Peds Test 1

The nurse removes an IV needle from a toddler's hand and quickly covers the area with a bandage. Why is a bandage particularly important for this age group? Because the bandage promotes independence Because the bandage promotes freedom of movement Because toddlers have poorly defined body boundaries Because the bandage demonstrate respect to the child

Because toddlers have poorly defined body boundaries

Trust v Mistrust age range

Birth to 2 years old

Which intervention is important when establishing therapeutic communication with adolescents? Use nonverbal techniques Communicate through transition objects Build a foundation for a trusting relationship Explain procedures using short sentences and simple words

Build a foundation for a trusting relationship

A four-year-old child is scheduled for cardiac surgery in a week. The child's parents call the hospital to ask how to prepare the child for the upcoming hospitalization and surgical procedure. Which response by the nurse is appropriate? Preparation at this age will only increase the child stress Children who are prepared experience less fear and stress during hospitalization Preparation needs to be at least 2 to 3 weeks before hospitalization to be affective Children who are prepared experience overwhelming fear by the time hospitalization occurs

Children who are prepared experience was fear and stress during hospitalization

What is the most appropriate way for the nurse to help a child feel empowered to cope during a painful procedure? Apologizing for hurting the child Coaching the child to hold their feelings inside Telling the child that the pain will be over soon Coaching the child in learning a skill that will distract the child

Coaching the child in learning a skill that will distract the child

The nurse is caring for a 7-month-old infant with influenza. The nurse notes an axillary temperature of 103.7° F. Which action should the nurse take first? Place the child in an ice bath for 30 mins Administer an oral antipyretic as prescribed Confirm accuracy and notify the health care provider Reassess the infant's temperature using a rectal thermometer?

Confirm accuracy and notify the health care provider

What is adolescent normal respiratory rate?

12-20

Identity v Identity Confusion age range

13 - 19+ years old

Autonomy v Shame/Doubt age range

2 - 3 years old

Intimacy v Isolation age range

20 - 40+ years old

What is a preschoolers normal respiratory rate?

20-30

What is a toddlers normal respiration rate?

20-30

What is school-age normal respiratory rate?

20-30

What is normal infant respiration rate?

26-40

Initiative v Guilt age range

3 - 5 years old

What age patient would a nurse use the FACES Pain Rating Scale for pain assessment? 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years

3 years

Generativity v Stagnation age range

40 - 65 years old

Industry v Inferiority age range

5 - 12 years old

What is adolescent normal heart rate?

55-105

The nurse is preparing a school-age child for hospitalization. Which strategies does the nurse utilize? SATA Describe the different aspects of hospital stay Provides miniature hospital equipment for the child. Ensures that the child pays attention to the information. Answers any questions the child has about hospitalization Does not tell the child about any unpleasant upcoming procedures

Describe the different aspects of hospital stay Provides miniature hospital equipment for the child. Ensures that the child pays attention to the information. Answers any questions the child has about hospitalization

What behavior does the nurse expect when caring for a preschool age child admitted to the hospital? select all that apply Develops trust in adults Cries quietly for the parents Tolerates brief periods of separation Refuses to comply with the usual routines Attempts to physically keep the parents near

Develops trust in adults Cries quietly for the parents Tolerates brief periods of separation

Which question helps the nurse to identify the severity of pain in the stomach of a school-age child? Do you feel like crying when it hurts? Show me where you have the most pain Does the pain prevent you from sleeping? Does the pain move from one side to the other?

Does the pain prevent you from sleeping?

The nurse is performing the pain assessment of a six year old child with a developmental disorder. The child has limited speech and lacks the ability to understand spoken words and sentences. What tool does a nurse use to assess the pain in the child? FLACC scale Poker chip tool Visual analog scale Word graphic rating scale

FLACC scale

The nurse is assessing a four-year-old child for pain on admission assessment. What assessment tool does the nurse use for this patient? Faces pain scale Numerical rating scale Pain assessment tool Postoperative pain score

Faces pain scale

A two-year-old child has just been admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. The child is crying and visibly upset. The nurse is beginning to perform the physical assessment when the mother asked, "would it be better if I left the room?" Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? If you want to run to the coffee shop, that would be great I can perform the assessment while you hug the child on your lap Yes, please, children usually stop crying after just a few minutes Whatever you want to do is fine. I just need to get this assessment done.

