Penny Review : Female Pelvis

The sono pelvic exam of a female patient reveals an extensive amount of ascites. In the transverse plane you visualize two echogenic structures extending from the side walls of the uterus to the pelvic side walls bilaterally. These structures are most likely the : a) broad ligaments b) cardinal ligament c) ovarian ligaments d) uteroscaral ligaments

broad ligaments

Pelvic muscles appear: a) echogenic b) anechoic c) hypoechoic d) complex

hypoechoic

The true pelvis is delineated from the false pelvis by the : a) space of retzius b) adnexa c) linea terminalis d) iliac crests

linea terminalis

The vagina is located _____ to the uterus? a) anterior b) posterior c) inferior d) medial

inferior

The right ovarian artery branches off the : a) Ao b) right renal artery c) uterine artery d) internal iliac artery

Ao

The right ovarian vein drains directly into the a) right renal vein b) AO c) IVC d) common iliac vein

IVC

The peripheral arteries of the uterus are the : a) radial arteries b) spiral arteries c) straight arteries d) arcuate arteries

arcuate arteries

The paired muscles that are located lateral to the uterus and anterior to the iliac crest are the : a) iliopsoas muscles b) rectus abdominis muscles c) obturator interni muscles d) piriformis muscles

iliopsoas muscles

The uterine artery branches off the : a) Abd Ao b) uterine plexus c) internal iliac artery d) externlal iliac artery

internal iliac artery

The innominate bones of the pelvis consist of the : a) ischium, ilium, and pubis b) ilium, sacrum, and coccyx c) sacrum, coccyx, and pubis d) sacrum, ischium, and ilium

ischium, ilium, and pubis

The left ovarian vein drains into the : a) right renal vein b) IVC c) AO d) left renal vein

left renal vein

Prolapse of the pelvic organs most often involves the: a) rectus abdominis and obturator internis muscles b) levator ani and coccygeus muscles c) obturator and levator ani muscles d) piriformis and iliopsas muscles

levator ani and coccygeus muscles

The pelvic muscle group that is located between the coccyx and the pubis is the: a) levator ani muscles b) rectus abdominis muscles c) obturator internus muscles d) piriformis muscles

levator ani muscles

Fluid noted posterior to the uterus would most likely be located within the : a) space of retzius b) pouch of douglas c) anterior cul de sac d) adnexa

pouch of douglas

What is considered the most dependent part of the peritoneal cavity? a) space of retzius b) anterior cul de sac c) pouch of douglas d) rectovessicular pouch

pouch of douglas

Which vessels supply blood to the deep layers of the myometrium? a) radial arteries b) spiral arteries c) straight arteries d) arcuate arteries

radial arteries

Both the straight and spiral arteries are branches of the : a) common iliac arteries b) radial artery c) arcuate artery d) external iliac arteries

radial artery

Which of the following are the paired anterior abdominal muscles that extend from the ziphoid process of the sternum to the pubic bone ? a) iliopsoas muscles b) rectus abdominis muscles c) obturator interni muscles d) piriformis muscles

rectus abdominis muscles

The arteries that directly supply blood to the functional layer of the endometrium are the : a) radial arteries b) spiral arteries c) straight arteries d) arcuate arteries

spiral arteries

The pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary to the pelvic side wall is the : a) cardinal ligament b) ovarian ligament c) broad ligament d) suspensory ligament

suspensory ligament ( infundibulopelvic ligament)

The urinary bladder, uterus, and ovaries are located within the; a) true pelvis b) false pelvis

true pelvis

What structure within the female pelvis lies posterior to the urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum ? a) broad ligament b) rectus abdominus muscle c) space of retzius d) uterus

uterus

Fluid noted anterior to the uterus would most likely be located in the : a) pouch of douglas b) vesicouterine pouch c) space of retzius d) rectouterine pouch

vesicouterine pouch

The anterior cul de sac is also referred to as the a) space of retzius b) rectouterine pouch c) pouch of douglas d) vesicouterine pouch

vesicouterine pouch

A PT presents to the sono department with a hx of prolapsed uterus. Which of the following best describes this disorder ? a) a condition that results from the weakening of the pelvic diaphragm muscles and allows for displacement of the uterus often through the vagina b) a congeital anomaly that results in the duplication of the uterus c) a condition that results in the abnormal invasion of the myometrium through the bladder wall leading to hematuria d) an abnormality that describes the inversion of the myometrium and endometrium

a condition that results from the weakening of the pelvic diaphragm muscles and allows for displacement of the uterus often through the vagina

Peritoneal spaces located posterior to the broad ligament are referred to as the : a) rectouterine spaces b) anterior cul de sac c) lateral cul de sac d) adnexa

adnexa

The space of retzius is located: a) between the uterus and bladder b) between the bladder and the ilium c) along the lateral aspect of the uterus d) between the bladder and pubic bones

between the bladder and the pubic bones

Pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis is the: a) broad ligament b) ovarian ligament c) piriformis ligament d) round ligament

broad ligament

The ligament that houses the vasculature of the uterus is the: a) cardinal ligament b) ovarian ligament c) broad ligament d) suspensory ligament

cardinal ligament

The abdominal ao bifurcates into the : a) internal iliac arteries b) common iliac arteries c) ovarian arteries d) external iliac arteries

common iliac arteries

Pelvic bones, when visualized on sonography, will appear: a) anechoic b) hypoechoic c) dark d) hyperechoic

hyperechoic

The muscle located lateral to the ovaries is the : a) iliopsoas muslces b) rectus abdominis muscles c) obturator internus muscles d) piriformis muscles

obturator internus muscles

The ovary is supplied blood by the: a) ovarian artery b) ovarian artery and uterine artery c) uterine artery d) arcuate artery

ovarian artery and uterine artery

The muscles that may be confused with the ovaries on a pelvic sonogram include the : a) rectus abdominis and obturator internus muscles b) levator ani and coccygeus muscles c) obturator internus and levator ani muscles d) piriformis and the iliopsoas muscles

piriformis and the iliopsoas muscles

The bilateral muscles are located posterior to and extend from the sacrum to the femoral greater trochanter are the : a) levator ani muscles b) rectus abdominis muscles c) obturator internus muscles d) piriformis muscles

piriformis muscles

Pelvic bones when visualized on sonography will produce : a) posterior shadowing b) posterior enhancement c) mirror image artifact d) minimal enhancement

posterior shadowing

Another name for the rectouterine pouch is the : a) space of retzius b) pouch of retzius c) pouch of douglas d) anterior cul de sac

pouch of douglas

What other term is used to describe the space of retzius ? a) posterior cul de sac b) anterior cul de sac c) murphy pouch d) retropubic space

retropubic space

The pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary and extends from the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus is the: a) cardinal ligament b) ovarian ligament c) broad ligament d) suspensory ligament

ovarian ligament

The uterine arteries supply blood to all of the following except " a) fallopian tubes b) rectum c) ovaries d) uterus

rectum