PEDS Quiz 1B

The theorist known for his work on cognitive development is: A. Freud B. Kohlberg C. Piaget D. Erikson

C. Piaget

A nurse in a pediatric clinic nurse is talking with a parent of a toddler. The parent tells the nurse that her toddler drinks a quart of milk a day. The nurse should recognize that the toddler is at risk for which of the following disorders? A. Iron-deficiency anemia B. Rickets C. Diabetes mellitus D. Obesity

A. Iron deficiency anemia

A mother expresses concern about her preschool-age daughter to a nurse. The mother states, "She was talking to an imaginary person yesterday." Which of the following questions should the nurse ask in response to the mother's statement? A. "Did the imaginary person have a name?" B. "Does your child have temper tantrums?" C. "How well does your child play with others?" D. "Have you noticed any other unusual behaviors?"

A. "Did the imaginary person have a name?" Rationale: Play is important to the preschool-age child. Pretending becomes reality for children at this age. Imaginary friends often come into being when the child is 2 1⁄2 to 3 years of age. Imaginary friends typically disappear by the time the child goes to school. The nurse should reassure the parent that this is an expected, healthy behavior. Parents should be encouraged to acknowledge the imaginary friend, call the friend by name, and even participate in play

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about nutritional considerations with a parent of a toddler. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates understanding of the teaching? A. "My child should drink no more than 720 mL of milk a day." B. "My child's average daily intake should be 2,000 calories." C. "I should limit my child's apple juice intake to 20 ounces a day." D. "I should allow my child 10 minutes to eat each meal."

A. "My child should drink no more than 720 mL of milk a day." Rationale: Children need an adequate protein intake to cover maintenance needs and to provide for optimum growth. Milk should be limited to no more than 720 mL (24 oz) a day.

5. How many erupted teeth would the nurse expect a healthy 8-month-old infant to have? A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8

A. 2

A nurse is planning care for a 4-year-old child who has been admitted to the hospital. Which of the following toys should the nurse plan to provide the child? A. Modeling clay B. Brightly-colored mobile C. 100-piece jigsaw puzzle D. Checkerboard and checkers

A. Modeling clay

A parent asks a nurse about toys to provide for a 10-month-old infant. Which of the following toys should the nurse suggest? A. Push-pull toy B. Crib gym C. Large-piece puzzles D. Coloring book with crayons

A. Push-pull toy

A nurse is preparing to administer vaccines to a 4-month-old infant. Which of the following vaccines should the nurse plan to administer? A. Rotavirus B. Influenza C. Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) D. Varicella (VAR)

A. Rotavirus

6. What characteristic of physical development best describes the development of an 8-month-old? A. Sits steadily alone B. Shows preference for one hand C. Cruises on furniture D. Development of tears appear

A. Sits steadily alone

A nurse is collecting data from a 3-year-old child. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Stands on one foot for a few seconds B. Has vocabulary of 1,500 words C. Ties shoelaces D. Throws ball over head

A. Stands on one foot for a few seconds

A nurse is collecting data from a preschool age child during a routine wellness checkup. Which of the following findings indicates the need for further evaluation? A. The child has a blood pressure 122/80 mm Hg. B. The child is crying and states, "I do not want a shot." C. The child has a respiratory rate of 25/min. D. The child is sitting on the exam table pretending to be in a boat surrounded by sharks.

A. The child has a blood pressure 122/80 mmHg. Rationale: The expected reference range for BP by age and height in a preschool age boy is 86/44 to 115/77. For the preschool age girl, it is 86/47 to 114/78. A finding of 122/80 is outside the expected reference range and requires further evaluation.

A nurse is collecting data from a 3-month-old infant. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? A. The infant is unable to raise his head when in a prone position. B. The infant is unable to sit without support. C. The infant is unable to roll from back to abdomen. D. The infant is unable to use a pincer grasp to pick up objects.

A. The infant is unable to raise his head when in a prone position. Rationale: A 3-month-old infant should be able to raise her head to a 45 or 90° angle from a prone position. The nurse should report this finding to the provider.