I can perform the assessment while you hug the child on your lap

Which treatment is appropriate to east spasticity in a child with cerebral palsy? Exercise Diuretic medication Anticonvulsant medication Implanted medication pump

Implanted medication pump

Assimilation

In Piaget's theory, the application of existing mental patterns to new situations (that is, the new situation is assimilated to existing mental schemas).

Accommodation

In Piaget's theory, the modification of existing mental patterns to fit new demands ( that is, mental schemes are changed to accommodate new information or experiences)

Which clinical features are used to determine the for asthma categories? Select all that apply Lung function Associated allergies Frequency of symptoms Frequency and severity of exacerbations Degree of interference with normal activities

Lung function Frequency of symptoms Frequency and severity of exacerbations Interference with normal activities

The nurse is assessing pain in a 7-year-old child with cognitive impairment and communication difficulties. Which sign does the nurse observe for pain in the child? Moaning Rapid talking Fist clenching Sleeping often

Moaning

A mother tells the nurse that she will visit her two-year-old son tomorrow about noon. During the child's bath? He asked for mommy. What is the best reply by the nurse? Mommy will be here after lunch Mommy always comes back to see you Mommy had to go home for a while but she'll be here today Your mommy told me yesterday that she'd be here today about noon

Mommy will be here after lunch

Which intervention by the nurse helps reduce separation anxiety in a child placed in isolation? Move the bed to a window with open shades How do you staff to the child after donning masks Allow close family members to visit with their pet Provide the child with favorite soft toys from home

Move the bed to a window with open shades

A child has just been fitted with a cast to heal a fracture of the arm. The nurse is vigilant for which early signs of compartment syndrome? SATA Pain Pallor Paralysis Parasthesia Pulselessness

Pain Pallor Parasthesia Pulselessness

The nurse is assessing the pain of a child using the faces pain rating scale. A child picked the second face two hours earlier. The child chooses the fourth face when asked how the pain feels now. What does the nurse interpret from the face the child has chosen? Pain hurts a little bit Pain hurts a whole lot Pain hurts even more Pain hurts a little more

Pain hurts even more

Which principles of atraumatic care should the nurse incorporate when providing care to pediatric patients? Select all that apply Promote the medical model of care Prevent or minimize bodily injury to the child Promote the child's sense of control and independence Minimize the number of choices the child needs to make Prevent or minimize the child separation from the family

Prevent or minimize bodily injury to the child Promote the child's sense of control and independence Prevent or minimize the child's separation from the family

Which areas are appropriate for the parents of a child with cerebral palsy that needs multidisciplinary care and coordination? SATA Proper handling and adapting to the home environment Medication administration and the changing role of parents and siblings Techniques for immobilizing the child to preserve muscle tone and prevent joint contractures Special medication administration to prevent the child from gagging during meals Devising and modifying equipment and activities as per the child's ability.

Proper handling and adapting to the hoe environment. Medication administration and the changing role of parents and siblings Devising and modifying equipment and activities as per the child's ability

During which phase of separation anxiety is a toddler most likely to cling to the parent? Protest Inactivity Depression regression to earlier behavior

Protest

What are the different stages of separation anxiety in children? Select all that apply Protest Despair Approval Regression Detachment

Protest Despair Detachment

The parents of a child in isolation ask the nurse about the kind of toys that would be appropriate for their child. What is the nurses best response? Provide the child with new colorful toys Give the child only one large toy to play Bring a few of the child stuffed toys from home Provide toys that can be disinfected after every use

Provide toys that can be disinfected after every use

The nurse is providing care to a hospitalized 7-year-old child with a cast. The nurse observes the physical restriction is causing stress in the child. Which actions does the nurse take to make the child comfortable? SATA Provide video game systems Ask parents to visit every day Provide musical or tactile toys Move the bed toward the window Perform the patients self care for the child

Provide video game systems Provide musical or tactile toys Move the bed toward the window

A child is hospitalized for a respiratory illness. What actions does the nurse take to provide comfort to the parents? Select all that apply Provides reassurance to the parents Informs about the skills of the staff Ask parents to visit the child every day Provides information on coping strategies Helps them to accept the reality of hospitalization

Provides reassurance to the parents Informs about the skills of the staff Provides information on coping strategies Helps them to accept the reality of hospitalization

The nurse is providing care for an adolescent with minor injuries. What are the developmentally appropriate activities that the nurse includes in the adolescent's plan of care? SATA Reduces group activities Provides video games systems permits wearing street clothes provides access to the internet provides adequate supply of snacks.

