Period 5

During Reconstruction, which of the following was a change that took place in the South?

a. African Americans were able to exercise political rights

The acquisition of territory in the southwestern region shown in the map intensified controversies in the United States about

a. Allowing slavery in the new territories

Kenneth M. Stampp, historian, The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877, published in 1963 Which of the following contributed most directly to the end of Reconstruction?

c. The waning commitment to reform in the North

"We have conquered many of the neighboring tribes of Indians, but we have never thought of holding them in subjection - never of incorporating tem into our Union. . . . To incorporate Mexico, would be the very first instance of the kind of incorporating an Indian race; for more than half of the Mexicans are Indians, and the other is composed chiefly of mixed tribes. . . . Ours, sir, is the Government of a white race. . . . [I]t is professed and talked about to erect these Mexicans into a Territorial Government, and place them on an equality with the people of the United States, I protest utterly against such a project." Senator John C. Calhoun, "Conquest of Mexico" speech, 1848 The excerpt most directly reflects which of the following developments in the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century?

c. Westward expansion

Albert E. Cowdrey, historian, This Land, This South: An Environmental History, 1983 Which of the following was the most significant impact of the South's expansion described in the excerpt?

d. Conflict over the future of slavery

"[G]ranting all their mistakes, the radical governments were by far the most democratic the South had ever known. They were the only governments in southern history to extend to Negroes complete civil and political equality, and to try to protect them in the enjoyment of the rights they were granted." Kenneth M. Stampp, historian, The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877, published in 1963 Which of the following provides the best evidence in support of the argument in the excerpt?

a. Changes in voting patterns and office holding that occurred during Reconstruction

Albert E. Cowdrey, historian, This Land, This South: An Environmental History, 1983 The economic growth of the South relied primarily on the export of goods to which of the following?

a. Europe

William Lloyd Garrison, first issue of abolitionists newspaper, The Liberator, January 1831 A person who agreed with Garrison's views expressed in the excerpt would most likely have advocated

a. Immediate emancipation of enslaved people

The image most strongly supports the argument that Reconstruction

a. Temporarily altered race relations in the South

"Much of the national harmony had rested upon the existence of a kind of balance between the northern and southern parts of the United States. The decision to fight the [Mexican-American War] had distributed this balance, and the acquisition of a new empire which each section desired to dominate endangered the balance further. Thus, the events which marked the culmination of six decades of exhilarating national growth at the same time marked the beginning of sectional strife which for was quarter century would subject American nationalism to its severest testing." David M. Potter, historian, The Impending Crisis: America Before the Civil War, 1848-1861, published in 1976 Which of the following most directly helped maintain the "balance between the northern and southern parts of the United States" before the Mexican-American War referenced in the excerpt?

a. The passage of the Missouri Compromise

"On the subject of slavery . . . I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice . . . On this subject, I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . . I am in earnest - I will not equivocate - I will not retreat a single inch - AND I WILL BE HEARD." William Lloyd Garrison, first issue of abolitionists newspaper, The Liberator, January 1831 The excerpt was likely to have found the most support among which of the following groups?

b. Advocates for women's rights

Senator John C. Calhoun, "Conquest of Mexico" speech, 1848 Which of the following events best represents a continuity of the sentiments expressed by Senator Calhoun in the speech?

b. The Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson

Which of the following ideas contributed most directly to the territorial changes shown in the map?

c. Manifest Destiny

Senator John C. Calhoun, "Conquest of Mexico" speech, 1848 Based on the excerpt, Calhoun would also be most likely to support which of the following?

c. Proslavery arguments

David M. Potter, historian, The Impending Crisis: America Before the Civil War, 1848-1861, published in 1976 The "acquisition of a new empire" referenced in the excerpt most directly fostered sectional division through the

c. Renewed debate over the expansion of slavery

Kenneth M. Stampp, historian, The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877, published in 1963 Which of the following later historical developments is most similar to the actions of the governments described in the excerpt?

c. The desegregation of the United States military in 1948

David M. Potter, historian, The Impending Crisis: America Before the Civil War, 1848-1861, published in 1976 Which of the following historical developments during the nineteenth century best supports Potter's argument about the underlying cause of sectional conflict?

c. The increase in economic opportunities in the West

"The expansion of the South [from 1800 to 1850] across the Appalachians and the Mississippi River to the fringes of the high plains was one of the great American folk wanderings. Motivated by the longing for fresh and cheap land, . . . Southerners completed their occupation of a region as large as western Europe. Despite the variety of the land, . . . the settlers of the Southwest had certain broad similarities. They might be farmers large or small, but most farmed or lived by serving the needs of farmers. . . . Not all owned or ever would own slaves, but most accepted slavery as a mode of holding and creating wealth." Albert E. Cowdrey, historian, This Land, This South: An Environmental History, 1983 Which of the following contributed most directly to the population movement described in the excerpt?

c. The over cultivation of the soil

The situation depicted in the image best serves as evidence of the

d. Expansion of federal power

The territorial changes shown in the southwestern region on the map most directly resulted from

d. The Mexican-American War