Pers./comm. health Final
To help him fight his addiction to alcohol, Andy's physician has prescribed a drug that will make him feel intensely uncomfortable if he drinks alcohol. This type of response is called
intolerance
Chewing tobacco can lead to a condition characterized by leathery white patches inside the mouth known as
leukoplakia
the expected number of years of life remaining at a given age, such as at birth
life expectancy
The main site of alcohol metabolism is the
liver
Regular physical activity has been linked to all of the following EXCEPT lower life expectancy. lower risk for diabetes. reduction in hypertension. improved bone mass.
lower life expectancy.
The most lethal form of skin cancer is
malignant melanoma
soft tissue manipulation by trained therapists for relaxation and healing.
massage
Chronic stress may cause structural degeneration and impaired function of the brain, increasing the risk for all of the following EXCEPT depression Alzheimer's disease dementia meningitis
meningitis
A group of metabolic conditions occurring together that increase a person's risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
metabolic syndrome
A biopsy reveals that a woman who has had breast cancer now has cancer in her bones. The process of cancer spreading from one organ or body area to others is
metastasis
Of the following countries, in which do citizens, on average, get the most sleep?
mexico
All the following are good sources of complex carbohydrates EXCEPT spinach milk carrots oatmeal
milk
Of the following choices, the source of stress experienced by the greatest percentage of American adults is
money
A driver is always impaired when he or she has a blood alcohol concentration of
0.08 percent or higher
What percentage does the CDC estimate for Americans with diabetes
1 in 3
The 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommend what minimum amount of moderate-intensity exercise for adults?
150 min/week
How much sleep do newborns need daily?
16 to 18 hours
what is a normal BMI
18.5-24.9
What percentage of Americans abstain from drinking alcohol?
21%
what BMI is overweight
25-29.9
According to cancer experts, up to what percentage of some cancers could be prevented by engaging in regular physical activity and eating a healthy diet? 10 percent 5 percent 20 percent 30 percent
30 percent
what BMI is obese
30-39.9
ono pound of fat is equal to _____ calories
3500
Which of the following waist measurements indicates an increased health risk? 38 inches in a male 33 inches in a female 33 inches in a male 38 inches in a female
38 inches in a female
How long does it take for the average adult to metabolize four 12-ounce beers? 2 hours 4 hours 3 hours 5 hours
4 hours
what BMI is extreme/morbid obesity?
40 and up
what BMI is super obesity?
50 and up
What percentage of a person's body weight is water?
50 to 70 percent
Approximately what percentage of Americans consume alcoholic beverages regularly?
50%
According to a major U.S. consensus statement, most adults should get how many hours of sleep per night for optimal health? 6 or more 9 or more 7 or more 8 or more
7 or more
What is the average life expectancy for someone born in 2016
78 years old
what is the BMI for underweight
<18.5
Regular aerobic exercise can reduce which type of cholesterol, known as "bad cholesterol"?
LDLs
Which statement BEST summarizes the association between exercise and improved immunity? Long-term, heavy exercisers get the most gain in immunity versus those who exercise only moderately. The most significant improvements in immunity are seen when a moderate exerciser begins a more intense exercise program. Regular exercise does not have any correlation to a healthy immune system. Moderate-intensity exercise temporarily increases the number of white blood cells, thereby boosting immunity.
Moderate-intensity exercise temporarily increases the number of white blood cells, thereby boosting immunity.
Which of the following statements about the health effects of obesity is true? Obesity increases the risk for cancer of the colon, esophagus, and pancreas. Obesity helps speed up wound healing. Nearly 98% of obese adolescents will remain obese as adults. As compared to average life expectancy for people who are not obese, obesity reduces average life expectancy by 18 to 20 years.
Obesity increases the risk for cancer of the colon, esophagus, and pancreas.
Which of the following is TRUE about ethnoviolence and hate crimes? Hate crimes are based on prejudice, but ethnoviolence is not. Prejudice and discrimination are always at the base of hate crimes and ethnoviolence. Ethnoviolence is based on prejudice, but hate crimes are not. Ethnoviolence is always more brutal than hate crimes.