Provides video games systems permits wearing street clothes provides access to the internet provides adequate supply of snacks.

The nurse is caring for a 10-year-old child who has been hospitalized due to illness. Which play activity does the nurse provide for the child to reduce separation anxiety? Providing Sandboxes Providing large blocks Providing colorful toys Providing reading material

Providing reading material

Which is a characteristic of fractures in children? Rapidity of healing is inversely related to the child's age The pliable bones of growing children are less porous than those of adults Fractures rarely occur at the growth plate site because it absorbs shock well. The periosteum of a child's bone is thinner and weaker and has less osteogenic potential than that of the adult

Rapidity of healing is inversely related to the child's age

Reversibility of thought

Recognition that relationships involving equality or identity can be reversed (for example, if A = B then B=A).

Which major goal of therapy is appropriate for children with cerebral palsy? Curing the underlying defect causing the disorder Reversing degenerative processes that have occurred Preventing spread to individuals in close contact with the children Recognizing the disorder early and promoting optimal development

Recognizing the disorder early and promoting optimal development

Concrete thinking

Refers to the thought processes that rely on experiences in the real world

What change does the nurse teach the parents to expect in their child after prolonged hospitalization? Anger towards parents Jealousy towards siblings Repressed feeling of resentment Regression in newly learned skills

Regression in newly learned skills

An adolescent has an abnormal scoliosis screening at school. On investigation, the adolescent has a scoliosis curve of 18 degrees. What is the most appropriate therapeutic management in the case? A brace is prescribed Chiropractic treatment is suggested Surgical intervention for realignment is advised Regular clinical and radiographic evaluation is advised

Regular clinical and radiographic evaluation is advised

Which strategies are biobehavioral intervention for pain management? SATA Relaxation Positive self-talk Thought stopping Behavioral contracting NSAIDS

Relaxation Positive self talk though stopping behavioral contracting

Which nursing action promotes effective communication with an adolescent patient? Restate the statement made by the patient Remain silent and just listen to the patient Maintain extended eye contact with the patient Advised the patient to take measures to maintain personal hygiene

Remain silent and just listen to the patient

The nurse is caring for a child whose parents are unable to stay with the child for long hours. Which action by the nurse helps to ease the feelings of separation from home? Surround the child with familiar items Move the child's bed towards the window Provide musical, visual, or tactile activities. Allow the child to continue school lessons

Surround the child with familiar items

How are the symptoms of acute otitis media different from that of otitis media with effusion? Hearing impairment is common in acute otitis media Symptoms of acute infection are common in acute otitis media The Tympanic member looks orange colored in acute otitis media Rhinitis, cough, or diarrhea are often present with a cute otitis media

Symptoms of acute infection or common in acute otitis media

The nurse is caring for an immobilized preschool child. Which action is most helpful during this period of immobilizsation? Encouraging the child to wear pajamas Letting the child have few behavioral limitations Taking the child for a "walk" by wagon outside the room Keeping the child away from other immobilized childern if possible.

Taking the child for a "walk" by wagon outside the room

Which nursing action is appropriate when interviewing a child? Broadly smiling Extending Eye contact Speaking in a clear and loud voice Talking to the parent because the child is initially shy

Talking to the parent because the child is initially shy

A student nurse is attempting to use bio behavioral interventions for pain management for a child. Which strategy used by the student nurse warrants the preceptor to further educate the student nurse? Consulting a child life specialist Involving the child in play or singing Telling the child, "This is going to hurt." Staying with a child during a painful procedure

Telling the child, "This is going to hurt."

