penny ultrasound chapter 32 Fetal Environment and Maternal Complications Terms, Notes, and Questions
placental abruption
abruptio placentae
diffuse edema
anasarca
the ... is the element of the placenta closest to the fetus
chorionic plate
the placental substance contains the functional parts of the placenta and is located between the ... and ...
chorionic plate, basal layer
the three parts of the placenta
chorionic plate, placental substance, basal layer (basal plate)
an abnormally shaped placenta caused by the membranes inserting inward from the edge of the placenta, producing a curled-up placental shape
circumvallate placenta
the endometrial tissue at the implantation sit, and the maternal contribution of the placenta
decidua basalis
congenital maldevelopment or absence of the duodenum
duodenal atresia
congenital absence of part of the esophagus
esophageal atresia
total blood loss; to bleed out
exsanguination
grading of the placenta has been performed in the past to predict ...
fetal lung maturity
a disease associated with an abnormal proliferation of the trophoblastic cells during pregnancy; may also be referred to as molar pregnancy
gestational trophoblastic disease
a shortage of oxygen or decreased oxygen in the blood
hypoxia
the first 28 days of life
neonatal period
not pregnant
nongravid
enlargement of the placenta
placentomegaly
acronym that stands for toxoplamosis, other infections, rubella, cystomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus
TORCH
gelatinous material that is located within the umbilical cord around the umbilical vessels
Wharton jelly
cyst found within the umbilical cord
allantoic cyst
the amount of amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus; the sum of four quadrant measurement of amniotic fluid
amniotic fluid index
the condition of having a deficient number of red blood cells
anemia
the ... is the element of the placenta adjacent to the uterus
basal layer
the failure of both kidneys to develop in the fetus
bilateral renal agenesis
placenta that consists of two separate discs of equal size
bilobed placenta
method of fetal monitoring with sonography to produce a numerical scoring system that predicts fetal well-being
biophysical profile
the stage of the conceptus that implants within the decidualized endometrium
blastocyst
the placement of sutures within the cervix to keep it closed
cerclage
protective fetal skin covering
cernix
the painless dilation of the cervix in the second or early third trimester
cervical incompetence
form of childbirth in which a surgical incision is made through the maternal abdomen to deliver the fetus
cesarean section
a benign placental tumor
chorioangioma
the part of the chorion, covered by chorionic villi, that is the fetal contribution of the placenta
chorion frondosum
fingerlike projections of gestational tissue that attach to the decidualized endometrium and allow the transfer of nutrients from the mother to the fetus
chorionic villi
groups or lobes of chorionic villi
cotyledons
a mass consisting of abnormal bronchial and lung tissue that develops within the fetal chest
cystic adenomatoid malformation
the herniation of the abdominal contents into the chest cavity through a defect in the diaphragm
diaphragmatic hernia
a drug administered to pregnant women from the 1940s to the 1970s to treat threatened abortions and premature labor that has been linked with uterine malformation in the exposed fetus
diethylstibestrol
condition in which there is an incompatibility between the fetal and maternal red blood cells
erythroblastosis fetalis
the fetal weight based on sonographic measurements
estimated fetal weight
in later pregnancy, the placenta also produces ... and ..., taking over that function from the corpus luteum
estrogen, progesterone
an abnormal accumulation of fluid in at least two fetal body cavities
fetal hydrops
the chorion frondosum is the ... contribution, derived from the ..., containing the ...
