Penny Chapter 27: The Fetal Heart and Chest Review Questions

what is described as the absence of the pulmonary valve, which in turn prohibits blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and essentially to the lungs

!!! a. pumonary atresia

the condition in which the heart is located outside the chest wall is termed

d. ectopic cordis

what is the fetal shunt that connects the pulmonary arterty to the aortic arch?

!!! b. ductus arteriosus

which statement is true concerning fetal outflow tracts? a. the normal pulmonary artery should be positioned posterior to the aorta and should be visualized passing under it b. the normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it c. the right ventricular outflow tract leads to the aorta d. the left ventricular outflow tract leads to the pulmonary artery

!!! b. the normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it

which of the following are fetal rhabdomyomas associated with? a. tracheoesophageal fistulas b. tuberous sclerosis c. eventration of the diaphragm d. tuberculosis

!!! b. tuberous sclerosis

a coexisting pericardial effusion and a pleural effusion is consistent with the diagnosis of:

!!! c. fetal hydrops

the moderator band is located within the

!!! c. right ventricle

the narrowing of the aortic arch is indicative of

b. coarctation of the aorta

the sonographic "bat-wing" sign is indicative of:

c. pleural effusion

what is the opening located right anteromedially within the diaphragm? a. foramen of Bochdalek b. foramen of Morgagni c. foramen of Monro d. foramen ovale

b foramen of Morgagni

the tricuspid valve is located

b. between the right ventricle and the right atrium

the most common form of diaphragmatic hernia is the

d. foramen of Bochdalek

tetralogy of Fallot consists of all of the following except: a. overriding aortic root b. VSD c. pulmonary stenosis d. left ventricular hypertrophy

d. left ventricular hypertrophy (should be right ventricular hypertrophy)

the normal heart will fill approximately _____ of the fetal chest

d. one-third

the accumulation of fluid around the lungs is termed:

d. pleural effusion

what is the term for underdevelopment of the lungs?

d. pulmonary hypoplasia

which of the following is not a true statement about the normal fetal heart? a. the ventricular septum should be uninterrupted and of equal thickness to the left ventricular wall b. there is a normal opening within the atrial septum c. between the right ventricle and the right atrium, one should visualize the tricuspid valve d. the mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve

d. the mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve

the fetal heart is fully formed by:

!!! d. 10 weeks

the most common sonogaphic appearance of pulmonary sequestration is a(n):

!!! c. triangular, echogenic mass within the chest

fetal lung maturity can be assessed using the:

a. LS ratio (Lecithin to Sphingomyelin ratio)

eventration of the diaphragm is best described as:

a. a lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm

the most common cause of cardiac malposition is

a. diaphragmatic hernia

what structure shunts blood into the IVC from the umbilical vein?

a. ductus venosus

the most common fetal cardiac tumor is the

a. rhabdomyoma

an EIF would most likely be associated with

a. trisomy 21

the embryonic heart begins as:

a. two tubes

the visualization of the fetal stomach within the fetal chest is most indicative of:

b. diaphragmatic hernia

all of the following are sonographic features of pentalogy of Cantrell except: a. omphalocele b. gastroschisis c. cleft sternum d. diaphragmatic defect

b. gastroschisis

a group of anomalies characterized by a small or an absent right ventricle is

b. hypoplastic right heart syndrome

the blood returning from the lungs through the pulmonary veins enters into the:

b. left atrium

a separate mass of nonfunctioning fetal lung tissue is referred to as?

b. pulmonary sequestration

what is an opening within the septum that separates the right and the left ventricles?

c. VSD

the mitral valve is located:

c. between the left ventricle and the left atrium

which of the following is considered to be the most common cardiac defect? a. hypoplastic right heart syndrome b. transposition of the great vessels c. hypoplastic left heart syndrome d. VSD

!!! d. VSD (Ventricular Septal Defect)

an EIF is most often seen within the

!!! d. left ventricle (EIF = Echogenic Intracardiac Focus)

which of the following is a true statement about the fetal heart? a. the apex of the heart will be angled to the right of the midline b. the apex of the heart is the portion closest to the spine c. the normal fetal heart will fill approximately two-third of the fetal chest d. the chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium

!!! d. the chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium

which of the following best describes transposition of the great vessels? a. the aorta arises from the left ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises from the right ventricle b. the aorta arises from the right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle c. the aortic arch is narrowed and positioned anterior to the pulmonary vein d. the presence of an omphalocele and ectopic cordis

b. the aorta arises from the right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle

what is the normal opening in the lower middle third of the atrial septum?

c. foramen ovale

a group of anomalies characterized by a small or an absent left ventricle is

c. hypoplastic left heart syndrome

all of the following are sonographic signs of Ebstein anomaly except: a. enlarged right atrium b. fetal hydrops c. narrowing of the aortic arch d. malpositioned tricuspid valve

c. narrowing of the aortic arch