The nurse notices that the hospitalized adolescent feels isolated due to a prolonged hospitalization. Which interventions are appropriate to encourage peer support for the child? Select all that apply Text messaging Visits from friends Email with friends Specialty camping programs Family to family support networks

Text messaging Visit from friends Email with friends

A preschool child admitted to the hospital does not seem to be happy when the parents visit. The parents expressed their concern to the nurse. What is the best response by the nurse? The child is happy and content in the new surroundings The absence of the parents is beneficial to the child's recovery The child's behavior is a superficial adjustment to the separation The child is an ideal patient and his adjusting well to the situation

The child's behavior is a superficial adjustment to the separation

What is the most consistent indicator of pain in infants? Increased heart rate Squirming and jerking Quickened respiration Facial expression of pain

facial expression of pain

Autonomy v Shame/Doubt

A toddler during this stage learns to exercise will and to do things independently; failure to do so causes shame and doubt.

Intimacy v Isolation

A young adult in this stage, begins developing lasting and meaningful relationships. Developing a sense of connectedness and intimacy. If this does not occur the young adult avoids intimacy and fears commitment.

Which action is appropriate when understanding the peak expiratory flow rate test? Assess the severity of asthma Determine the cause of asthma Identify the triggers of asthma Confirm the diagnosis of asthma

Assess the severity of asthma

What is a common fear of hospitalized adolescents? Pain Altered body image Restricted motor activity Separation from material things

altered body image

Integrity v Despair age range

65+ years old and up

What is infants normal systolic BP?

70-100

What is a school-age normal heart rate?

70-110

What is a preschoolers normal systolic BP?

80-110

What is a toddlers normal systolic BP?

80-110

What is a preschoolers normal heart rate?

80-120

What is a toddlers normal heart rate?

80-130

What is school-age normal systolic BP?

90-110

What is adolescent normal systolic BP?

90-110 (120)

What is normal infant heart rate?

90-140

The nurse is assessing vital signs for children. Which patient finding would be most concerning? A 12 year old patient breathing 30 breaths/min An 8 year old child with a temperature of 36.8 degrees Celsius A 3 month old infant with a pulse of 116 beats/min A 4 year old patient with blood pressure of 90/52 mmHg

A 12 year old patient breathing 30 breaths/min

Industry v Inferiority

A child in this stage, takes pride in accomplishments, initiates projects/ sees them through. if this does not occur, then the child begins to question abilities and fails to reach potential.

Symbolic thinking

A cognitive skill that enables us to use symbols, gestures or images to mentally represent people, objects and events that may not be present.

At a follow-up appointment to assess the healing of a fracture, the nurse notes a bump at the fracture site. The nurse informs the child's father that the bump is a callus that serves which purpose? Use of the injured part Means for adequate blood supply Sufficient support of weight bearing A means of holding bone fragments together

A means of holding bone fragments together

Generativity v Stagnation

A middle age adult in this stage, successfully nurtures others and providing legacies brings feelings of accomplishment and usefulness. If this does not occur, then the middle age adult feels a sense of failure.

Initiative v Guilt

A preschooler in this stage, learns to start tasks and carry out plans. If not, the preschooler feels bad about his/her efforts to be independent and feels like a nuisance to others.

Which nursing interventions are appropriate for the child after a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy procedure? Select all that apply Encourage coughing to remove any secretions Administer pain medication at regular intervals Notify the surgeon if there is frequent swallowing Restrict movement by making the child lay down in the bed Notify the surgeon if there's dark brown blood in the emesis

Administer pain medication at regular intervals Notify the surgeon if there is frequent swallowing

Which is the best intervention the nurse can implement to help involve a younger child in the physical examination process? Limit the number of people in the room Perform the examination as quickly as possible Allow the child to handle or hold the equipment Assess painful areas at the end of the examination

Allow the child to handle or hold the equipment

Which interventions by the nurse help the child and family to overcome fear and prepare for hospitalization? SATA Have a common preparatory session for all families Allow the family and child to express their concerns Arrange short preparatory sessions for older children Use puppet shows or videos to explain hospital processes Orient the child and family to the hospital and its routines

Allow the family and child to express their concerns Use puppet shows or videos to explain hospital processes Orient the child and family to the hospital and its routines

Identity v Identity Confusion

An adolescent in this stage, starts to plan long term such as career, relationship, family, housing, etc. If this does not occur, then the adolescent develops a sense of uncertainty of purpose.

Integrity v Despair

An elderly person in this stage, begins to look back on life. A sense of integrity will develop if the person is satisfied with his/her progress in life. If this does not occur, then the elderly person may feel depressed, unproductive, and bitter.