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about car seat safety with a parent of an infant who weighs 4.5 kg (10 lb). Which of the following actions by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. The infant's car seat is positioned rear-facing in the back seat B. Positions the car seat forward-facing in the back seat C. Secures the infant's shoulder harness straps by placing a blanket under the infant D. Secures the seat belt over the center of the car seat

A. The infant's car seat is positioned rear-facing in the back seat

What is the cause of most childhood deaths? A. Unintentional Injuries B. Choking C. SIDS D. Disease

A. Unintentional Injuries

A mother reports that she and her husband have had one child together, but both have children from previous marriages living in their home. The nurse will base the care planning on what type of family? A. Nuclear B. Blended C. Alternate D. Extended

B. Blended Rationale: blended family involves the remarriage of persons with children

What is the most appropriate toy for the nurse to select for a normal 2-year-old child? A. Bicycle with training wheels B. Dump truck C. Wind-up toy D. Building block set

B. Dump truck

A nurse is collecting data from a 4-year-old child. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Respiratory rate 32/min B. Heart rate 110/min C. Weight gain of 0.9 kg (2 lb) in a year D. Capillary refill greater than 3 seconds

B. Heart rate 110/min Rationale: A heart rate of 110/min is an expected finding for a 4-year-old child. The expected heart rate for a 4-year-old child has an average of 108/min with a range between 73 to 137/min

When asked about her activities, a 10-year-old girl responded, I like school. I play the flute in the school band, and I take tennis lessons. What does the nurse know these activities will help this child develop? A. Initiative B. Industry C. Identity D. Intimacy

B. Industry Rationale: The school-age period is referred to by Erikson as the stage of industry. Successful participation in activities facilitates the child's sense of industry.

The theorist known for his work on moral development is: A. Freud B. Kohlberg C. Piaget D. Erikson

B. Kohlberg

A nurse in a pediatrician's office is reinforcing teaching with the parents of a 24-month-old toddler. Which of the following activities should the nurse recommend? A. Using scissors B. Playing with pull toys C. Jumping rope D. Catching a ball

B. Playing with pull toys Rationale: Playing with pull toys is an appropriate activity for a toddler. Toddlers enjoy pulling toys, as well as filling and emptying containers. The toddler enjoys imitative play, such as pushing and pulling a toy vacuum.

A nurse is collecting data from a 10-month-old infant. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? A. The infant is unable to recognize objects by name B. The infant does not sit steadily without support. C. The infant cannot turn the pages in a book. D. The infant will not play peek-a-boo.

B. The infant does not sit steadily without support. Rationale: The ability to sit steadily without support is a gross motor skill attained by 8 months of age. A 10-month-old infant should be able to change from a prone to sitting position, stand while holding onto furniture, and lift one foot while standing. The delay might not indicate a significant problem, but it should be evaluated by the provider.

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about nutrition with a parent of a toddler. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Toddlers have increased appetites. B. Toddlers have a decreased nutritional need. C. Offer foods that are mixed together. D. Fill the plate with multiple food choices.

B. Toddlers have a decreased nutritional need.

A nurse is collecting data regarding the pain level of a 3-year-old child on the second postoperative day following an appendectomy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Use a numeric scale to assess the child's pain level. B. Use the FACES scale to assess the child's pain level. C. Use a color tool to assess the child's pain level. D. Use the Visual Analog Scale to assess the child's pain level.

B. Use the FACES scale to assess the child's pain level.

The mother of a 4-year-old child tells a nurse that her child is reluctant to go to bed at night. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A. "Allow your child an additional 30 minutes of play time before bed." B. "Let your child sleep in your bed with you." C. "Keep a night light on in your child's room." D. "Stay with your child until he is asleep if he begins to cry."

C. "Keep a night light on in your child's room."

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with new parents about risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Which of the following statements by a parent indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "Our baby will sleep in my bed because I am breastfeeding." B. "I do not plan to offer my baby a pacifier during naps or at bedtime." C. "My baby will be placed on her back when sleeping." D. "We will place an antique quilt in our baby's crib."

C. "My baby will be placed on her back when sleeping." Rationale: The infant should be placed supine during naps and at bedtime. There is an association between infants who sleep prone or on their side and SIDS

The father of a toddler asks a nurse at a well-child clinic what to do when his child kicks and screams during temper tantrums. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A. "Tell your toddler that temper tantrums are not acceptable." B. "You should punish your toddler when the tantrum stops." C. "You should ignore your toddler's temper tantrums." D. "You should offer your child a reward if he stops the tantrum."

