ease of transition between positions c. Ensure the parents that there is no concern for developmental delays as the child is too young to begin pulling to sit, sitting or assuming the quadruped position independently d. Prescribe exercises to strengthen their dominant limb to substitute for functional limitations of the deficit limb e. Physical therapists do not treat the upper extremity; therefore, this patient should be referred to occupational therapy for upper extremity rehabilitation

b. Educate the parents on upper extremity prosthetic options to promote symmetrical weight bearing on arms to facilitate ease of transition between positions

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about people with osteogenesis imperfecta? a. Children and teens with OI are often overprotective as a result of recurrent fractures and can contribute to social isolation. b. Most adults with OI have cognitive and intellectual disabilities that contribute to lifelong dependency. c. Some children with OI can obtain a fracture with minimal trauma. d. Adolescents with OI usually have scoliosis, kyphosis, if not both. e. Adolescents with moderate to severe OI typically have marked bowing of long bones.

b. Most adults with OI have cognitive and intellectual disabilities that contribute to lifelong dependency.

A physical therapist is working in the pediatric oncology department. Their patient has a previous medical history which includes a medication known as Vincristine. Which of the following is an adverse effect of this chemotherapeutic agent? a. Cognitive deficits b. Peripheral neuropathy c. Osteonecrosis d. Skin discoloration e. Apraxia of speech

b. Peripheral neuropathy

Which type of loading according to the Hueter-Volkman principle will stimulate the most amount of even bone growth? a. Asymmetrical shear forces b. Symmetrical longitudinal forces with decreased static loading c. Asymmetrical compressive forces with excessive static loading d. Symmetrical compressive forces with excessive compressive loading e. Statically loading a bone perpendicular to the direction of growth

b. Symmetrical longitudinal forces with decreased static loading

Which of the following is TRUE regarding "tet spells" in children with tetralogy of fallot? a. Tet spells are an increase in oxygenation to the body. b. Tet spells can be relieved by squatting or bringing knees to chest. c. Tet spells are managed by decreasing blood volume. d. Tet spells are usually asymptomatic. e. None of the above.

b. Tet spells can be relieved by squatting or bringing knees to chest.

A physical therapist is working within the pediatric acute care hospital setting. During chart review, the patient's hemoglobin (hgb) level is noted at 9.8 g/100mL. Which of the following is the MOST APPROPRIATE next step for the physical therapist? a. Treat the patient without precautions because 9.8 g/100mL falls within the normal levels of hgb b. Treat the patient but note 9.8 g/100mL falls below the normal values of hgb and consider the patient's subjective reporting during treatment c. Treat the patient without precautions because exercise can help increase hemoglobin levels d. Treatment is contraindicated because 9.8g/100ml falls below the normal values for hgb e. Treatment is contraindicated and notify the physician that the patient requires a blood transfusion

b. Treat the patient but note 9.8 g/100mL falls below the normal values of hgb and consider the patient's subjective reporting during treatment

"Sensory Integration", was originally defined by Ayers in 1977, however, continues to represent term used interchangeably between Sensory Processing Disorders, Sensory Modulation Disorders, and Sensory-Based Motor Disorders. "Sensory Integration", as it was originally defined, is BEST described as: A. a specific subtype of sensory processing disorder that emphasizes hyper- and hypo- responses to stimuli. B. a field of study and theory focusing on individuals who demonstrated atypical behavioral responses to sensory stimulation. C. a condition that originally described symptoms to sensory stimulation as interactions between the neocortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. D. a condition focusing on appropriate behavior and integrity of prefrontal-hippocampal interactions E. used Electroencephalography (EEG) and event-related potentials (ERPs) to study the relationship between behavioral performance and brain structure and function.

b. a field of study and theory focusing on individuals who demonstrated atypical behavioral responses to sensory stimulation.