Trust v Mistrust

An infant during this stage: develop a sense of trust and gains confidence and security. If this does not occur, then the infant will develop a lack of distrust, fear, and anxiety about the world.

A child is brought to the hospital with a suspected fracture. The child is crying and refuses to walk. What intervention helps relieve the child from pain and discomfort? Administer an anesthetic agent as prescribed Apply a hot bag to the affected area and rub gently Apply a splint that covers the joint above and below the fracture Massage the affected area, apply a local anesthetic, and bandage.

Apply a splint that covers the joint above and below the fracture

A 4-year-old child tells the nurse that a small bandage is needed at the sire where a blood sample was drawn. Which is the best nursing intervention in this situation? Applying a small bandage to the site Asking why the child needs a bandage Explaining why the blood sample was taken Telling the child the bleeding will stop when the needle is removed

Applying a small bandage to the site

Which advantages are appropriate in the use of ankle-foot orthoses for a child with cerebral palsy? Have custom seats for dependent mobilization Are useful for independent mobility Are used to prevent deformity and increase energy efficiency of gait. Provide sitting balance

Are used to prevent deformity and increase energy efficiency of gait

When caring for a toddler admitted to the hospital, which behavior does the nurse recognize as a sign of separation anxiety in the protest phase? Refusing to eat or drink Withdrawing from others Attacking strangers verbally Lacking interest in the locale

Attacking strangers verbally

Which nursing care guidelines would the nurse implement when communicating with children? Select all that apply Be honest only when it's helpful for the child Avoid extended eye contact and other threatening gestures Hurry through the exam to help the child cope with the experience Communicate through transitional objects such as dolls and puppets Minimize or ignore fearful reactions by children to enhance coping skills

Avoid extended eye contact and other threatening gestures Communicate through transitional object such as dolls in puppets

Which age specific approach should a nurse use while performing a physical examination of a six-year-old child? Use positive statements Distract using bright objects Perform the examination quickly Explain the purpose of the equipment used

Explain the purpose of the equipment used

A 3 year old has just returned from surgery in a hip spica cast. Which is the priority nursing intervention? Offering sips of water Elevating the head of the bed Checking circulation, sensation, and motion of toes Turning the child to the right side and then the left side every 4 hours.

Checking circulation, sensation, and motion of toes

A nurse is starting an intravenous line for a school-age child with cancer. The child says, "I've had a million IVs. They hurt." How the nurse responds would be based on which pain principle? Children tolerate pain better than adults who are undergoing treatment for similar chronic illnesses. Children often lie about experiencing pain to avoid negative opinions from caregivers and health care providers. Children become accustomed to painful procedures over time, especially which chronic illnesses. Children often demonstrate increased behavioral signs of discomfort with repeated painful procedures.

Children often demonstrate increased behavioral signs of discomfort with repeated painful procedures.

Which early sign of bleeding is appropriate when caring for a child after a tonsillectomy? Bleeding gums Continual swallowing Bruising around the face Bleeding from the mouth

Continual swallowing

Which reason is appropriate for the nurse to discourage the parent from giving the child an over-the-counter cough suppressant to a five year old child who has fever, nasal discharge, and productive cough? Cough suppressant can cause addiction Cough is a protective way of clearing secretions Cough suppressants have doubtful effectiveness Cough medicines can lead to confusion, nausea, and sedation

Cough is a protective way of clearing secretions

Which components are evaluated in the FLACC pain assessment tool? Select all that apply Cry Activity Consolability Leg movement Chest movement Facial expression

Cry Activity Consolability Leg movement Facial expression

What is the most common reaction of many parents to their child's hospitalization? Relief Anger Helplessness Depression

Helplessness

The nurse engages a child in play activities during the child's hospital stay. Which benefits of play does the nurse expect in the child? SATA Encourages interaction cures developmental delays lessens the stress of separation makes the child feel more secure helps to develop positive attitudes

Encourages interaction lessens the stress of separation makes the child feel more secure helps to develop positive attitudes

What is the primary nursing goal for a hospitalized toddler? Providing privacy Encouraging parents to room in Explaining procedures and routines Encouraging contact with children of the same age

Encouraging parents to room in

When caring for a school-age child, which interventions by the nurse help the child to become a cooperative and satisfied patient? SATA Helping the child with a bed bath Engaging the child in a new hobby Allowing the child to choose a menu Permitting age-appropriate board games Ensuring complete bed rest for the child