Prejudice and discrimination are always at the base of hate crimes and ethnoviolence.
Due to her job, Jessica sleeps 5 to 6 hours per night on weekends. Which of the following is the BEST strategy for her to resolve her sleep debt? She can sleep 8 to 9 hours per night Monday through Friday. She can sleep 12 hours on Monday nights. She can readjust her circadian rhythm by sleeping 5 to 6 hours every night. She can't make up for her lost sleep.
She can sleep 8 to 9 hours per night Monday through Friday.
What percentage of adult Americans are obese? more than 20 percent but less than 30 percent more than 10 percent but less than 20 percent more than 30 percent but less than 40 percent more than 40 percent
more than 30 percent but less than 40 percent
Since 1980, the percentage of the global population that is obese has
more than doubled
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that approximately how many Americans have diabetes? nearly 90 million nearly 1 million nearly 10 million nearly 30 million
nearly 30 million
How many Americans have hypertension
nearly 50%
The results from an American College Health Association study indicate that most college students: sleep more hours per night than student of their parent's generation get enough sleep to feel well-rested at least five days a week sleep an average of only three hours per night feel tired or sleepy three or more days a week
feel tired or sleepy three or more days a week
Foods believed to have additional health benefits beyond the basic nutrition they provide are known as
functional foods
Which of the following factors influences a person's sleep needs? caffeine intake alcohol intake time zone gender
gender
The study of individual and collective aging processes.
gerontology
The surge in obesity rates around the world has become known as
globesity
The body converts all forms of simple sugars into which of the following substances to provide energy to cells?
glucose
The form of a sugar that is stored in the liver and muscles and broken down when the body requires a burst of energy is
glycogen
A 26-year-old male would be considered obese if he has a body fat percentage of 20 percent. is 10 percent heavier than his ideal weight. has a body mass index of 22-24. has a body mass index of 30 or higher.
has a body mass index of 30 or higher.
Which of the following populations in the United States has the highest prevalence of overweight or obesity?
non-hispanic black women
Assault, homicide, and suicide are all examples of
intentional injuries
Which of the following is TRUE about calories? All nutrients provide calories. Caloric needs stay about the same during various life stages. Calories are a unit of measure of the energy obtained from food. Calories are one of the basic nutrient groups.
Calories are a unit of measure of the energy obtained from food.
_____ has one of the largest populations in the world.
China
High blood levels of this type of cholesterol appear to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis, or cholesterol-clogged arteries.
HDL
People generally meet people based on proximity. What are ways to go around meeting people outside of their proximity?
Internet dating sites, social media
Which of the following is TRUE about your family of origin? It includes your grandparents or other extended relatives who were living in another state during your first years of life. It includes any immediate family members, such as siblings, who were not living in the house during your first years of life. It includes the people who were living in the house during your first years of life. It includes cousins and relatives who were living in the same town during your first years of life.
It includes the people who were living in the house during your first years of life.
Which of the following BEST describes appetite? It is the same as hunger. It is the social meaning attached to food. It is more psychological than physiological. It is not triggered by smells or taste.
It is more psychological than physiological.
which of the following is TRUE about stress? stress does not affect a person's general health stress is a mental and physical response to real or perceived changes and challenges it is possible to eliminate all stressors in our lives if we try hard enough stress is only produced by externally imposed factors and is always negative
Stress is a mental and physical response to real or perceived changes and challenges
Which of the following statements about intimate relationships is TRUE? Supportive intimate relationships are associated with a longer life span. People in supportive intimate relationships tend to have higher than normal blood pressure. Having strong intimate ties increases the risk for depression. The only intimate relationship known to be good for our health is marriage.
Supportive intimate relationships are associated with a longer life span.
Psychoactive drugs have which type of effect on the body? They depress or slow all body functions. They speed up energy metabolism and body movements. They enhance, suppress, or interfere with the actions of neurotransmitters. They potentiate the effect of other drugs on the nervous system.
They enhance, suppress, or interfere with the actions of neurotransmitters.