A physical therapist decides to volunteer his time educating local Physical Education coaches about recommendations for creating activity plans for children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. Which of the following would NOT be a recommendation? a) Modify activity equipment to include using beanbags or Nerf balls b) Emphasis on encouraging effort and participation rather than proficiency c) Inclusion of competitive type games d) Divide the class into smaller groups allowing greater opportunities for student success e) With new activities, give children with DCD the opportunity to be the model while instructions are given

c) Inclusion of competitive type games

Hours after a motor vehicle accident, a patient with an integumentary injury presents with redness, increased skin temperature, swelling, and localized pain. Based on these characteristics, the wound is MOST likely in which phase of healing? a) Proliferation b) Epithelialization c) Inflammation d) Maturation e) Scar Formation

c) Inflammation

All of the following can be considered factors in excluding Development Coordination Disorder as a PT diagnosis EXCEPT: a) Recent head injury/trauma. b) Evidence of asymmetrical muscle tone present. c) Motor difficulties begin early in development. d) Progressive deterioration of previously acquired skills. e) Gower's sign

c) Motor difficulties begin early in development.

A physical therapist is treating a 5-year-old s/p TBI that is responsive to the environment but refuses to follow requests by shaking his head "no". The PT deduces that this child would be classified as agitated and confused. Which of the following Rancho Level of Cognitive Functioning categories best describes this patient? a) Pediatric Level V-III b) Adult level VI-VIII c) Pediatric Level II d) Adult Level IV-V e) Adult Level I-III

c) Pediatric Level II

A physical therapist is trying to find other therapeutic interventions to use with her client who has Autism Spectrum Disorder. Which of the following is a therapeutic intervention that is commonly used by therapists with children who have ASD but does not have strong evidence to back it up? a) Modeling interventions b) Parent training interventions c) Sensory processing interventions d) Language production training interventions e) Cognitive-behavioral interventions

c) Sensory processing interventions

The parent of a 12 y.o with Developmental Coordination Disorder asks a physical therapist about possible sport activities her daughter should participate in. Which of the following activities would be the best recommendation for a child with Developmental Coordination Disorder? a) Football b) Soccer c) Swimming d) Volleyball e) Basketball

c) Swimming

A physical therapist just began working in an outpatient pediatric clinic and is trying to learn more about the diagnostic criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder. According to the DSM-V, all of the following are criteria for the diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder, EXCEPT: a) Restricted repetitive patterns of behavior, interest, or activities b) Deficits in social communication and social interaction c) Symptoms must impact every domain of life d) Symptoms must be present from an early developmental period e) Disturbances are not better explained by an intellectual disability or global developmental delay

c) Symptoms must impact every domain of life

Which of the following about the development of a child's skeletal system is FALSE. a) Bones cease growing in length at around age 20 with the closure of the epiphyseal plates at the ends of long bones. b) Bones of children are more ductile due to a thicker periosteum and a high concentration of cartilage than their adult counterparts. c) The fontanelles or "soft spots" located between the cranial plates close around age 2 which is the ideal time to apply a cranial orthosis. d) Compressive force applied through the epiphyseal plates could reduce bone growth. e) Primary ossification centers are the first part of the bone to ossify and are located in the center of the newly formed bone.

c) The fontanelles or "soft spots" located between the cranial plates close around age 2 which is the ideal time to apply a cranial orthosis.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding patient care for a child with an acquired brain injury (ABI) once they have returned home from the hospital? a) Once the patient is discharged from the hospital, children do not typically need to receive further PT services including outpatient physical therapy. b) Children are not encouraged to participate in sports at school. c) When recommending assistive devices for children, the PT should consider cosmesis and lifestyle of the patient and their family in addition to patient impairment and functional abilities. d) After an ABI the PT should only educate the parents on adjustments to a new lifestyle. e) A home-based physical therapy program has not been found to be effective for children with an ABI.

c) When recommending assistive devices for children, the PT should consider cosmesis and lifestyle of the patient and their family in addition to patient impairment and functional abilities.