Engaging the child in a new hobby Allowing the child to choose a menu Permitting age-appropriate board games

Which triggers tend to precipitate or aggravate asthma in children? Select all that apply Exercise Breast milk Tobacco smoke Thyroid disease A candle free home

Exercise Tobacco smoke Thyroid disease

The nurse is caring for a 9-year-old child with asthma. Where should the nurse place the pulse oximeter to monitor the child's oxygen saturation? Ear Finger Big toe Forehead

Finger

Which anticipatory guidance measures should the nurse provide to the parents to prevent anxiety while taking care of their infant? Select all that apply Inform them about support groups Advised them about the identified needs Motivate the parents to provide competent and effective care Suggest that they reserve adequate financial resources for optimal care Advise on the needs indicated only by the primary health provider

Inform them about support groups Advised them about the identified needs Motivate the parents to provide competent and effective care

The sensorimotor stage

Piaget's first stage of development (0-2) where children learn through their senses. They begin with profound egocentrism and gradually learn to distinguish elements of the environment and the relationship between their actions and the external world. During this stage they develop object permanence.

The formal operational stage

Piaget's fourth and final stage (11 +) where the person begin to be able to think in an abstract way. They can consider abstract concepts, hypothetical possibilities and eventually inductive and deductive reasoning.

The pre-operational stage

Piaget's second stage of development (2-7) where children being to think symbolically and use language. They have not yet developed the concept of conservation. They are egocentric and are unable to view the world from the point of view of another.

The concrete-operational stage

Piaget's third stage of development (7-11) where the child can think logically about concrete objects, situations, categories and principles. Conservation is developed during this stage as well as reversibility of thought.

Nurse is providing care to a preschool child. The parents have left familiar toys with the child because of their inability to stay in the hospital. What further actions can the nurse take to help the child adjust to separation from the parents? Tell the child to say prayers often Teach self-care skills to the child Teach the child to use the call bell Place an identification band on the toy

Place an identification band on the toy

Nurse is caring for an eight-year-old child who has undergone surgery for multiple fractures and other trauma from a motor vehicle injury. The child is experiencing severe pain. What is an important consideration in the management of the child's pain? Giving only an opioid analgesic at this time Planning a preventive schedule of pain medication around the clock Increasing the dosage of analgesic until the child is adequately sedated Giving the child a clock and explaining when the child may have pain medication's

Planning a preventive schedule of pain medication around the clock

Which is the most common cause for the diagnosis of cerebral palsy? Birth asphyxia Cerebral trauma Neonatal diseases Prenatal brain abnormalities

Prenatal brain abnormalities

What intervention by the nurse can help ease negative feelings and fear in a five year old child being admitted into the hospital? Preparing the child for hospital experience No intervention because children this age cannot be prepared No intervention because preparation will increase the child stress Preparing the child for the potential negative effects of hospitalization

Preparing the child for Hospital experience

The nurse finds that a child is very shy and avoids interacting during mental and physical assessment. Which nursing action promotes affective interaction with a child? Smiling broadly Using short sentences Refraining from giving directions Asking the parents to wait outside the room

Using short sentences

What are some of the most common side effects of opioid analgesics? SATA Sedation Mania Constipation Nausea and vomiting Respiratory depression

Sedation Constipation Nausea and vomiting Respiratory depression

What is the major stressor of hospitalization for children from middle infancy throughout the preschool years? Fear of pain Loss of control Separation anxiety Fear of bodily injury

Separation anxiety

The nurse is caring for a child who has been hospitalized. Which statement does the nurse include when teaching the parents about the siblings reaction towards the illness? Select all that apply The sibling experiences the loss of a playmate Sibling is not impacted by the chronically ill child The sibling usually completely understands the situation The sibling may harbor feelings of loneliness and jealousy The sibling may fear possibly contracting the same condition

Sibling experiences the loss of a playmate The sibling may harbor feelings of loneliness and jealousy The sibling may fear possibly contracting the same condition

Which medical device is appropriate for a four year old boy who cannot coordinate his breathing to effectively use a metered dose inhaler for asthma? Spacer Nebulizer Peak expiratory flow meter Trial of chest physiotherapy