A bias-motivated crime is
a hate crime
Family consists of: blood relatives with whom we grew up. people related by blood who share a few main characteristics. a network of people that provides support, security, love, and a sense of belonging. a group of people who share the same interests.
a network of people that provides support, security, love, and a sense of belonging.
a pop quiz in class is an example of a frustration a stressor eustress chronic stress
a stressor
What percentage of the world's population lacks adequate sleep? about 55 percent about 35 percent about 45 percent about 25 percent
about 45 percent
Both Ben and Betty see themselves as responsible for their own choices, decisions, and actions in their relationship, thus demonstrating their
accountability
What are the rights of Americans and their health records
always have rights to your health records
Molecules that are the building blocks of protein are
amino acids
which of the following is most likely to cause eustress instead of distress? failing a test losing your job an impending promotion the death of a grandparent
an impending promotion
Which substances protect against oxidative stress and the resultant cell damage?
antioxidants
Smokeless tobacco users rarely "graduate" to cigarette smoking. have an easier time quitting than cigarette smokers. are significantly more likely to develop oral cancers than nonusers. generally develop cancer after first use more slowly than smokers
are significantly more likely to develop oral cancers than nonusers
Which of the following statements about the role of gender in sleep is true? as compared to women, men are less likely to seek help for sleep disorders as compared to women, men are twice as likely to suffer from sleep problems testosterone levels rise at night in men, but not in women sleep problems in women are though to be primarily due to worries about children
as compared to women, men are less likely to seek help for sleep disorders
Relationships can cause stress in all the following ways EXCEPT aspiring to be the best one can be competition and conflicts with work colleagues jobs with high expectations and low control excitement and eustress in the early stages of a new relationship
aspiring to be the best one can be
The minimum amount of energy the body uses to maintain vital functions is known as the
basal metabolic rate
Tyler wants to win the trumpet soloist competition this year. His practice time always ends up being the same time his friends are going out to party. Tyler always goes along for the party because he figures he can squeeze in a few minutes of practice somewhere in his schedule. It is competition week and Tyler has come down with a terrible stomach bug. Tyler's illness may be related to: a consistent pattern of not eating healthy food overload behavior that is inconsistent with his goals outward conflict
behavior that is inconsistent with his goals
The method of body composition measurement that sends a small current through the body to measure the resistance based on percentage of body water is
bioelectrical impedance analysis.
The ratio of alcohol to total blood volume is the
blood alcohol concentration.
In the ABCD rule for the warning signs of melanoma, the B stands for
border irregularity
People with a physiological dependence on a substance, such as an addictive drug, will experience
both tolerance and withdrawal
How does smoking contribute to heart disease
by aging the arteries
Which of the following provides a ready source of energy for daily activities? carbohydrates vitamins water proteins
carbohydrates
Stress has been associated with increased blood pressure and inflammatory responses. These are most closely associated with an increased risk for insomnia blood cancers such as leukemia mood disorders cardiovascular disease
cardiovascular disease
The definition of the term family
changes over time
What substance is not soluble in water, is derived from animal-based foods and synthesized by the body, and while circulating in the blood, can accumulate on the inner walls of arteries and restrict blood flow?
cholesterol
A disease that typically begins slowly, progresses, and persists, with a variety of signs and symptoms that can be treated but not cured by medication
chronic disease
An ongoing state of physiological arousal in response to stressors is known as
chronic stress
are practices and products that originated outside of, but are used in conjunction with, conventional medicine.
complementary health approaches
an approach to healthcare that reflect specific theories of physiology, health, and disease that have developed outside of conventional medicine.
complementary medical systems
carbohydrates that can be broken down during digestion into monosaccharides or disaccharides
complex carbohydrates
The relative proportions and distribution of fat and lean tissue throughout the body is its
composition
Which of the following is an example of a process addiction? regular internet use a disciplined exercise routine alcoholism compulsive gambling
compulsive gambling
The fertilization of an ovum by a sperm is
conception
When Marlon gets adequate sleep the night before his intramural basketball games, he has more energy and can run faster and perform better. This can be attributed to: conservation of body energy during sleep increased body temperature and caloric expenditure during sleep cognitive ability being restored during sleep increased brain activity during sleep
conservation of body energy during sleep
The various methods used to prevent conception are known as
contraception
The process by which addicts get an addictive substance out of their system as part of ending their dependence on it is
detoxification
Peter recently ended a relationship when he found out his partner was cheating on him. This probably caused
distress
Which of the following is a major contributor to college students' lack of sleep?