A 7-year-old boy with Spina Bifida myelomeningocele functioning at an L4 level will typically function in the manner of: a. Independent community ambulation without the need of an assistive device or orthosis b. Bilateral SMO's for community ambulation c. Bilateral KAFO's or AFO's and forearm crutches for household ambulation and a wheelchair for community distances d. A wheelchair is needed for all mobility e. Patient is dependent with transfers and ADL's

c. Bilateral KAFO's or AFO's and forearm crutches for household ambulation and a wheelchair for community distances

Which of these patient populations would augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices benefit the LEAST? a. Children who require assistance in following along while reading from a book b. Individuals with a temporary limitation in expression due to illness or injury c. Children with severe motor impairments who have trouble with voluntary motor participation in sports d. Individuals in speech therapy looking to facilitate their in-person treatment sessions e. None, augmentative and alternative communication devices assist with all functions equally

c. Children with severe motor impairments who have trouble with voluntary motor participation in sports

A 9-year-old child with Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC) recently transferred to a new school. Following the evaluation, it was determined that the child will be needing school-based physical therapy services. As the school physical therapist, which of these intervention strategies and modifications are NOT appropriate for this child with AMC to successfully function in an educational environment? a. Encourage peer interaction on the playground during recess b. Advocate for any needed adaptive equipment c. Create a structured schedule based only on parents' input d. Facilitate use of assistive technology as needed e. Enable child to participate in physical education classes and adaptive sports

c. Create a structured schedule based only on parents' input

What is the PRIMARY role of a physical therapist in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit? a. Adjusting the setting on the incubators b. Assist nursing staff with position changes c. Developmentally supportive care of the patient d. Follow patient as early interventionist after D/C e. Massage interventions to normalize tone

c. Developmentally supportive care of the patient

A 6-month-old infant presents with a 25-degree restriction of passive cervical rotation to the left and an SCM mass. How would you categorize the infant's level of CMT severity? a. Grade 1: Early Mild b. Grade 2: Early Moderate c. Grade 3: Early Severe d. Grade 4: Late Mild e. Grade 5: Late Moderate

c. Grade 3: Early Severe

Which of the following are NOT warning signs or symptoms of shunt dysfunction in children diagnosed with a form of myelodysplasia? a. Decreased school performance b. Headache c. Hearing Loss d. Irritability e. Seizures

c. Hearing Loss

What should a physical therapist AVOID when treating a patient who presents with osteonecrosis in the ankles? a. Strengthening the muscles around the joint b. Aerobic exercise c. High-impact activities d. Gait training with crutches e. ROM exercises

c. High-impact activities

You are working in a pediatric outpatient clinic and you are about to treat a patient who has been diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for progression of the curve? a. Younger patient b. S curve c. Higher Risser sign d. Female e. Lower Risser sign

c. Higher Risser sign

Which of the following is NOT a part of Healthy People's 2020 goals for people with disabilities? A. Greater access to health B. Wellness C. Higher rates of secondary education D. Assistive technology E. Treatment programs

c. Higher rates of secondary education

A ten-year-old male presents to your clinic with deficits in posture and flexibility in his upper and lower extremities. His mother states that his sit and reach scores on his FITNESSGRAM Test indicate below normal averages. The child and his mother both have a goal for the child to join a sport that will help address his flexibility. Which of the following physical activities would be most specific in addressing the child`s deficits? A. Boxing B. Cross Country Skiing C. Judo D. Weightlifting E. Wrestling

c. Judo

A therapist providing early intervention services notices that the child's parent always seems uninterested in their child's therapy session and completes house chores instead. Which of the following responses from the physical therapist would be inappropriate? a. Share with the family how much their role is valued during therapy sessions b. Ask what they would like the focus of the session to be c. Parent involvement should never be encouraged during therapy sessions and the physical therapist should not address this d. Incorporate house chores into the session e. Agree on a balance, so the family has time to accomplish chores and participate in session activities

c. Parent involvement should never be encouraged during therapy sessions and the physical therapist should not address this