Spacer

Which nursing action is appropriate for the 3-year-old diagnosed with cerebral palsy who is having orthopedic surgery and has difficulty swallowing, cannot hold a utensil to self-feed, and is slightly underweight for height? Placing the child in a well-supported semi-reclining position to make use of gravity flow Bottle or tube feeding the child with a specialized formula until sufficient weight is gained Placing the child in a sitting position with the neck hyperextended to make use of gravity flow Stabilizing the child's jaw with one hand to facilitate swallowing

Stabilizing the child's jaw with one hand to facilitate swallowing

What would the nurse recognize as the most reliable indicator of pain in school-age children? Crying Verbal report Increased heart rate Increased blood pressure

Verbal report

Object permanence

The concept that an object will continue to exist, even when it is hidden from view.

Conservation

The concept that the weight, mass, and volume of matter remain unchanged (are conserved) even when the shape or appearance of an object changes.

The nurse is educating a group of people about the first aid to be given in cases of fractures. A person questions how to splint a leg fracture when there is no ready-made splint available. Which statement by the nurse is most appropriate? You need not splint the leg Just bandage the affected limb Use a smaller splint if available Use the patient's other leg as a splint

Use the patient's other leg as a splint

Which action by the nurse needs correction when performing a physical examination on an uncooperative child? The nurse limits the number of people in the room. The nurse uses a quiet, calm, and confident speaking voice. The nurse performs the examination as quickly as possible. The nurse explains the examination procedure in full detail.

The nurse explains the examination procedure in full detail.

Why are physiologic measurements in the assessment of pain in children not as useful as other measurements of pain? Children tend to underestimate pain Parental report of children's pain is more reliable than physiologic measurements. The same physiologic signs that suggest fear, anxiety, or anger can also indicate pain. Physiologic measurements are of limited value in assessing pain when the child is hospitalized.

The same physiologic signs that suggest fear, anxiety, or anger can also indicate pain.

Abstract principles

Thinking in terms of concepts that cannot necessarily be seen.

Which statement is appropriate when addressing at the principle of family centered care for a family providing total care for the child while hospitalized before discharge? This is appropriate because families are usually eager to get involved This is appropriate because it can be beneficial to the transition from hospital to home This is inappropriate because of legal issues when parents care for their children on hospital property This is inappropriate because the family will have to assume the care soon enough and this may increase their stress unnecessarily

This is appropriate because it can be beneficial to the transition from hospital to home

The parent of a four year old patient who is being admitted to the hospital ask the nurse why the nurse is asking so many questions. Which responses by the nurse are most appropriate? Select all that apply This will give you an opportunity to ask questions as well It is something we are required to do for every child who is hospitalized Knowing more about your child can help predict how the hospital stay will go It will help us provide the best care by gaining more information about your child We can try to minimize some of the changes your child will be going through by knowing your child routine

This will give you an opportunity to ask questions as well It is something we are required to do for every child who is hospitalized It will help us provide the best care by gaining more information about your child We can try to minimize some of the changes your child will be going through by knowing your child routine

What purpose is appropriate for palivizumab medication? To prevent secondary bacterial infection To decrease toxicity of antiviral agents To prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection To make isolation of the infant with RSV unnecessary

To prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection

Which recommendation is appropriate for a 20 month old with a barking cough at night a temperature of 37°C and no difficulty breathing? Trying a cool mist vaporizer at night and watching for signs of difficulty breathing Bringing the child to the hospital to be admitted and to be observed for impending epiglottitis Oh trying over-the-counter cough medicine and coming to the clinic tomorrow if there's no improvement Controlling the fever with acetaminophen and calling the primary care provider if the cough gets worse tonight

Trying a cool mist vaporizer at night and watching for signs of difficulty breathing

A nurse is caring for a 5-year-old child who has a new order for the insertion of an intravenous line. What intervention will be the most effective way of providing analgesia before this procedure? Place a transdermal fentanyl patch at the sire of venipuncture. Use lidocaine-tetracaine for 29 mins at the site for the intravenous line Administer lidocaine-adrenaline-tetracaine 15 minutes before the procedure Apply a eutectic mixture of local anesthetics immediately before the procedure for 5 minutes at the site.

Use lidocaine-tetracaine for 20 minutes at the site for the intravenous line.