electronic devices
which of the following represents the primary difference between emotional health and mental health?
emotional health deals with feelings rather than thought processes
Calories from saturated fats and/or added sugars in foods that have little or no nutritional value, such as sausages and ice cream, are called
empty calories
Of the following lifestyle choices, the MOST helpful for reducing cardiovascular disease risk is to increase your intake of dietary protein. reduce the amount of cholesterol in your diet eat a small amount of chocolate once a day. engage in regular exercise.
engage in regular exercise.
Ken is the new pastor at a local church. He is both nervous and excited about his new post and is looking forward to meeting all the members of his new congregation. This process will take some time and effort, but he is convinced that it will help him learn how to serve them better. Ken's situation is an example of
eustress
Which of the following is defined as planned, structured, and repetitive body movement?
exercise
David spends four hours a day lifting weights and is at the point of obsession about his fitness routine to the extent that he will miss classes and outings with friends so he can go to the gym. He most likely suffers from which of the following disorders?
exercise addiction
Keith is having a complete fitness evaluation done at a health center. One of the measurements being taken is how much energy he expends while jogging on a treadmill, which is his
exercise metabolic rate
Howard is 88 years old and in excellent health. All his life, he has thrived on just 5 hours of sleep a night. The most likely explanation for Howard's good health despite his lifelong short sleep habit is that he: has a genetic variant affecting his circadian rhythm. drinks four or more caffeinated beverages per day. is inaccurate in recalling how much sleep he gets. has a unipolar mood disorder that decreases his sleep needs.
has a genetic variant affecting his circadian rhythm.
Cardiovascular disease is second only to cancer as a leading cause of death among Americans. occurs in nearly 25 percent of African Americans. causes nearly 25 percent more deaths each year than it did a decade ago. has been the leading cause of death in the U.S. for 100 years.
has been the leading cause of death in the U.S. for 100 years.
A high waist circumference-to-hip ratio would indicate that you: have excessive fat stored in your hips and thighs have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. have a reduced risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. have excessive fat stored in your upper body.
have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
the ever-changing process of achieving individual potential in the physical, social, emotional, mental, spiritual, and environmental dimensions
health
the combined educational, organizational, procedural, environmental, social, and financial supports that help individuals and groups to reduce negative health behaviors and promote positive change.
health promotion
Chronic stress has a strong connection to all of the following medical conditions EXCEPT hearing loss heart disease diabetes migraines
hearing loss
a deadly heat stress illness resulting from dehydration and overexertion in hot and/or humid conditions.
heatstroke
The ideal cholesterol ratio for an individual would include
high HDL and low LDL
Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by
high blood glucose
Jorge went for a run after his morning classes. He hadn't eaten breakfast and now he is feeling lightheaded and has a gnawing feeling in his stomach. Jorge is experiencing
hunger
The physiological need to eat to sustain life is
hunger
John underwent a body composition test that involved being submerged to compare his underwater weight with land weight to determine his level of body fat. This method of assessment is known as a
hydrostatic weighing
Regular exercise improves concentration. reduces the flow of oxygen to the brain. increases stress. deprives the brain of nutrients.
improves concentration.
During the past few decades, the incidence of type 2 diabetes in children and teens has
increased
A person's exercise metabolic rate (EMR) will increase if he or she: decreases the activity level from moderate to light. increases the activity level from light to moderate. performs light daily activities instead of structured exercise routines. decreases the time spent exercising.
increases the activity level from light to moderate.
Exercise can reduce the risk of heart disease by all of the following EXCEPT increasing LDL levels. improving blood flow. improving dyslipidemia. strengthening the heart.
increasing LDL levels.