C. "You should ignore your toddler's temper tantrums."

An infant weighed 7 pounds, 11 ounces (3487 g) at birth. During his well-baby check at 12 months old, what should the nurse expect this infant's weight to be? A. 15 pounds (6.8 kg) B. 20 pounds (9 kg) C. 23 pounds (10.4 kg) D. 25 pounds (11.2 kg)

C. 23 pounds (10.4 kg) Rationale: birth weight usually doubles by 5-6 months, then triples by age 12 months (1yr).

A nurse is selecting a toy for a 7-month-old infant. Which of the following toys should the nurse choose? A. A set of blocks to build a block tower B. A colorful crib mobile that plays music C. A soft toy that squeaks or crackles when squeezed D. A wooden farm animal puzzle with large pieces

C. A soft toy that squeaks or crackles when squeezed

During a routine well-child visit, a nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parents of a preschool-age child whom they have difficulty getting to sleep. Which of the following statements by the parents indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I will allow my child to watch TV to help him go to sleep." B. "I will let my child fall asleep with me, and then move him to his own bed." C. "I will make sure the room is dark when placing my child in bed." D. "I will encourage my child to fall asleep with his favorite toy."

D. "I will encourage my child to fall asleep with his favorite toy." Rationale: Transitional objects, such as a blanket or toy, provide a sense of comfort, which allows the child to fall asleep more quickly.

The mother of a 3-month-old infant is seeking advice on when she can switch from iron-fortified formula to whole milk. Which of the following is the best nursing response to this mother? A. "Switch to whole milk when you introduce solid foods." B. "The baby can have milk when he can drink from a cup." C. "Whole milk can be given at 6 months of age." D. "Infants can drink whole milk after their first birthday."

D. "Infants can drink whole milk after their first birthday." Rationale: Whole milk should not be introduced before 1 year. Low fat milk should not be introduced before age 2 years, as fats are needed to complete neurological development

The parents of a 10 year old are seeking advice regarding how to handle the child's questions about sex. How should the nurse advise the parents? A. Assure the parents the topic is usually part of the school curriculum B. Advise the parents to initiate the discussions before the child asks any questions C. To use terms that are used by school-age children when describing genitalia D. Answer the questions at the child's level of understanding

D. Answer the questions at the child's level of understanding

A 4-year-old child tells the nurse she will not eat peas because they are green. Of what is this an example? A. Egocentrism B. Artificialism C. Animism D. Centering

D. Centering Rationale: The tendency to concentrate on a single outstanding characteristic of an object while excluding other features is known as centering

A nurse is caring for an adolescent. The nurse should expect that the adolescent is working on which of the following developmental tasks? A. Building a sense of trust B. Learning to use creative energies C. Learning to perform tasks independently D. Defining a sense of self

D. Defining a sense of self

A nurse is caring for a hospitalized 2-year-old child who has a tantrum when a parent leaves. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Call the parent to return to the child's room. B. Leave the child alone in the room for 5 min. C. Inform the child that her parent will be back in 2 hr. D. Give the child a stuffed animal.

D. Give the child a stuffed animal.

A nurse is collecting data from a 3-year-old child. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Follows three commands in succession B. Knows the names of days of the week C. Skips and hops on one foot D. Goes up stairs using alternate feet

D. Goes up stairs using alternate feet Rationale: A 3-year-old child should be able to ascend stairs using alternate feet.

A nurse is collecting data from a 6-month-old infant in the well child clinic. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Infant sits well without support. B. Infant's birth weight is tripled. C. Lateral incisors are present. D. Posterior fontanel is closed.

D. Posterior fontanel is closed. Rationale: The nurse should expect a 6-month-old infant's posterior fontanel to be closed. The small, triangle-shaped fontanel on the back of the infant's head should close by the time the infant is 8 weeks old

The most significant physical development at age 6 years is: A. rapid growth in height. B. improved immune system. C. round, moon-shaped face. D. loss of primary teeth.

D. loss of primary teeth.

A nurse has accepted a position on a pediatric unit and is learning more about psychosocial development. Identify the order of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development from birth through 18 years of. (Move the steps into the box on the right, placing them in the selected order of performance. Use all the steps.) A. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt B. Industry vs. inferiority C. Identity vs. role confusion D. Initiative vs. guilt E. Trust vs. mistrust

E, A, D, B, C