2. An 8-year-old female is referred to you after undergoing a Rotationplasty of her right leg secondary to Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency. She has been fit for a custom extension prosthesis to address her leg length discrepancy and restore functional mobility. Her anatomical right ankle is now at the level of her left knee and will function to control the prosthetic knee. She is currently unable to clear her prosthesis to advance forward due to the weight of the prosthesis limiting her knee flexion during swing. Which muscle group will you choose to strengthen during your therapy session to increase her right "knee" flexion range of motion? a. Right biceps femoris b. Right rectus femoris c. Right anterior tibialis d. Right gastrocsoleus e. Right gluteus maximus

c. Right anterior tibialis

Which of the following is NOT an indication for orthotic use for idiopathic scoliosis? a. Risser sign of 0 b. Risser sign of 2 c. Risser sign of 3 d. Cobb angle of 30° e. Cobb angle of 40°

c. Risser sign of 3

Which of the following is NOT a prominent impairment in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)? a. Osteoporosis b. Joint laxity c. Spasticity d. Contractures e. Recurrent fractures

c. Spasticity

Which of the following is NOT true regarding pulmonary management of a patient with congenital heart disease following cardiac surgery? a. Pulmonary percussion techniques may be contraindicated when the patient's platelets are low. b. Early extubation results in decreased costs, early mobility, and fewer pulmonary complications. c. The most effective position for improving pulmonary ventilation is supine. d. Incentive spirometry can decrease the occurrence of atelectasis. e. Pulmonary vibration can typically be performed when pulmonary percussion is contraindicated.

c. The most effective position for improving pulmonary ventilation is supine.

After immobilization in the shortened position, which of the following is TRUE about muscle properties? a. There is a decreased change in sarcomeres b. The muscle is more compliant immediately after immobilization c. The muscle presents shorter and stiffer after immobilization d. Tendon length decreases e. A flatter length tension curve is achieved

c. The muscle presents shorter and stiffer after immobilization

All of the following are contraindicated for handling infants with mild to severe osteogenesis imperfecta, EXCEPT: a. Passive stretching to asses ROM. b. Muscle testing through a modified version of MMT. c. Use of FLACC scale for pain assessment. d. Recommending diaper changes by lifting baby by their ankles. e.Overdress infant to prevent possible bruising and/or fractures

c. Use of FLACC scale for pain assessment.

A pediatric patient with decreased sensation due to spina bifida has developed a pressure ulcer near the sacrum after prolonged bed rest. Upon examination of the wound, the ulcer has penetrated through skin and into subcutaneous tissue and fat, while the patient has no symptoms of pain. What stage should the pressure ulcer be documented as? a) Stage 1 b) Stage 2 c) Stage 3 d) Stage 4 e) Unstageable

d) Stage 4

A 10-year-old is referred to physical therapy following an acquired brain injury (ABI) 1 week ago. Which of the following is NOT an expected behavior seen in children following an ABI? a) The patient becomes very upset and begins screaming after not making a basketball goal on the first attempt. b) The patient's caregiver states the patient is becoming dependent on him for daily tasks such as donning and doffing orthoses. c) The child can recall facts such as the current president but cannot learn any new motor skills. d) The child can sit quietly and focus on one task of matching objects while in a loud busy gym area. e) The child is unable to follow simple commands to play Simon Says

d) The child can sit quietly and focus on one task of matching objects while in a loud busy gym area.

Which of the following is a subtype of the congenital condition myelodysplasia? a) Spina Bifida Myelomeningocele b) Lipomeningocele c) Diastematomyelia d) Myelocystocele e) All of the above

e) All of the above

When performing physical therapy on a patient with a history of heart transplantation, what should the physical therapist consider or include in their treatment plan? a. Include adequate warm up and cool down time b. Understand that the patient will have a lower resting HR c. Side-effects of antirejection medications d. Answers A and C e. All of the above

d. Answers A and C

Which of the following is NOT an advantage for using a Computerized Tomography (CT) scans within the pediatric population? a. CT is a quick, non-invasive technique. b. CT can be used for bone, soft tissue disorders, tumors, abdominal trauma, and head trauma. c. CT is 100x more sensitive than a plain film X-ray. d. CT allows children and infants to lay still more easily than other forms of imaging. e. All of the above are true.

d. CT allows children and infants to lay still more easily than other forms of imaging.