fetal, blastocyst, chorionic villi
the placenta is derived from both ... and ... cells
fetal, maternal
the result of the premature opening of the internal os and the subsequent bulging of the membranes into the dilated cervix
funneling (cervical)
herniation of abdominal contents through a right-sided, periumbilical abdominal wall defect
gastroschisis
diabetes acquired as a result of pregnancy
gestational diabetes
a benign tumor composed of blood vessels
hemangioma
the dilation of the renal collecting system resulting from the obstruction of the flow of urine from the kidney(s) to the bladder; also referred to as pelvocliectasis or pelvicaliectasis
hydronephrosis
from an unknown origin
idiopathic
fetal hydrops caused by Rh incompatibility
immune hydrops
an inherited renal disease that results in bilateral enlargement of the fetal kidneys and microscopic renal cysts; also referred to as autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
infantile polycystic kidney disease
a fetus that is below the 10th percentile for gestational age (small for gestational age) and whose growth is impeded for some reason
intrauterine growth restriction
a benign, smooth muscle tumor of the uterus; may also be referred to as a fibroid or uterine myoma
leiomyoma (uterine)
the term used for the isthmus during pregnancy
lower uterine segment
an estimated fetal weight of greater than the 90th percentile or the neonate that measures more than 4,500 g
macrosomia
abnormal cord insertion at the edge of the placenta
marginal cord insertion
the decidua basalis is the ... contribution of the placenta
maternal
fetal stool that is composed of fetal skin, hair, amniotic fluid, and bile
meconium
small head
microcephaly
a rare disorder in which the mother suffers from edema and fluid buildup similar to her hydropic fetus
mirror syndrome
a fetal renal disease thought to be caused by an early renal obstruction; leads to the development of multiple noncommunicating cysts of varying sizes in the renal fossa
multicystic dysplastic kidney disease
having had several pregnancies
multiparity
a group of developmental abnormalities that involve the brain and spine
neural tube defects
fetal hydrops caused by congenital fetal anomalies and infections
nonimmune hydrops
condition of having the umbilical cord wrapped completely around the fetal neck
nuchal cord
a lower-than-normal amount of amniotic fluid for the gestational age
oligohydramnios
an anterior abdominal wall defect where there is herniation of the fetal bowel and other abdominal organ into the base of the umbilical cord
omphalocele
the vertical groove seen between the upper lip and the nasal septum
philtrum
a major function of the ... is performing imperative exchanges of waste products and gases with valuable nutrients and oxygen from the mother
placenta
the ... effectively becomes the means of respiration for the fetus
placenta
the echogenic thickening surrounding part of the gestational sac
placenta
the abnormal adherence of the placenta to the myometrium in an area where the decidua is either absent or minimal
placenta accreta
invasion of the placenta within the myometrium
placenta increta
penetration of the placenta through the uterine serosa and possibly into adjacent pelvic organs
placenta percreta
when the placenta covers or nearly covers the internal os of the cervix
placenta previa
the ... produces hCG which maintains the ...
placenta, corpus luteum of the ovary
an excessive amount of amniotic fluid for the gestational age
polyhydramnios
irregular thin membranes of tissue located within the male posterior urethra that does not allow urine to exit the urethra
posterior urethral valves
time directly after giving birth and extending to about 6 weeks
postpartum
pregnancy-induced maternal high blood pressure and excess protein in the urine after 20 weeks' gestation
preeclampsia
the rupture of the amniotic sac prior to the onset of labor
premature rupture of membranes
protein in the urine
proteinuria
when additional placental tissue remains within the uterus after the bulk of the placenta has been delivered
retained products of conception
when the shoulder of the fetus cannot pass through the birth canal at during pregnancy
shoulder dystocia
an accessory lobe of the placenta
succenturiate lobe
shunting of venous or arterial blood from one twin to another though placental circulation
twin-twin transfusion syndrome
an umbilical cord with one artery and one vein; could possibly be associated with other fetal abnormalities and intrauterine growth restriction
two-vessel cord
two vessels of the umbilical cord that carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta
umbilical arteries
the vessel of the umbilical cord that carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus
umbilical vein
focal dilation of the intra-abdominal portion of the umbilical vein
umbilical vein varix
a circumvallate placenta may lead to ...
vaginal bleeding, placental abruption, among other complications
fetal vessels resting over the interal os of the cervix
vasa previa
the abnormal insertion of the umbilical cord into the membranes beyond the placental edge
velamentous cord insertion
pools of maternal blood within the placental substance
venous lakes
the structure that connects the developing embryo to the secondary yolk sac
vitelline duct
a definitive placenta may not be identified songraphically until after ... to ... weeks
10, 12
the placenta consists of approximately ... to ... cotyledons
10, 30
the placenta normally has a diameter of ... to ... cm
16, 20
the placental thickness should not exceed ... cm
4
the placenta normally weighs between ... and ... g
450, 550