Jake and Kate have been dating for two years and have a close relationship. They feel that they have someone to care for who also cares for them. This example BEST demonstrates what aspect of Jake and Kate's need fulfillment?
nurturance
The science that studies food and nourishment, including food composition and the physiological effects of food on the body, is
nutrition
A 20-year-old female with a BMI of 34 would be categorized as
obese
Which of the following groups has the highest incidence of hypertension?
older African American males
How many adult Americans suffer from some type of cardiovascular disease? one out of three one out of five one out of two one out of four
one out of three
a degenerative bone disorder characterized by increasingly porous bones.
osteoporosis
A person with a body weight that is 15% higher than recommended is considered
overweight
Walking to class or up a flight of stairs would be examples of
physical activity
What are the characteristics that you look at when choosing a partner?
physical attraction, proximity, similarities, and reciprocity.
A medical practitioner who provides preventative care and treats ailments, gives general medical advice, and makes appropriate referrals when necessary.
primary care practitioner
Which of the following play a role in developing and repairing bone, muscle, skin, and blood cells?
proteins
Which type of drug is defined as having the potential to alter a person's mood or behavior?
psychoactive drug
A term used to encompass mental, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of health is
psychological
Fertility is a person's ability to
reproduce
a psychologically healthy person is introverted cynical athletic resilient
resilient
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of blood flow as it travels through the heart? right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
consists of knowing your body, paying attention to its signals, and taking appropriate action to stop the progression of illness or injury.
self-care
Which of the following would NOT be considered a hate crime? assaulting a person because of his sexual orientation beating up a teenager because she is Hispanic shooting a bank employee during an armed robbery burning a church for reasons of religious bias
shooting a bank employee during an armed robbery
Carbohydrates are used by the body primarily for sustained energy short-term energy
short-term energy
carbohydrates made up of only one sugar molecule or of two sugar molecules bonded together
simple carbohydrates
When a clinician measures a person's body fat by pinching folds of skin at various locations on the body, the process being used is the
skinfold method
The difference between hours of sleep needed and actual hours slept is
sleep debt
Eating food when drinking alcohol decreases the absorption of nutrients in food. slows alcohol absorption. increases the absorption of nutrients in food. speeds up alcohol absorption.
slows alcohol absorption.
Our neighbors and coworkers are members of our
social network
a network of people and services with which we share ties and which provide support is
social support
Lisa has a strong sense of purpose and meaning to her life. Lisa is demonstrating
spiritual health
spiritually healthy people believe: that it is important to give up control over their lives in a god or other higher power in an afterlife that they are a part of something larger than the purely physical or personal dimensions of existence
that they are a part of something larger than the purely physical or personal dimensions of existence
What country has one of the largest "ecological footprint"?
the United States
Nutrients are units of measure that indicate the amount of energy in a particular food. the constituents in food that the body requires to function properly. made up of three basic food groups: proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. the healthful compounds found in vitamins and minerals.
the constituents in food that the body requires to function properly.
Factors affecting alcohol absorption include all of the following EXCEPT the drinker's weight and body mass. the type of drink. the time of day the alcohol is consumed. the drinker's mood.
the time of day the alcohol is consumed.
Psychological health is best described as encompassing
thinking, feeling, relating, and being
the form of diabetes in which the pancreas is not able to make insulin, and therefore blood glucose cannot enter the cells to be used for energy.
type 1 diabetes
Theodore's BMI is 18.0. Theodore is
underweight
Violet suffered multiple fractures after her car was hit by a truck driven by a drowsy driver on his way home from a night shift. Violet experienced
unintentional injury
Potent and essential organic compounds that promote growth and help to maintain life and health are
vitamins
Which of the following nutrients is the major component of blood?
water
formula for calculating BMI
weight (kg) X 703 / height squared ( in inches)
as assessment of the positive aspects of a person's life, such as positive emotions and life satisfaction.
well-being
the achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions.
wellness
Among the following, the group most likely to struggle with stress are
young adult females
Which factor would reduce the likelihood of your choosing a particular person as a partner? your beliefs, attitudes, and values are significantly different.
your beliefs, attitudes, and values are significantly different.
When acute stress bombards your brain with stress chemicals,
your memory may be impaired