Which of these functional body systems is adaptive seating LEAST likely to have a positive effect on? a. Neuromuscular system b. Cardiopulmonary system c. Musculoskeletal system d. Endocrine system e. Integumentary system

d. Endocrine system

Which of the following is NOT included among the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) key muscles for motor level classification? a. Elbow flexors b. Elbow extensors c. Hip flexors d. Hip extensors e. Wrist extensors

d. Hip extensors

A 4-month-old infant is referred to you for evaluation and treatment of CMT by the pediatrician whom noticed persistent tilting of the head to one side. Upon examination, you document right cervical rotation and right lateral flexion during your screen and redness in the right neck fold. The rest of the examination appears normal. Based on these results, what is the NEXT step in your plan of care? a. Inform the parents that this is a normal finding; begin first-choice interventions such as cervical PROM exercises and AROM. b. Inform the parents that this is a normal finding; provide TOT cervical collar and educate the parents on importance of infant repositioning and environmental adaptations. c. Inform the parents that this is a normal finding; provide cranial positioning device and teach home exercise progression. d. Inform the parents that this is an atypical finding; referral for orthopedic consultation. e. Inform the parents that this is an atypical finding; red flag indicates immediate microcurrent intervention.

d. Inform the parents that this is an atypical finding; referral for orthopedic consultation.

A 10-year-old girl diagnosed with myelodysplasia presents to outpatient physical therapy for an evaluation with general decreased strength in the lower extremities. Which of the following is NOT a common associated impairment that a physical therapist may expect to find? a. Upper limb discoordination b. Skin breakdown c. Hydrocephalus d. Lower extremity muscle hypertrophy e. Cognitive dysfunction

d. Lower extremity muscle hypertrophy

Because of the high incidence of SCIWORA, particularly in children younger than 10 years of age, what type of imaging is indicated for all children who have sustained a SCI? a. Plain Radiograph b. CT c. DXA d. MRI e. PET

d. MRI

A 7-month-old infant is referred to physical therapy for treatment of cranial deformation (CD) due to cumulative supine positioning and infrequent tummy time. The infant presents with left CMT and a parallelogram shaped skull, with lateral occipital flattening on the right. Based on the infant's presentation and skull distortion, what is the most appropriate CD classification? a. Brachycephaly (DB) b. Craniosynotosis c. Dolicholcephaly d. Plagiocephaly (DP) e. Scaphocephaly

d. Plagiocephaly (DP)

A physical therapist intends to address dynamic head and trunk control, bimanual grasp, and upper and lower body dissociation with a 2-year-old patient. The therapist decides to practice these skills in the park on a swing. Which element of early interventions is this therapist incorporating? a. Team Collaboration b. Evaluation and Assessment c. Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) d. Providing services in natural environments e. Transition planning

d. Providing services in natural environments

Which disease is the MOST important cause of death in preterm infants? a. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia b. Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome c. Periventricular Leukomalacia d. Respiratory Distress Syndrome e. Tetralogy of Fallot

d. Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Which of the following is the correct name for a single curve scoliosis with convexity towards the right, concavity towards the left, and apex located at T8? a. Right thoracic S curve b. Left lumbar C curve c. Right lumbar C curve d. Right thoracic C curve e. Left thoracic S curve

d. Right thoracic C curve

3. The ____ is the portion of the prosthesis that makes contact with and disperses pressure around the residual limb. a. Suspension mechanism b. Prosthetic foot c. Shank d. Socket e. Hydraulic knee unit

d. Socket

Julio is an 11-month-old infant with a moderate type of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). He exhibits good head control and is now ready to begin developmental activities to promote the beginning of protected weight bearing through his lower extremities. Which of the following exercises would be MOST appropriate for him based on our goal? a. Pull-to-stand exercises to begin weight bearing through his legs. Pulling from his forearms instead from his hands. b. Rolling from prone to supine and back to work on core activation. c. Unsupported sidelying activities to promote weight bearing through the elongated side. d. Straddle roll activity supported at the pelvis to encourage partial weightbearing of lower extremities. e. Mom should purchase a baby walker/jumping seat to begin encouraging partial weightbearing through lower extremities.

d. Straddle roll activity supported at the pelvis to encourage partial weightbearing of lower extremities.

What is the best way to measure hip extension in patients with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy WITHOUT a significant hip flexion contracture? a. Thomas Test b. Mundale method c. Pelvic femoral angle d. Prone hip extension e. None of the above, hip extension cannot be measured in any

d. prone hip extension

Which of the following best describes Family-Centered Care in the context of early intervention? a. Family-Centered Care trains families to be the sole provider of therapy services for their child b. Family-Centered Care places all of the decision-making power in the family's control and allows for minimal input from the therapist c. Family-Centered Care is a federal legislation aimed at providing services for infants and toddlers with developmental disabilities from birth to 3 years of age d. Family-Centered Care is a paradigm where the professional acknowledges the family's priorities and concerns, but ultimately holds all the decision-making power in the child's plan of care e. Family-centered care is a process that respects the rights and roles of family members while providing intervention to achieve child and family outcomes that promote well-being and quality of life

e. Family-centered care is a process that respects the rights and roles of family members while providing intervention to achieve child and family outcomes that promote well-being and quality of life

Which of the following is NOT one of four main factors for which a patient abandons their assistive technology? a. Priorities of the user are not incorporated b. Lack of consideration of the child and family's input c. Difficulty of procurement d. Poor performance e. Lack of a rehabilitative engineer

e. Lack of a rehabilitative engineer

Which of these symptoms or signs is not a typical pain response in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unitinfant? a. Dilated pupils b. Grimacing c. Increased heart rate d. Limb extension e. Limb flexion

e. Limb flexion

A physical therapist is evaluating a pediatric client in an outpatient orthopedic setting. She is 14 years old, active in sports, and complains of "constant and dull" knee pain that worsens at night. She first noticed the pain 6 months ago. The physical therapist notices red flags and refers the client for screening for which of the following cancers? a. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma b. Rhabdomyosarcoma c. Wilms' Tumor d. Ependymomas e. Osteosarcoma

e. Osteosarcoma

When developing a strength and endurance exercise program for a 12-year-old patient with a MILD type of osteogenesis imperfecta, you can include all of the following, EXCEPT: a. Progressive resistive exercises using incremental weights b. Aquatic therapy c. Adaptive sports activities d. Computer-assisted physical activity e. Play football at his middle school

e. Play football at his middle school

5. A 12-year-old male comes to your clinic for an initial evaluation of his right knee through the new direct access laws. During the PT examination and evaluation, you find reason to suspect a non-musculoskeletal condition requiring further medical workup to rule out a malignant bone tumor of the distal femur. All of the following clinical exam findings contribute to your suspicions except: a. Child and parent do not report a specific mechanism of injury b. Persistent pain for greater than 3 months, with delayed physical therapy intervention c. Child underwent a recent growth spurt d. Tenderness to palpation with a palpable mass e. Recreation of pain with manual muscle testing

e. Recreation of pain with manual muscle testing

Which of the following is NOT true regarding a ventral septal defect (VSD)? a. VSD can cause pulmonary hypertension b. VSD is the most common congenital heart defect c. Left ventricular failure may occur from a large VSD. d. Eisenmenger syndrome may occur if shunting of blood switches from right to left in a patient with VSD. e. VSD is a cyanotic defect.

e. VSD is a cyanotic defect.